Nn nail noun 1on the fingers/toes • ADJ long I short I sharp I healthy, strong I brittle I broken I manicured, well-kept I painted, polished (Seealso fingernail and toenail.) • VERB + NAIL bite, chew I do, manicure Do your nails after your bath as they will be softer. I scrub I clip, cut, trim I file I paint, polish, varnish I dig He screamed as she dug her nails into his shoulders. • NAIL + VERB break, split I bite/dig into sth • NAIL + NOUN brush I clippers, scissors I file I pol- ish, varnish • PREP. under your- There was dirt under his nails. 2 piece of metal • ADJ. long I small I six-inch, etc. I loose I protrud- ing I bent I rusty I brass, iron, etc. I masonry, uphol- stery, wood • VERB + NAIL drive (in), hammer (in), knock (in) I pull out, remove • NAIL + NOUN head I hole I bomb nail varnish (also nail polish) noun • ADJ. chipped, cracked • VERB + NAIL VARNISH have on, wear She wore red nail varnish. I apply, put on I remove, take off naive adj. • VERBS appear, be, prove, seem, sound I regard sth as He regarded the move aspolitically naive. • ADV. extremely, incredibly, very I a bit, fairly, a little, rather, slightly, somewhat I politically naked adj. • VERBS appear, be, feel, go around, lie, look, stand Never had hefelt so completely naked. 0 He lay naked on the bed. I strip She quickly stripped naked. I strip sb I leave sb She had been left naked and alone. I find sb • ADY. completely, entirely, quite, stark, totally She realized with a shock that she was stark naked. I almost, nearly, virtually I half I suggest you don't make a habit of going around half naked. name noun 1word/words sb/sth is known by • ADJ. Christian, first, given I middle, second I family, last (see also surname) I married I maiden I full His full name was William Augustus Grove. I proper, real I pet She insisted on being called by her full name 'Clementia' rather than the pet name 'Clemmey'. (see also nickname) I assumed, false I official I joint The ac- count is in joint names. I common 'Smith' is a very com- mon family name. I double-barrelled, hyphenated I strange-sounding I personal The village of Low Catton takes its name from the Old English personal name 'Catta'. I pen-, professional, stage George Eliot was a pen-name; her real name was Mary Ann Evans. (see also pseudonym) I brand, proprietary, trade I company I code I file I place, street • VERB + NAME have Have you got a middle name? I bear, carry The Juliati calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar and hence carries his name. I be known by, go by The island is more commonly known by the name 'Krakatoa', oHegoes by the name of Jonno. I use She uses a different name in her professional life. I acquire, get, obtain The Brtuiy bill acquired its name from its best- known sponsor, James Brady. I adopt, assume, take He was electedPope in 1978 and took the name of JohnPaulIl I keep She decided to keep her maiden name for profes- sional purposes. I abandon I change I carry on He wanted an heir to carry on the family name. I immortalize His name was immortalized in 1992 when he scored three goals in the space of five minutes. I choose, decide on/upon I give sb/sth She was given the name Maria, after her grandmother. I give sb, name, pass on Detectives believe that a hitman was sent tosilence the wit- ness before he could name names (= give evidence to the court/police). I call sb/sth by Please call me by my first name. I call sb -s Stop calling me names (= stop saying rude/Insulting things about me)! I call (out) Somebody called out her name from below. I mention We cannot mention the suspect's name for legal reasons. I drop She found him rather irritating to talk to;all he did was drop names (= mention the names of famous people he knew or had met in order to impress her). I invoke He invoked the name of Freud in support of his argument. I ask (sb) I asked him his name. I hear Tve heard that name men- tioned before. I know How do you know my name? I re- member I print, sign, write I spell I enter, put down Have you put your name down for (= applied to take part in) the school quiz? I put forward They put his name for- ward (= chose him) as one of the five candidates for the post. • NAME + VERB appear The name of the artist appears on the vase. I imply sth, suggest sth As the name implies, Oxford was the place at which oxen could ford the river. I mean sth I ring a bell (figurative) 'Does that name mean anything toyou (= do you recognize it)?' 'Yes,it does ring a bell (= it is familiar).' • NAME + NOUN badge, plate • PREP. by - The head teacher knows every child in the school by name. by the - of an actor by the name of Tom Rees in sb/sth's - The tickets were booked in the name of McLean. <> I arrest you in the name (= on the authority) of the law. under a/the - The room was booked under (= using) afalse name. I -for/of The common name for the flower is 'pineapple lily'. • PHRASES a change of name, give your name to sth The invading Franks gave their name to the country in which they settled. name and address, names and faces I have a bad memory for names and faces. put a name to sb/sth Nobody puts their name to a business (= uses their name for the name of a business) they are not proud oj take sb's name in vain Have you been taking my name in vain (= showing lack of respect when using my name)? 