Biological Energy Designer: Nguyen Tien Long K12 HONOR PROGRAMME Hanoi university of science Outline * Energy Consumption * Respiration * Photosynthesis Energy Consumption * The unit of energy : + in the dietary domain : calorie ( cal) + in the dietician’s capitalized : Calorie (Cal) + in mechanic : Joule ( J ) 1 Cal = 1000 cal =1 kcal= 4186.8 J * somes notes : + The well-fed adult : 2400 kcal /day + mankind uses the energy Consumption for many purposes . Respiration * “respiration” : two components +) external respiration : as in the breathing of animals . +) internal respiration : oxygen molecules participate in chemical reactions. * internal respiration : +) aerobic respiration : +) anaerobic respiration : AEROBIC RESPIRATION Anaerobic respiration Giving energy lower than the other Giving an alcoholic environment Organisms are clearly rather specialized Photosynthesis the chlorophyll is present in organelles known as chloro- plasts Granum: resemble neatly piled coins, Granum Thylakoids Compose grana, as flattened membrane vesicles anh provide the physical environment for the chloro- phyll molecules : Thylakoid Stroma : The intergranal space. the region of cytoplasm enclosed within a thylakoid is referred to as the lumen S T R O M A L U M E N only plants, algae and certain types of bacteria are able to harvest the energy present in sunlight coz Higher plants possess chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, brown algae have chlorophyll c red algae chlorophyll d bacterias have a,b,c or d chlorophyll Each chlorophyll type has its characteristic light absorption maxima early part of the photosynthetic the end result of a series of redox reactions is recisely that: oxidation of a hydrogen donor, to produce a relatively strongreducer (also called a reducing agent). The latter is then used to reduce CO 2 to a sugar. The reducer in question is nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate hydride, or NADPH for short . redox potentials subtraction of NADP + and O 2 Is 1.1V , larger than energy of one arsorpted photon  The higher plants have the Molecular machinery necessary for double absorption = two co-operating chlorophyll molecules photosynthetic reaction centre design places the redox-participating molecules in close mutual proximity keeping them well away from substances that would cause premature oxidation or reduction simutalneous L and M sub-units : each comprises five membrane-spanning alpha helices, intimate contact with each other ; containning the photochemically active groups the fourth sub-unit is a cytochrome molecule, which binds to the L–M dimer at the outer membrane surface. It contains four haem sites sub-unit H is located at the inner surface of the membrane, anchored to the L–M dimer by a single alpha helix. It contains no active sites cytochrome molecule Haem [...]... × 10 – 4 s mark The upshot of thehydrogen ion (proton) translocation is the setting up of a gradient of pH (that is to say, a proton gradient) subsequently driving the production of ATP, the universal energy- transporting compound END GLUCOSE PRODUCTION immediately breaks up into two acid 3-phospho-glyceric Phosphorylated by ATP and NADPH – ATP becomes ADP , the other five the reaction being NADPH becomesparticipate . Biological Energy Designer: Nguyen Tien Long K12 HONOR PROGRAMME Hanoi university of science Outline * Energy Consumption * Respiration. Outline * Energy Consumption * Respiration * Photosynthesis Energy Consumption * The unit of energy : + in the dietary domain : calorie ( cal) + in the