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The following information is for FCC compliance of Class A devices: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense. The following information is for FCC compliance of Class B devices: The equipment described in this manual generates and may radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed in accordance with Cisco’s installation instructions, it may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in part 15 of the FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. You can determine whether your equipment is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the Cisco equipment or one of its peripheral devices. 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All other brands, names, or trademarks mentioned in this document or Web site are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0104R) This Document is strictly controlled through the Cisco Learning Partner license agreement. Accordingly, do not copy, print or distribute this preliminary document. Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks, Revision 1.2: Student Guide Copyright  2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Copyright  2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. Building Scalable Cisco Internetworking v Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 1-1 Overview 1-1 Course Objectives 1-2 Course Objectives (cont.) 1-3 Course Topics 1-4 Prerequisites 1-5 Participant Role 1-8 General Administration 1-10 Sources of Information 1-11 Course Syllabus 1-12 Graphic Symbols 1-14 ROUTING PRINCIPLES 2-1 Overview 2-1 Objectives 2-2 Classful Routing Protocol Overview 2-3 Classless Routing Overview 2-6 Distance Vector Operation 2-9 Link-State Operation 2-10 Written Exercise: Comparing Routing Protocols 2-29 Objective 2-29 Task 2-29 Completion Criteria 2-30 Summary 2-31 Review Questions 2-32 EXTENDING IP ADDRESSES 3-1 Overview 3-1 Objectives 3-2 IP Addressing Issues 3-3 IP Addressing Solutions 3-4 Hierarchical Addressing 3-9 VLSMs 3-11 Written Exercise 1: Calculating VLSMs 3-14 Objective 3-14 Task 3-14 Completion Criteria 3-14 Route Summarization 3-15 Written Exercise 2: Using Route Summarization 3-25 Objective 3-25 Click Here to Post Review Comments vi Building Scalable Cisco Internetworking Copyright  2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. Task 1 3-25 Task 2 3-26 Completion Criteria 3-26 Classless Interdomain Routing 3-27 Summary 3-29 Review Questions 3-30 CONFIGURING EIGRP 4-1 Overview 4-1 Outline 4-1 Objectives 4-2 EIGRP Overview 4-4 EIGRP Operation 4-13 Written Exercise: EIGRP Overview 4-34 Objective 4-34 Task 4-34 Completion Criteria 4-34 Configuring EIGRP 4-35 Using EIGRP in Scalable Internetworks 4-54 Verifying EIGRP Operation 4-69 Summary 4-71 Review Questions 4-73 CONFIGURING OSPF IN A SINGLE AREA 5-1 Overview 5-1 Objectives 5-2 Objectives (cont.) 5-3 OSPF Overview 5-4 OSPF Terminology 5-7 OSPF Operation 5-9 OSPF Operation in a Broadcast Multiaccess Topology 5-10 OSPF Operation in a Point-to-Point Topology 5-21 OSPF Operation in an NBMA Topology 5-22 Written Exercise: OSPF Operation 5-34 Objective 5-34 Task 5-34 Completion Criteria 5-35 Configuring OSPF in a Single Area 5-36 Verifying OSPF Operation 5-48 Summary 5-57 Summary (cont.) 5-58 Review Questions 5-59 INTERCONNECTING MULTIPLE OSPF AREAS 6-1 Overview 6-1 Objectives 6-2 Objectives (cont.) 6-3 Copyright  2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. Building Scalable Cisco Internetworking vii Creating Multiple OSPF Areas 6-4 Routing Table Results with Different Areas 6-14 OSPF Operation Across Multiple Areas 6-15 Virtual Links Overview 6-18 Written Exercise: OSPF Operation Across Multiple Areas 6-20 Objective 6-20 Task 6-20 Completion Criteria 6-21 Using and Configuring OSPF Multiarea Components 6-22 Verifying OSPF Operation 6-40 Summary 6-42 Summary (cont.) 6-43 Review Questions 6-44 CONFIGURING IS-IS PROTOCOL 7-1 Overview 7-1 Objectives 7-2 Introduction to OSI Protocols and IS-IS Routing 7-3 Operation of IS-IS 7-28 IP and OSI Routing with Integrated IS-IS 7-53 Basic Integrated IS-IS Router Configuration 7-69 Modeling WAN Networks in Integrated IS-IS 7-83 Summary 7-97 Review Questions 7-97 OPTIMIZING ROUTING UPDATE OPERATION 8-1 Overview 8-1 Objectives 8-2 Objectives (cont.) 8-3 Redistribution Between Multiple Routing Protocols 8-4 Configuring Redistribution 8-12 Controlling Routing Update Traffic 8-27 Verifying Redistribution Operation 8-41 Written Exercise: Redistribution and Controlling Routing Update Traffic 8-43 Objectives 8-43 Task 8-43 Completion Criteria 8-44 Policy-Based Routing Using Route Maps 8-45 Verifying Policy-Based Routing 8-58 Summary 8-62 Summary (cont.) 8-63 Review Questions 8-64 Review Questions (cont.) 8-65 CONFIGURING BASIC BGP 9-1 Overview 9-1 Objectives 9-2 BGP Overview 9-4 viii Building Scalable Cisco Internetworking Copyright  2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. When