2 reputation • ADJ. big I good I bad • VERB + NAME have I become She has become a big name in documentary photography. I make He made his name writing travel books. <> She's made quite a name for herself. I acquire, get The area got a bad name after a ser- ies of nasty murders. I protect They tried to protect the good name of the college. I give sb This kind of behaviour gives students a bad name. I blacken, damage The riots after the match only served to blacken the name offootball. • PREP. -for The company has a namefor reliability. '. PHRASES sb's name is mud If you tell our secret your name will bemud (= you will not be popular) round here. 3famous person/thing • ADJ. big, famous, household, well-known They are a big name in the world of rock music. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. name verb (often be named) • ADV originally I appropriately, aptly, suitably, well I significantly I correctly, incorrectly The present Kew Bridge was opened by King Edward VII and is correctly named 'King Edward Bridge'. I curiously, delightfully, exotically, grandly, improbably, oddly, quaintly, roman- tically, strangely, wonderfully the curiously named Egg Castle I confusingly I euphemistically I ironically • PREP. after Inamed my son after myfathen iortliteraryv the dead sister for whom she had been named in honour of sb/sth The hospital was named in honour of its principal benefactor nanny noun • ADJ. live-in I qualified, trained • PREP. - to She was taken on as a nanny to their two small children. c>Note at roa nap noun • ADJ. brief, little, quick, short I afternoon, morning I cat (also catnap) If you have difficulty sleeping at night, avoid taking catnaps during the day. I power A ten- minute power nap can boostyour productivity. • VERB + NAP have, take I had a short nap after lunch. napkin noun • ADJ. clean I folded I dinner I table She dabbed her mouth with her table napkin. I damask, linen, paper • VERB + NAPKIN fold I unfold I tuck He tucked his napkin under his chin. I dab sth with, wipe sth on/with • NAPKIN + NOUN ringnapkinringsmadeofsilver nappy noun • ADJ. clean I wet I dirty, soiled I disposable I wash- able I cloth, terry • VERB + NAPPY have on, wear I change I put on I remove, take off I wash I dispose of • NAPPY + NOUN change, changing I liner I pin I rash • PREP. in- Isn't he rather old to bestill in nappies? c>Specialpage at CLOTHES narcotic noun • ADJ. mild, powerful • VERB + NARCOTIC inject, use I trade in He has been arrested for trading in narcotics. • NARCOTIC + NOUN agent, officer, official, squad cc:> Note at DRUG (for more verbs and nouns) narrative noun • ADJ. popular I coherent I simple, straightforward I complex, detailed I chronological, sequential I first- person, second-person, third-person The book is writ- ten in the style offirst-person. narrative. I fictional, prose I film I historical I biblical • VERB + NARRATIVE construct, create, develop, pro- duce It's difficult to construct a narrative out of a series of fast-moving events. I interrupt The author interrupts her narrative to tell us that the ideafor the book had not been well received. • NARRATIVE + VERB be based on sth • NARRATIVE + NOUN form, style, technique I frame- work, structure I flow interruptions to the narrative flow I content I passage, sequence, text • PREP. in a/the - events in the narrative narrow verb 1of a road/river/gap/range • ADV considerably I a bit, a little, slightly The river narrows a little here. I sharply The gap between the two 517 nation parties narrowed sharply in the days before the election. I steadily • PREP. to By the final round the gap had narrowed to three votes. 20f eyes • ADV. fractionally, slightly Though her eyes narrowed fractionally, she made no comment. I suddenly I danger- ously, shrewdly, speculatively, suspiciously, thought- fully The blue eyes narrowed tnouglufuily. • PREP. against Her eyes narrowed against the sun. at His eyes suddenly narrowed at the sight of her. to His eyes narrowed to slits. with His eyes narrowed with suspicion. narroWadj. 