800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Cisco Press CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition Wendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624 1828xbook.fm Page i Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM ii CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition Wendell Odom Copyright© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. Published by: Cisco Press 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Printed in the United States of America First Printing August 2007 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Odom, Wendell. CCENT/CCNA ICND1 official exam certification guide / Wendell Odom. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-58720-182-0 (hardback w/cd) 1. Electronic data processing personnel--Certification. 2. Computer net- works--Examinations--Study guides. I. Title. QA76.3.O358 2007 004.6--dc22 2007029241 ISBN-13: 978-1-58720-182-0 ISBN-10: 1-58720-182-8 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about the Cisco ICND1 (640-822), ICND2 (640-816), and CCNA (640-802) exams. Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The author, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it. The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc. 1828xbook.fm Page ii Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM iii Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc. cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Corporate and Government Sales The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. 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Publisher: Paul Boger Copy Editor: Gayle Johnson and Bill McManus Associate Publisher: Dave Dusthimer Technical Editors: Teri Cook, Brian D’Andrea, and Steve Kalman Cisco Representative: Anthony Wolfenden Editorial Assistant: Vanessa Evans Cisco Press Program Manager: Jeff Brady Book and Cover Designer: Louisa Adair Executive Editor: Brett Bartow Composition: ICC Macmillan Inc. Managing Editor: Patrick Kanouse Indexer: Tim Wright Senior Development Editor: Christopher Cleveland Proofreader: Suzanne Thomas Senior Project Editor: San Dee Phillips and Meg Shaw 1828xbook.fm Page iii Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM iv About the Author Wendell Odom , CCIE No. 1624, has been in the networking industry since 1981. He currently teaches QoS, MPLS, and CCNA courses for Skyline Advanced Technology Services (http://www.skyline-ats.com). He has also worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer. He is the author of all previous editions of the CCNA Exam Certification Guide , as well as the Cisco QOS Exam Certification Guide , Second Edition, Computer Networking First-Step , CCIE Routing and Switching Official Exam Certification Guide , Second Edition, and CCNA Video Mentor — all from Cisco Press. 1828xbook.fm Page iv Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM v About the Technical Reviewers Teri Cook (CCSI, CCDP, CCNP, CCDA, CCNA, MCT, and MCSE 2000/2003: Security) has more than ten years of experience in the IT industry. She has worked with different types of organizations in the private business and DoD sectors, providing senior-level network and security technical skills in the design and implementation of complex computing environments. Since obtaining her certifications, Teri has been committed to bringing quality IT training to IT professionals as an instructor. She is an outstanding instructor who uses real-world experience to present complex networking technologies. As an IT instructor, Teri has been teaching Cisco classes for more than five years. Brian D’Andrea (CCNA, CCDA, MCSE, A+, and Net+) has 11 years of IT experience in both medical and financial environments, where planning and supporting critical networking technologies were his primary responsibilities. For the last five years he has dedicated himself to technical training. Brian spends most of his time with The Training Camp, an IT boot camp provider. Using his real-world experience and his ability to break difficult concepts into a language that students can understand, Brian has successfully trained hundreds of students for both work and certification endeavors. Stephen Kalman is a data security trainer. He is the author or tech editor of more than 20 books, courses, and CBT titles. His most recent book is Web Security Field Guide , published by Cisco Press. In addition to those responsibilities he runs a consulting company, Esquire Micro Consultants, which specializes in network security assessments and forensics. Mr. Kalman holds SSCP, CISSP, ISSMP, CEH, CHFI, CCNA, CCSA (Checkpoint), A+, Network+ and Security+ certifications and is a member of the New York State Bar. 1828xbook.fm Page v Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM vi Dedication For Brett Bartow. Thanks for being such a steady, insightful, and incredibly trustworthy