Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... waterma PART 3 PIGGING TECHNIQUES AND EQUIPMENT Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm This page intentionally left blank Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Foam pigs THE HISTORY AND APPLICATION OF FOAM PIGS WHEN A pipeline operator contemplates pigging a line, he must take several factors into consideration: the purpose of pigging the... www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pipeline Pigging Technology Custom designs - Because an operator sometimes faces unique pigging situations, he has the occasional requirement for a pig that is not available "off the shelf' Due to the method of moulding foam and applying external coverings, it is relatively simple to design and build a polly pig for a particular pipeline problem Less risk of a "stuck"... the pig to get stuck Removal of solids from a pipeline always involves a certain level of risk If the solids pile up ahead of the pig, they can form a plug and possibly cause the pig to stop moving One concept, or method, available to the operator faced with cleaning a severely-fouled pipeline, is the "progressive pigging" procedure utilizing foam pigs If a pipeline has accumulated a large volume of deposits... proper pig to accomplish the job efficiently and safely The polly pig offers the pipeline operator the widest choice of designs to deal with the majority of pipeline pigging problems he will encounter Flexibility, the pig's built-in safety factor, allows it to negotiate short-radius bends, pipe diameter reductions, and other pigging hazards that might cause other designs of conventional pigs to become... prevent 206 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pipeline isolation - available options hydrate formation and minimize corrosion This is both costly and timeconsuming It is therefore only really feasible to flood and commission short pipelines of small diameter Nitrogen purging the pipelines can also be very expensive on larger sizes of line Due to vaporisation of... barrier in the form of a modified sphere with bypass monitoring facilities was then installed prior to the welding work beginning The Pipelines Inspectorate's requirements for testing of the new 209 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pipeline Pigging Technology works had a significant impact on the way the valve assembly was installed These indicated that all flanged... It would, however, mean that some method of recommissioning the pipeline would be required The design premise for the pig train was also altered by the construction work being subsea It was always intended that the pipeline would be vented down to static head pressure subsea, i.e approximately 13bar With the pig train in position and the pipeline cut, the pig train would be in dynamic balance, with 13bar... worst-case scenario of a topsides' leak or rupture at the far end leading to pipeline depressurization The full static head would then be acting across the pig train, and the divers could potentially be sucked into the pipeline if the pig train moved It was 210 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pipeline isolation - available options therefore decided that the pig train.. .Pipeline Pigging Technology Fig.7 Friction factor ratios Polymer quantity The estimated amount of polymer removed from the pipeline was 5m3 This estimate includes polymer removed from cut-outs, separators, and filter bags All of these held polymer in different forms,... on www.verypdf.com to remove this waterm Pipeline Pigging Technology surface-bearing area (that part of the pig that touches the pipe wall) to add wear resistance and sealing ability Abrasive surfaces such as steel wire brushes can be added to increase the cleaning and scraping ability HISTORY It is not certain when the first flexible foam pig was put into a pipeline, or who came up with the idea The