Gerund and Inf 3

enjoy, practise, mind, avoid, consider, discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep, discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep, can’t help…etc). can’t help…etc)[r]

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Gerunds Gerunds

and and

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Gerunds Gerunds

1 Como

1 Como sujeitosujeito da oraỗóo: da oraỗóo: Running

Running is a great sport. is a great sport.

2 Após certos verbos:

She

She enjoysenjoys meetingmeeting people. people.

She

She missesmisses goinggoing to parties. to parties. Would you

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3 Apús preposiỗừes:

Theyre interested

Theyre interested in in dancing

dancing..

Why you insist

Why you insist onon tellingtelling the same old the same old story?

story?

He left the room

He left the room withoutwithout sayingsaying a word. a word. They are good

They are good atat fighting

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4 Após o verbo

4 Após o verbo gogo – com atividades – com atividades

recreativas:

Does he always Does he always gogo

surfingsurfing in the summer? in the summer?

They They gogo

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5 Após certas expressões idiomáticas:

The test has started

The test has started It’s no useIt’s no use

askingasking your doubts now. your doubts now.

There was no point in

There was no point in waitingwaiting, so we left., so we left.

Do you think

Do you think it’s worthit’s worth

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6 Em proibiỗừes curtas:

Dont smoke here = Don’t smoke here =

No

No smokingsmoking here. here.

Don’t drink and drive = Don’t drink and drive =

No

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7 Usamos o

7 Usamos o gerund gerund após o após o ‘S‘S e e adjetivo possessivo

adjetivo possessivo (formal), (formal), pronome oblíquo

pronome oblíquo (informal) (informal)

Kátia insisted on

Kátia insisted on Marcelo’sMarcelo’s playingplaying with with us.

us.

Kátia insisted on

Kátia insisted on hishis playingplaying with us. with us. Kátia insisted on

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8 Após

8 Após números ordinaisnúmeros ordinais && para indicar para indicar finalidade

finalidade:: He was

He was the firstthe first runner runner

to arriveto arrive.. I came to school

I came to school to learnto learn.. She works

She works in orderin order to be able to travel a lot.to be able to travel a lot.

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9 Usamos o simple infinitive / bare infinitive

(infinitivo sem o TO) após os verbos

(infinitivo sem o TO) após os verbos letlet, , make

make e e havehave..

She is

She is makingmaking him him

retype

retype the report. the report. The teacher

The teacher letlet me me leaveleave earlier. earlier. My mother

My mother hadhad me me dodo the dishes. the dishes.

Obs.: O verbo

Obs.: O verbo HELPHELP pode ser seguido de pode ser seguido de infinitivo infinitivo com ou sem o TO

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10 Alguns verbos podem ser

10 Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos seguidos de gerund ou infinitive

de gerund ou infinitive, , sem sem alteraỗóo de sentido

alteraỗóo de sentido..

Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa startedstarted to liveto live//livingliving in the in the slums of Calcutta from 1948.

slums of Calcutta from 1948.

Though she faced many problems, Mother

Teresa

Teresa continuedcontinued to workto work//workingworking for for the poor.

the poor.

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11 Alguns verbos podem ser

11 Alguns verbos podem ser seguidos deseguidos de

gerund ou infinitive

gerund ou infinitive, PORẫM, , PORẫM, com diferenỗa com diferenỗa de sentido

de sentido.. She

She stoppedstopped smokingsmoking = (Ela não fuma mais.) = (Ela não fuma mais.) She

She stoppedstopped to smoketo smoke = (Ela parou de fazer = (Ela parou de fazer algo para fumar.)

algo para fumar.)

He

He rememberedremembered to turn offto turn off the TV = (Ele se the TV = (Ele se lembrou de desligar a TV.)

lembrou de desligar a TV.)

He

He rememberedremembered turning offturning off the TV = the TV =

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Summary table for

to-infinitive and gerund

To infinitive To infinitive 1 Use as subject 1 Use as subject

Eg:

Eg: To smokeTo smoke is bad for you is bad for you

2 To say To say whywhy we things we things

(purpose)

Eg: I got up early

Eg: I got up early to catchto catch the the 7am train

7am train

3 After some verbs

3 After some verbs (eg: expect, (eg: expect, afford, want, need, prepare, refuse, choose, afford, want, need, prepare, refuse, choose, fail, learn, promise, hesitate etc)

fail, learn, promise, hesitate etc)

Eg: I

Eg: I expect toexpect to pass the exams pass the exams

Gerund (-ing forms) Gerund (-ing forms) 1 Use as subject

1 Use as subject (more common)(more common)

Eg:

Eg: SmokingSmoking is bad for you is bad for you

2 After prepositions

2 After prepositions (on, in, (on, in, before, for, without, after…etc.)

before, for, without, after…etc.)