guide through the publishing maze. 1828xbook.fm Page vi Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM vii Acknowledgments The team who helped produce this book has been simply awesome. Everyone who touched this book has made it better, and they’ve been particularly great at helping catch the errors that always creep into the manuscript. Brian, Teri, and Steve all did a great job TEing the book. Besides helping a lot with technical accuracy, Brian made a lot of good suggestions about traps that he sees when teaching CCNA classes, helping the book avoid those same pitfalls. Teri’s ability to see each phrase in the context of an entire chapter, or the whole book, was awesome, helping catch things that no one would otherwise catch. Steve spent most of his TE time on the ICND2 book, but he did lend great help with this one, particularly with his reviews of the security-oriented topics, an area in which he’s an expert. And more so than any other book I’ve written, the TEs really sunk their teeth into the specifics of every example, helping catch errors. Thanks so much! Another (ho-hum) all-star performance from Chris Cleveland, who developed the book. Now I empathize with sports writers who have to write about the local team’s star who bats .300, hits 40 homers, and drives in 100 runs, every year, for his whole career. How many ways can you say he does a great job? I’ll keep it simple: Thanks, Chris. The wonderful and mostly hidden production folks did their usual great job. When every time I see how they reworded something, and think, “Wow; why didn’t I write that?”, it makes me appreciate the kind of team we have at Cisco Press. The final copy edit, figure review, and pages review process required a fair amount of juggling and effort as well – thanks to Patrick’s team, especially San Dee, Meg, Tonya, for working so well with all the extra quality initiatives we’ve implemented. Thanks to you all! Additionally, several folks who didn’t have any direct stake in the book also helped it along. Thanks to Frank Knox for the discussions on the exams, why they’re so difficult, and about troubleshooting. Thanks to Rus Healy for the help with wireless. Thanks to the Mikes at Skyline for making my schedule work to get this book (and the ICND2 book) out the door. And thanks to the course and exam teams at Cisco for the great early communications and interactions about the changes to the courses and exams. Finally, thanks to my wife Kris for all her support with my writing efforts, her prayers, and her understanding when the deadline didn’t quite match with our vacation plans this summer. And thanks to Jesus Christ—all this effort is just striving after the wind without Him. 1828xbook.fm Page vii Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM viii This Book Is Safari Enabled The Safari ® Enabled icon on the cover of your favorite technol- ogy book means that the book is available through Safari Book- shelf. When you buy this book, you get free access to the online edition for 45 days. Safari Bookshelf is an electronic reference library that lets you easily search thousands of technical books, find code samples, download chapters, and access technical information whenever and wherever you need it. To gain 45-day Safari Enabled access to this book: ■ Go to http://www.ciscopress.com/safarienabled. ■ Complete the brief registration form. ■ Enter the coupon code 6EM9-WNXL-7Z1E-9UL2-KAEC. If you have difficulty registering on Safari Bookshelf or access- ing the online edition, please e-mail customer-service@safari- booksonline.com. 1828xbook.fm Page viii Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM ix Contents at a Glance Foreword xxvi Introduction xxvii Part I Networking Fundamentals 3 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer Networking Concepts 5 Chapter 2 The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models 17 Chapter 3 Fundamentals of LANs 41 Chapter 4 Fundamentals of WANs 71 Chapter 5 Fundamentals of IP Addressing and Routing 93 Chapter 6 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport, Applications, and Security 129 Part II LAN Switching 165 Chapter 7 Ethernet LAN Switching Concepts 167 Chapter 8 Operating Cisco LAN Switches 197 Chapter 9 Ethernet Switch Configuration 231 Chapter 10 Ethernet Switch Troubleshooting 267 Chapter 11 Wireless LANs 299 Part III IP Routing 329 Chapter 12 IP Addressing and Subnetting 331 Chapter 13 Operating Cisco Routers 399 Chapter 14 Routing Protocol Concepts and Configuration 435 Chapter 15 Troubleshooting IP Routing 471 Part IV Wide-Area Networks 509 Chapter 16 WAN Concepts 511 Chapter 17 WAN Configuration 539 1828xbook.fm Page ix Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM x Part V Final Preparation 563 Chapter 18 Final Preparation 565 Part VI Appendixes 575 Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes 577 Appendix B Decimal to Binary Conversion Table 591 Appendix C ICND1 Exam Updates: Version 1.0 595 Glossary 599 Index 624 Part VII CD-Only Appendix C ICND1 Exam Updates: Version 1.0 Appendix D Subnetting Practice Appendix E Subnetting Reference Pages Appendix F Additional Scenarios Appendix G Subnetting Video Reference Appendix H Memory Tables Appendix I Memory Tables Answer Key Appendix J ICND1 Open-Ended Questions 1828xbook.fm Page x Thursday, July 26, 2007 3:10 PM [...]