Not to Use BGP 9-10 BGP Terminology 9-14 BGP Operation 9-38 Written Exercise: BGP Terminology and Operation 9-44 Objectives 9-44 Task 9-44 Completion Criteria 9-45 Configuring BGP 9-46 Verifying BGP 9-57 Summary 9-62 Review Questions 9-64 IMPLEMENTING BGP IN SCALABLE NETWORKS 10-1 Overview 10-1 Objectives 10-2 Objectives (cont.) 10-3 Scalability Problems with IBGP 10-4 Route Reflectors 10-7 Policy Control 10-17 Written Exercise: BGP Route Reflectors and Policy Control 10-28 Objectives 10-28 Task 10-28 Completion Criteria 10-29 Multihoming 10-30 Redistribution with IGPs 10-45 Summary 10-52 Summary (cont.) 10-53 Review Questions 10-54 JOB AIDS AND SUPPLEMENTS A-1 Overview A-1 Extending IP Addresses A-2 Job Aids A-3 IP Addresses and Subnetting A-3 Decimal-to-Binary Conversion Chart A-4 Binary A-4 Supplement 1: Addressing Review A-5 Supplement 2: IP Access Lists A-16 Supplement 3: IP Features A-56 Using IP Unnumbered Interfaces A-56 Using Helper Addresses A-59 Supplement 4: EIGRP A-66 Supplement 5: OSPF A-70 Supplement 6: Route Optimization A-85 Supplement 7: BGP A-109 ROUTER PASSWORD RECOVERY B-1 Overview B-1 Copyright  2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. Building Scalable Cisco Internetworking ix Router Password Recovery Procedure B-2 ANSWERS C-1 Overview C-1 Chapter 2 Exercises C-2 Answers to Written Exercise: Comparing Routing Protocols C-2 Answers to Review Questions C-3 Chapter 3 Exercises C-4 Answers to Written Exercise: Calculating VLSMs C-4 Answers to Written Exercises: Using Route Summarization C-5 Answers to Review Questions C-5 Chapter 4 Exercises C-6 Answers to Written Exercise: EIGRP Overview C-6 Answers to Review Questions C-7 Chapter 5 Exercises C-8 Answers to Written Exercise: OSPF Operation C-8 Answers to Review Questions C-9 Chapter 6 Exercises C-10 Answers to Written Exercise: OSPF Operation Across Multiple Areas C-10 Answers to Review Questions C-11 Chapter 7 C-13 Answers To Review Questions 13 Answers to Written Exercise: Redistribution and Controlling Routing Update Traffic C-15 Answers To Review Questions C-16 Chapter 9 Exercises C-18 Answers to Written Exercise: BGP Terminology and Operation C-18 Answers to Review Questions C-19 Chapter 10 Exercises C-21 Answers to Written Exercise: BGP Route Reflectors and Policy Control C-21 Answers to Review Questions C-22 Appendix A Exercises C-23 Answers to Extending IP Addressing Written Exercise: Calculating Subnet Masks C-23 Answers to IP Access Lists Written Exercise: IP Extended Access Lists C-24 Answers to Review Questions C-24 Laboratory Exercises Written Questions C-25 Laboratory Exercise 1: Configuring EIGRP C-25 Laboratory Exercise 2: Configuring OSPF for a Single Area C-25 Laboratory Exercise 3: Configuring OSPF for a Single Area in an NBMA Environment C-25 Laboratory Exercise 4: Configuring a Multiarea OSPF Network C-26 Laboratory Exercise 5: Configuring a Multiarea IS-IS Network C-26 Laboratory Exercise 6: Configuring Policy-Based Routing C-26 Laboratory Exercise 7: Configuring Route Redistribution between OSPF and EIGRP C-27 Laboratory Exercise 8: Configuring BGP C-27 Laboratory Exercise 9: Configuring BGP Route Reflectors and Prefix-List Filtering C-27 Laboratory Exercise 10: Configuring Multihomed BGP C-27 Laboratory Exercise 12: Super Lab Part I and Part II C-27 LABORATORY EXERCISES D-1 x Building Scalable Cisco Internetworking Copyright  2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. Introduction D-1 Laboratory Exercise 1: Configuring EIGRP D-2 Objectives D-2 Visual Objective D-3 Command List D-3 Setup D-4 Scenario D-4 Task 1: Enabling EIGRP Within Your Pod D-6 Task 2: Enabling EIGRP Connectivity to the backbone_r1 Router D-7 Completion Criteria D-9 Student Notes D-10 Laboratory Exercise 2: Configuring OSPF for a Single Area D-11 Objectives D-11 Visual Objective D-11 Command List D-12 Setup D-12 Scenario D-12 Task 1: Enabling OSPF Within Your Pod D-13 Task 2: Enabling OSPF Connectivity to the Backbone_r1 Router D-15 Completion Criteria D-16 Student Notes D-17 Laboratory Exercise 3: Configuring OSPF for a Single Area in an NBMA Environment D-18 Objectives D-18 Visual Objective D-19 Command List D-20 Setup D-20 Scenario D-20 Task 1: Creating the Frame Relay Switch D-21 Task 2: Enabling OSPF Over an NBMA Network Using a Main Interface D-22 Task 3: Enabling OSPF Over an NBMA Network Using a Point-to-Point Subinterface D-23 Completion Criteria D-23 Student Notes D-24 Laboratory Exercise 4: Configuring a Multiarea OSPF Network D-25 Objectives D-25 Visual Objective D-26 Command List D-27 Setup D-28 Scenario D-29 Task 1: Enabling OSPF with Multiple Areas and Area Summarization D-29 Task 2: Enabling OSPF Stub Area D-31 Task 3: Enabling an OSPF Totally Stubby Area D-31 Task 4: Enabling OSPF Not-So-Stubby Area (Optional) D-32 Task 5: Enabling an OSPF Virtual Link to Support an OSPF Area not Connected to Area 0 (Optional) D-35 Completion Criteria D-37 Student Notes D-38 Laboratory Exercise 5: Configuring a Multiarea IS-IS Network D-39 Objectives D-39 Visual Objective D-40 Command List D-41 router isis D-41 router isis D-42 Setup D-42 Scenario D-42 [...]