1 not wide • VERBS be, look, seem I become, get • ADV. extremely, very I a bit, fairly, quite, rather, rela- tively The pass gets quite narrow towards the east. 2 limited • VERBS be, seem I become • ADV. excessively, extremely, peculiarly, very I in- creasingly I comparatively, fairly, quite, rather, rela- tively, somewhat • PREP. in people who are rather narrow in outlook nastyadj. • VERBS be, look, smell, sound, taste He made it all sound very nasty. I become, get, turn Things could turn nasty (= dangerous) if we're not careful. • ADV extremely, particularly, really, very I thorough- ly gang warfare of a thoroughly nasty kind I pretty, quite, rather • PREP. about She was nasty about everyone. to Kevin seems to enjoy being nasty tohis sisters. • PHRASES cheap and nasty a room full of cheap and nasty ornaments nasty little a nasty little man nation noun • ADJ. large I little, small I major I great, leading, powerful, strong I advanced, developed, industrial, in- dustrialized I developing, emergent, emerging, less- developed, Third World I affluent, prosperous, rich, wealthy the richest nation on earth I poor I civilized I backward I new I young I ancient, old I free, inde- pendent, sovereign I democratic I capitalist I united I divided I entire, whole The entire nation mourned her death. I foreign I Western the imperialist expansion of Western nations in the 1880s I Arab, European, French, etc. I maritime, oil-producing, trading I nuclear I creditor, debtor In 1950 the UK was the world's largest debtor nation and the US the largest creditor. I host France was host nation for the 1998 World Cup. I member the member nations of the UN • VERB + NATION create They wanted to create a new nation. I unite The fight against terrorism seemed to unite the nation. I divide I govern, lead I shock the sav- age murder that shocked the nation • NATION + NOUN building The biggest task of the gov- ernment was to address national unity and nation build- ing. I state • PREP. across a/the - swings in public opinion across the nation among - economic inequality among the na- tions of the world in/within a/the- In the nation as a whole there is no desire for war. I - of They are a nation offood lovers. • PHRASES the birth of a nation, the interests of a na- tion, the life of a nation They hoped that the exhibition would enhance the cultural life of the nation. the nation as a whole, the nation at large The new economic policies were in the best interests of the nation at large. the nations of the world Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. nationalism nationalism noun • ADJ. aggressive, extreme, fierce, militant, revolution- ary I popular I conservative, radical I secular I black I cultural, economic, political, racial • PHRASES the growth of nationalism, the resur- gence/revival of nationalism, the rise in nationalism, a tide of nationalism a tide of militant nationalism nationalist noun • ADJ. ardent I extreme, hard-line, radical I militant I moderate I left-wing, liberal I conservative, right-wing I veteran I former I local I Basque, Irish, etc. I Afri- can, black • NATIONALIST + NOUN leader I forces, troops I up- rising leading a nationalist uprising nationalistic adj. • VERBS be I become I remain • ADV. fiercely, intensely, strongly I increasingly nationality noun • ADJ. various cultural differences among various na- tionalities I mixed teams of mixed nationality I dual He has dual British and South African nationality. I foreign I minority I Argentinian, etc. • VERB + NATIONALITY have I acquire, adopt, as- sume, obtain, take She is hoping to adopt Australian nationality. I inherit I retain I change I give up, re- nounce I lose I grant sb I refuse sb • NATIONALITY + VERB be represented About 30 na- tionalities wererepresented at the tournament. • PHRASES on (the) grounds of nationality He accused them of discrimination on the grounds of nationality. natural adj. 1not made by people • VERBS beAllthefibresarenatural. • ADV. completely completely natural materials 2 usuallnormal • VERBS be, feel, look, seem, sound • ADV. only, perfectly, quite It's only natural that she should feel upset. I fairly nature noun 1the physical world; plants, animals, etc. • ADJ. Mother Mother Nature had served up some ter- rible weatherfor their cruise. • VERB + NATURE commune with He believed in spend- ing half an hour each day to relax and commune with na- ture. I be/get back to Webuilt our house in the country be- cause we wanted to get back (= be close) to nature. I be found in man-made substances notfound in nature • NATURE + VERB endow (sb with) sth Nature had endowed her with exceptional vitality. I produce sth It's unlikely that this gully was produced by nature. • NATURE + NOUN conservation I reserve I trail • PREP. close to - people who live in the country and are close tonature in- Weappreciate beauty in nature. • PHRASES the forces of nature, the laws of nature, a love of nature His love of nature was expressed through his wildlife paintings. 2 qualities/features of sb/sth • ADJ. basic, essential, fundamental, intrinsic, real, true I artificial I exact, precise, specific I'tti not clear about the exact nature of their relationship. I general I selective I limited, restrictive I changing, seasonal, temporary, transitory I uncertain, unpredictable I ar- bitrary, random I subjective the subjective nature of an odour I abstract I capricious, fickle I intractable I dis- tinctive, unusual I radical I complex I special, spe- 518 cialist I traditional I controversial I contradictory I problematic I unsatisfactory the unsatisfactory nature of the meeting I good People are always taking advan- tage of her good nature (= her kindness). I human It's only human nature to want more money. I divine I