... Destination 10 0 18 28xbook.fm Page xiii Thursday, July 26, 2007 3 :10 PM xiii Network Layer Interaction with the Data Link Layer 10 1 IP Packets and the IP Header 10 2 Network Layer (Layer 3) Addressing 10 3 Routing Protocols 10 4 IP Addressing 10 5 IP Addressing Definitions 10 5 How IP Addresses Are Grouped 10 6 Classes of Networks 10 7 The Actual Class A, B, and C Network Numbers 10 9 IP Subnetting 11 0 IP Routing 11 4... Host Routing 11 4 Router Forwarding Decisions and the IP Routing Table 11 5 IP Routing Protocols 11 8 Network Layer Utilities 12 1 Address Resolution Protocol and the Domain Name System 12 1 DNS Name Resolution 12 2 The ARP Process 12 2 Address Assignment and DHCP 12 3 ICMP Echo and the ping Command 12 5 Exam Preparation Tasks 12 6 Review All the Key Topics 12 6 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 12 7 Definitions... Appliance (ASA) Anti-x 16 0 Intrusion Detection and Prevention 16 0 Virtual Private Networks (VPN) 16 1 Exam Preparation Tasks 16 3 Review All the Key Topics 16 3 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 16 3 Definitions of Key Terms 16 3 Part II LAN Switching Chapter 7 15 8 16 5 Ethernet LAN Switching Concepts 16 7 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 16 7 Foundation Topics 17 1 LAN Switching Concepts 17 1 Historical Progression:... Data Transfer 14 4 User Datagram Protocol 14 5 TCP/IP Applications 14 6 QoS Needs and the Impact of TCP/IP Applications 14 6 The World Wide Web, HTTP, and SSL 14 9 Universal Resource Locators 15 0 Finding the Web Server Using DNS 15 0 Transferring Files with HTTP 15 2 12 9 18 28xbook.fm Page xiv Thursday, July 26, 2007 3 :10 PM xiv Network Security 15 3 Perspectives on the Sources and Types of Threats 15 4 Firewalls... Hubs, Bridges, and Switches 17 1 Switching Logic 17 4 The Forward Versus Filter Decision 17 5 How Switches Learn MAC Addresses 17 7 Flooding Frames 17 8 Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol 17 9 Internal Processing on Cisco Switches 18 0 LAN Switching Summary 18 2 LAN Design Considerations 18 3 Collision Domains and Broadcast Domains 18 3 Collision Domains 18 3 Broadcast Domains 18 4 The Impact of Collision... Modes of 802 .11 Wireless LANs 305 Wireless Transmissions (Layer 1) 307 Wireless Encoding and Nonoverlapping DSSS Channels 309 Wireless Interference 311 Coverage Area, Speed, and Capacity 311 Media Access (Layer 2) 314 Deploying WLANs 315 Wireless LAN Implementation Checklist 315 Step 1: Verify the Existing Wired Network 316 Step 2: Install and Configure the AP’s Wired and IP Details 317 Step 3: Configure... 5 71 Use the Exam Engine 5 71 Choosing Study or Simulation Mode 572 Choosing the Right Exam Option 572 Summary 573 Part VI Appendixes Appendix A 568 575 Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 577 578 578 579 579 580 5 81 5 81 582... 460 18 28xbook.fm Page xxi Thursday, July 26, 2007 3 :10 PM xxi Exam Preparation Tasks 505 Review All the Key Topics 505 Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory Command Reference 506 Part IV Wide-Area Networks 509 Chapter 16 WAN Concepts 506 511 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 511 Foundation Topics 514 WAN Technologies 514 Perspectives on the PSTN 514 Analog Modems 517 Digital Subscriber Line 519 DSL... Cisco devices 11 5 III Compare and contrast methods of routing and routing protocols 11 6 III Configure, verify, and troubleshoot OSPF 11 7 III Configure, verify, and troubleshoot EIGRP 11 8 II, III Verify configuration and connectivity using ping, traceroute, and Telnet or SSH 11 9 II, III Troubleshoot routing implementation issues continues 18 28xbook.fm Page xxxvi Thursday, July 26, 2007 3 :10 PM xxxvi Table... branch office network 11 0 II Calculate and apply a VLSM IP addressing design to a network 11 1 II Determine the appropriate classless addressing scheme using VLSM and summarization to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment 11 2 V Describe the technological requirements for running IPv6 (including: protocols, dual stack, tunneling, etc.) 11 3 V Describe IPv6 addresses 11 4 II, III Identify . Network Numbers 10 9 IP Subnetting 11 0 IP Routing 11 4 Host Routing 11 4 Router Forwarding Decisions and the IP Routing Table 11 5 IP Routing Protocols 11 8 Network. 20070292 41 ISBN -13 : 978 -1- 58720 -18 2-0 ISBN -10 : 1- 58720 -18 2-8 Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about the Cisco ICND1 (640-822),