... 120 7-12 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v1.2 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc OSI Network Services—IS-IS Routing Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) is a dynamic link-state routing protocol in ISO CLNS environment for routing CLNP • Link-state routing protocol in the OSI stack Alternative to IS-IS protocols is deploying CISCO ISO-IGRP or static routing © 2001, Cisco Systems,... system” (IS) refers to a router These terms are the basis for the OSI ES-IS and IS-IS protocols 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 7-6 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v1.2 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc OSI Protocol Suite and its Mapping to the OSI Reference Model © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc BSCI v1.2 — 7-8 Insert Slide here 75 76 77 The OSI protocol suite supports numerous standard protocols... service (QoS) selection 54 n Addressing 46 47 7-4 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v1.2 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc OSI Protocols (cont.) The OSI protocol suite supports: • Numerous standard protocols at each layer of the OSI reference model • OSI network-layer hierarchical addressing • Two routing protocols at the network layer © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc BSCI v1.2 — 7-6 Insert Slide... least 1000) can reside in a single area This capability makes IS-IS more scalable than OSPF IS-IS allows a more flexible approach to extending the backbone Adding further level-2 routers can extend the backbone And this process is less complex than with OSPF 7-16 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v1.2 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc Integrated IS-IS vs OSPF— (cont.) Resource usage •... header 176 177 183 7-18 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v1.2 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc IS-IS NSAP Address—Structure IS-IS (ISO/IEC 10589) distinguishes only three fields in NSAP address: • Area Address: variable-length field composed of high-order octets, excluding System ID and SEL • System ID: ES or IS identifier in an area; fixed length of 6 octets in Cisco IOS • NSEL: N-selector,... Area = 39.0f01.0002 262 — System ID = 0000.0c00.1111 263 — N-Selector = 00 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc Configuring IS-IS Protocol 7-23 264 n By ISO-IGRP: 265 — Domain = 39.0f01 266 — Area = 0002 267 — System ID = 0000.0c00.1111 7-24 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v1.2 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc ... exchange protocol 141 Additionally, the function of Integrated IS-IS - the use of OSI IS-IS for routing in TCP/IP and dual environments - is described in RFC 1195 142 7-14 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v1.2 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc Integrated IS-IS vs OSPF Integrated IS-IS is an extended version of IS-IS for mixed ISO CLNS and IP environments • Integrated IS-IS (RFC 1195) represents... Connection-Oriented Network Protocol (CONP) name the protocols that these services use to convey data at the network layer CLNP is the OSI equivalent of IP 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 7-8 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v1.2 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc OSI Network Services— Connection-Oriented Mode CMNS/CONP: • CONP is an OSI network-layer protocol that carries upper-layer data and error indications... guarantee exists that data will not be lost, corrupted, misordered, or duplicated CLNS relies on transport-layer protocols to perform error detection and correction 7-10 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v1.2 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc OSI Network Services—Routing Protocols ISO has developed standards for two types of protocols: • ES-IS dicovery protocols: “routing” between End Systems... information based on domain (variable length), area (length fixed by the protocol at 2 bytes), and finally by System ID (fixed at 6 bytes) The NSEL is not used by ISO-IGRP 7-20 Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) v1.2 Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc OSI Addressing— Network Entity Title • Network Service Access Point (NSAP)—address which (at the network layer) includes a service identifier (“protocol . marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert Logo, Cisco IOS, the Cisco IOS logo, Cisco. distribute this preliminary document. Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks, Revision 1.2: Student Guide Copyright  2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.