Eg: You can’t live

Eg: You can’t live without eatingwithout eating Eg: Thank you

Eg: Thank you for listeningfor listening

3 After some verbs

3 After some verbs (eg: dislike, (eg: dislike, enjoy, practise, mind, avoid, consider,

enjoy, practise, mind, avoid, consider, discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep, discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep, can’t help…etc)

can’t help…etc)

Eg: I’ll

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4 After some adjectives 4 After some adjectives

and nouns

and nouns.(.(adjadj=easy, happy, =easy, happy, glad, nice, excited, ready, difficult,

glad, nice, excited, ready, difficult,

dangerous etc;

dangerous etc; noun noun = = workwork, , moneymoney to spend,

to spend, somethingsomething to drink, different to drink, different ways

ways to protect her.…etc) to protect her.…etc)

Eg: She is

Eg: She is readyready to to leave leave (adj)

(adj)

Eg: I am

Eg: I am gladglad to to see you see you (adj)

(adj)

Eg: I’ve got

Eg: I’ve got workwork to to (n)

(n)

5 Some verbs can be 5 Some verbs can be

followed by either followed by either

gerund or to-infinitive gerund or to-infinitive

Eg: I

Eg: I love goinglove going to school/ to school/

I I love to golove to go to school to school

4 After phrasal verbs 4 After phrasal verbs

Eg: I am not

Eg: I am not good at good at dancing

dancing Eg: I am not

Eg: I am not interested ininterested in singing

singing Eg: John will

Eg: John will give upgive up smoking

smoking

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6 Used in

6 Used in general sensegeneral sense (eg: love, like, hate,

(eg: love, like, hate,

prefer etc)

Eg: I like swimming

* Some words can use

both to-infinitive and

gerund with the same

meaning

meaning (eg: love, like, (eg: love, like,

begin, start, intend, continue etc)

* Some words can use both

to-infinitive and gerund

with different meaning

(Eg: remember, try etc)

6 Used in

6 Used in particular situationsparticular situations Eg: I don’t like swimming

Eg: I don’t like swimming on on cold days.

cold days.

7 No + gerund

Eg: No money, no talking. Eg: No money, no talking.

8 Stop + gerund.

Eg: Stop talking, stop Eg: Stop talking, stop

writing, stop walking… writing, stop walking…

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Exercises Exercises

http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.infing.i.htm http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.infing.i.htm

1

1 There's absolutely no point in it now It's far too There's absolutely no point in it now It's far too late (to do)

late (to do)

DOINGDOING

2

2 Betty refused something more formal (to wear)Betty refused something more formal (to wear)

TO WEARTO WEAR

3

3 Did you remember _ all the lights? (to turn Did you remember _ all the lights? (to turn off)

off)

TO TURN OFFTO TURN OFF

4

4 Do you mind the cat while we're away? (to Do you mind the cat while we're away? (to look after)

look after)

LOOKING AFTERLOOKING AFTER

5

5 She's not used to on Saturdays (to work)She's not used to on Saturdays (to work)

WORKINGWORKING

6

6 Blast! I forgot _ the milk (to buy)Blast! I forgot _ the milk (to buy)

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7

7 They offered _ me to the airport.(to take)They offered _ me to the airport.(to take)

TO TAKETO TAKE

8

8 Old cars cost a bomb to maintain It's worth Old cars cost a bomb to maintain It's worth a new one.(to buy)

a new one.(to buy)

BUYINGBUYING

9.

9. We prefer _ on Friday nights.(to stay in) We prefer _ on Friday nights.(to stay in)

TO STAY / STAYING INTO STAY / STAYING IN

10.

10. We used to football every Friday after school We used to football every Friday after school (to play)

(to play)

PLAYPLAY

11

11 I must avoid there for a while (to go)I must avoid there for a while (to go)

GOINGGOING

12

12 She likes _ to the theatre (to go)She likes _ to the theatre (to go)

GOING/TO GOGOING/TO GO

13.

13. Before the house, I always double check Before the house, I always double check everything (to leave)

everything (to leave)

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14

14 After an exam, I normally go a bit crazy.(to After an exam, I normally go a bit crazy.(to take)

take)

TAKINGTAKING

15

15 I can't stand all week-end (to stay in)I can't stand all week-end (to stay in)

STAYING INSTAYING IN

16

16 Look! I'm pretending a dog Woof! (to be)Look! I'm pretending a dog Woof! (to be)

TO BETO BE

17

17 Would you like _ tonight? (to go out)Would you like _ tonight? (to go out)

TO GO OUTTO GO OUT

18.

18. Nobody wanted me the guitar (to play) Nobody wanted me the guitar (to play)

TO PLAYTO PLAY

19

19 It started (to snow)It started (to snow)

TO SNOW/ SNOWINGTO SNOW/ SNOWING

20

20 What time have we arranged _ ? (to meet)What time have we arranged _ ? (to meet)

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CONGRATULATIONS!!!