confi- dential, personal, private I public I international, local the international nature of the business I repetitive I routine matters of a routine nature I detailed Because of the detailed nature of the work, I have to use a very fine brush. I practical I physical, psychological, sexual They define sexual harassment as unwanted conduct of a sexual nature. I economic, legal, political, social Their problems are of an economic nature. I contemplative I inquisitive • VERB + NATURE have He has an inquisitive nature. I reveal The parties would not reveal the exact nature of the dispute. I conceal I reflect I belie The gentle lower slopes belie the true nature of the mountain. I be contrary to, be/run against It was against his nature to tell lies. I alter, change This new information does not change the nature of our findings. I acknowledge, be aware of, rec- ognizeAreyou aware of the nature of the risks involved? I define, specify It is important to define the nature of the problem. I assess, consider, discuss, examine, ex- plore, investigate I comprehend, realize, understand I misconceive I clarify, elucidate, explain, give/offer/ provide an insight into His theory provides a remarkable insight into the nature of the British constitution. I de- scribe I determine I depend on The method employed will depend on the nature of the task. I appeal to There was nopoint appealing to her better nature (= kindness). • PREP. by - He's not by nature an inquisitive person. concerning the - a debate concerning the nature of vio- lence considering/given the - Given the nature of this matter, I am inclined to think it should be managed by you personally. in- Their strategy was essentially political in nature. in sb/sth's- It's not in his nature to complain. oA certain element of risk is in the nature of thejob. of a . - The legal concept of insanity is of a different nature from the medical. • PHRASES by its very nature By its very nature a secret service is not open topublic inspection. the extent and na- ture of sth Weneed to understand the true extent and na- ture of the problem. a part of sb's nature the expressive part of his nature 0 Her view is that aggression is part of human nature. a side of/to sb's nature He had a vicious side to his nature. nausea noun • ADJ. intense, severe I sudden I nervous • QUANT. wave I was overcome by waves of nausea. • VERB + NAUSEA experience, feel I complain of I bring on, cause I relieve • NAUSEA + VERB engulf sb, overcome sb, sweep oversb • PHRASES a feeling/sensation of nausea navigate verb • ADV. accurately, successfully Pigeons navigate less accurately when the earth's magnetic field is disturbed. 0 (figurative) Those who successfully navigate this social minefield are accepted by the royal family. • PREP. across, by These birds navigate by the sun. through learning to navigate your way through aforest • PHRASE S navigate your way navigation noun • ADJ. accurate I radio, satellite • NAVIGATION + NOUN system I aids, equipment, in- struments, lights I beacon I rights • PREP. - through (often figurative) navigation through complex documents Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. • PHRASES an aid to navigation small boats equipped with electronic aids to navigation freedom/rights of navi- gation freedom of navigation through international waterways navy noun • ADJ. strong I merchant • VERB + NAVY have I build I serve in I join • PREP. in the- He spent tenyears in the merchant navy. • PHRASES the Royal Navy neat adj. • VERBS appear, be, look, seem I leave sth, make sth Be sure to leave the room neat and tidy. I keep sth She kept her desk extremely neat. • ADV. extremely, very I fairly, quite, rather I surpris- ingly The handwriting was surprisingly neat. • PHRASES neat and tidy necessary adj. • VERBS be, prove, seem I become I remain I make sth The cold weather has made it necessary toprotect the crops. I consider sth, feel sth, find sth, regard sth as, see sth as, think sth Make any alterations you consider necessary. o You may find it necessary to readjust the uiheelsfrom time to time. • ADV. really, strictly I was determined not to stay in hos- pital for any longer than was strictly necessary. I abso- lutely I causally, logically • PREP. for qualifications which are necessary for work with the uruier-fiues • PHRASES if necessary These measures will be en- forced, if necessary, by the army. as/when/where neces- sary Weare here togive help and support when necessary. necessity noun 1fact that sth must happen; sth that cannot be avoided • ADJ. overwhelming, sheer I absolute I fundamen- tal, vital I real I dire, pressing, urgent I immediate I strategic I logical, physical, practical The people in the rural areas use mud bricks only as an immediate, prac- tical necessity. I commercial, economic, financial, his- torical, military, political, social He argued that nuclear weapons wereapolitical necessity. • VERB + NECESSITY recognize, see She saw the neces- sity to make an immediate impression on him. I accept (sth as), be convinced of They have