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Chủ ngữ trong câu trả lời với Yes, No phải là 1 trong 7 ĐTNX Nguyên tắc “vay gì trả nấy” I lived in New York last year.. Did you live in New York last year?[r]
(1)UNIT 7+ / BÀI + (2) Thì quá khứ đơn giản Cách sử dụng Dấu hiệu nhận biết Công thức Be Can Normal Verb / ĐT thường (3) Cách sử dụng: Chỉ hành động, việc đã xảy và kết thúc quá khứ, biết rõ thời gian (hôm qua, tuần trước, ) I lived in New York last year She started work when she was Dùng để mô tả hàng loạt hành động, việc xảy liên tiếp quá khứ Yesterday, I got up late So I had breakfast quickly, then I went to school by bus The bus was late Therefore I went to my office late My boss was very angry (4) Dấu hiệu nhận biết / Từ thời gian Đứng đầu cuối câu I lived in New York last year She started work when she was (2 days) + ago = last + (2 days) : trước đây days ago = last days; one month ago = last month; few weeks ago = last few weeks Yesterday; Yesterday + morning/ afternoon / evening (hôm qua, sáng qua, chiều qua, tối qua) When + S + was/were + + young/ small/ a child / a little girl / 15 years old (Khi còn trẻ/ còn nhỏ/là đứa trẻ/ lên 15 tuổi ) On + Sept 2nd 1945 (+ ngày) In + 1954 / August 1980 (+ tháng / năm/ kỷ/ thiên niên kỷ) (5) Công thức Be → was; were Can → could Normal Verb / ĐT thường: V(inf.) + ed (6) Công thức ‘to be’ (+) S + was / were + I, she, he, it, DT số ít + was You, we, they, DT số nhiều + were VD: I was 18 in 1998 Her friends were at home yesterday Ms Hoa was in Boston in 2006 My mother was a worker (7) Công thức ‘to be’ (-) S + was / were + not + (was not = wasn’t; were not = weren’t) VD: I was not 18 in 1998 Her friends weren’t at home yesterday Ms Hoa wasn’t in Boston in 2006 My mother wasn’t a worker (8) Công thức ‘to be’ (?) Was / Were + S + ? Yes, S + was /were No, S + wasn’t/weren’t (Chủ ngữ câu trả lời phải là ĐTNX: I, you, we, they, she, he, it) I was 18 in 1998 → Were you 18 in 1998? Yes, I was Her friends were at home yesterday → Were her friends at home yesterday? No, they weren’t Ms Hoa was in Boston in 2006 → Was Ms Hoa in Boston in 2006? No, she wasn’t My mother was a worker → Was your mother a worker? Yes, she was (9) THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN GIẢN Công thức ‘to be’ (?) Wh_ + was/ were + S + …? Where were you last night? (I was) at the pub (last night) When were you born? (I was born) in TN Where was your husband at midnight yesterday? (He was) at work / in his office When was your baby born? (She was born) on May 23rd 2008 (10) Công thức ‘can’ → could (+) S + could + V(inf.) (-) S + could + not + V(inf.) (?) Could + S + V(inf.)? Yes, S could (No, S couldn’t) I could swim when I was 10 years old She could run very well My mother could not cook when she was Could you sing a song when you were 5? Yes, I could Could he play football? No, he couldn’t 10 (11) THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN GIẢN Công thức ‘can’ → could Nói khả người, vật (biết làm gì quá khứ) My mother could not cook when she was Could you sing a song when you were 5? Yes, I could Ở dạng câu hỏi còn là cách đưa lời đề nghị lịch (không mang nghĩa là quá khứ, mà là tại, không phải câu hỏi dù có hình thức giống câu hỏi, mà mang tính lịch sự) Could you help me? (Can you help me?) Làm ơn giúp tôi Could you give me some money, mother? (Can you give ….?) Mẹ cho ít tiền Could you tell me the way to the post office? (Can you tell me…?) Làm ơn cho tôi đường đến bưu điện 11 (12) THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN GIẢN Công thức với NV/ ĐT thường (+) S + V+ed + Tận cùng ĐT là e +d: dance → danced (# agree → agreed) Tận cùng ĐT là nguyên âm + phụ âm: stop →stopped Tận cùng ĐT là phụ âm +y: cry → cried (# play →played; fly → flew) ĐT bất quy tắc: go →went; run →run; cut →cut 12 (13) THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN GIẢN Công thức với NV/ ĐT thường (+) S + V+ed + I lived in New York last year She stopped the presentation (ngừng bài trình bày) The child cried when she was hungry (Đứa trẻ khóc nó đói) They cut a lot of trees last year (Năm ngoái họ chặt nhiều cây) 13 (14) THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN GIẢN Công thức với NV/ ĐT thường Cách phát âm đuôi ‘ed’ thêm vào sau các ĐT có quy tắc ‘ed’ /t/ tận cùng ĐT là c, f, k, p, x, s, sh, ch watched; laughed; stopped; looked; wished; ‘ed’ /id/ tận cùng ĐT là d, t wanted; needed; decided ‘ed’ /d/ với các trường hợp còn lại (phổ biến nhất) loved; died; married; opened; 14 (15) THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN GIẢN Công thức với NV/ ĐT thường (-) S + did not + V(inf.) + … ‘did’ là trợ động từ, thì quá khứ đơn giản, không có nghĩa, xuất dạng (-) và (?) V(inf.): ĐT nguyên thể không có ‘to” (nguyên dạng từ điển) Nguyên tắc “vay gì trả nấy” I lived in New York last year I did not live in New York She stopped the presentation She did not stop the presentation The child cried when she was hungry The child did not cry when she was hungry They cut a lot of trees last year They did not cut a lot of trees last year 15 (16) THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN GIẢN Công thức với NV/ ĐT thường (?) Did + S + V(inf.) + …? Yes, S did (No, S didn’t) Chủ ngữ câu trả lời với Yes, No phải là ĐTNX Nguyên tắc “vay gì trả nấy” I lived in New York last year Did you live in New York last year? Yes, I did She stopped the presentation Did she stop the presentation? No, she didn’t The child cried when she was hungry Did the child cry when she was hungry? Yes, she did They cut a lot of trees last year Did they cut a lot of trees last year? Yes, they did 16 (17) THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN GIẢN Công thức với NV/ ĐT thường (?) Wh_ + did + S + V(inf.)? Nguyên tắc “vay gì trả nấy” I lived in New York last year When did you live in New York? Where did you live last year? The child cried when she was hungry When did the child cry? They cut a lot of trees last year When did they cut a lot of trees? What did they cut last year? What did they last year? 17 (18) TÓM TẮT NỘI DUNG Thì quá khứ đơn giản Cách sử dụng: xảy quá khứ (thời gian cụ thể) Dấu hiệu nhận biết: last, ago, yesterday Công thức Be: was, were Can: could + V(inf) Normal Verb / ĐT thường: V + ed; did not + V(inf) Nguyên tắc “vay gì trả nấy” với dạng phủ định và nghi vấn 18 (19)