accepted the necessity of greater state intervention. I avoid, obviate, remove, spare I emphasize, highlight, stress Observers stressed the necessity for the ceasefire to be observed. I be born (out) of Culling of the animals was born out of the neces- sityfor successful conservation. • NECESSITY + VERB arise These animals don't like water but will swim if the necessity arises. I demand (sth) Where necessity demands, we can seat more guests in the gallery. I force sth Necessity forced an urgent solution. • PREP. of- The visit will, of necessity, be brief out of- He ischanging job out of necessity. not because heparticularly wants to. through- Most of the women areforced, through economic necessity, to work in part-time low-paid jobs. without the- of You can dial direct without the necessity of going through the operator. I -for There's no necessityfor you to come. -fo the necessity toearn a living • PHRASES any/no necessity The company sees no ne- cessityfor a more cautious approach to investment. 2sth you must have • ADJ. absolute I vital I real I urgent Policies which address these issues are an urgent necessity. I bare, basic They have nothing but the barest necessities. I daily • VERB + NECESSITY have I lack • PHRASES a necessity of life Food isa necessity of life. 519 need neck noun 1 part of the body • ADJ. long, short I beautiful, elegant I slender, slim, swan-like I scraggy, scrawny, thin I strong, thick I wrinkled I stiff I broken • VERB + NECK crane, strain I craned my neck to see I,Dhatwas happening at the head of the queue. I crick I cricked my neck playing tennis and now I can't turn round properly. I break, injure I wring He killed the chicken quickly by wringing its neck. I risk (often figurative) I'm not going to risk my neck playing rugby with you! I save (often figurative) He's out to save his own political neck (= his political career). • NECK + VERB ache • NECK + NOUN muscle I brace, collar, support She's been wearing a neck brace since her car crash. I injury • PREP. around/round your - I keep the key on a string round my neck. in the- The veins in his neck stood out like knotted rope. • PHRASES the back/nape of the neck The hairs on the back of my neck prickled uiithfear: the scruff of the neck The catpicked up her kitten by the scruff of its neck. 2 part of a piece of clothing • ADJ. high I open He wore a casual shirt with an open neck. I crew, halter, polo, roll, round, scoop, square, turtle, V need noun 1situation where sth is needed/necessary • ADJ. considerable, great, strong I special There is a special needfor well-trained teachers. I overriding, over- whelming, paramount I burning, compelling, critical, crying, desperate, dire, driving, immediate, pressing, urgent a crying needfor skilled workers <> These children are in dire need. I real I clear I basic, essential, funda- mental I sudden I constant, continuing He's in con- stant need of treatment. I growing, increasedlincreasing I reduced I possible I perceived I common our com- mon need for self-preservation I individual 1 human the human need to order existence I political, social • VERB + NEED feel, have Ifelt the need todo something. I express Several governments have expressed the need for a cautious approach to the conflict. I demonstrate, prove, show, suggest The incident proved the needfor a continuing military presence in the area. I reflect a law reflecting a need for better social conditions I create The war created a need for national unity. I address, fulfil, meet, satisfy I avoid, eliminate, obviate, remove I avoid the need to travel by plane. I reduce I be aware of, be sensitive to I accept, acknowledge, perceive, recog- nize, see I seeno need to do anything hasty. I emphasize, heighten, highlight, reaffirm, stress, underline She stressed the needfor cooperation with the authorities. I ig- nore, overlook I deny The government has denied the needfor economic reforrn: I understand I consider • NEED + VERB exist A need exists to bridge the gap be- tween theory and practice in nursing. I arise The system can beswitched to emergency power should the need arise. • PREP. in-(of) a campaign to help children in need <> The room was sorely in need of afresh coat of paint. I -for the needfor change • PHRASES any/little/no need There's no need to worry. 2sth that sb requires • ADJ. basic, essential, fundamental I particular, spe- cial, specific a school for children with special edu- cational needs I immediate, pressing I long-term I changing I conflicting I unmet I local I individual I community I customer/customer's, patient/patient's I human Energy for cooking is a basic human need. I hu- manitarian I material, physical material needs of food and drink I dietary I health care, medical I biological, bodily, emotional, physical, psychological, sexual, spir- Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. need itual I educational I political, social I business lop- erational I energy I information • VERB + NEED be responsive to, be sensitive to I ad- dress, cater for/to, cover, fulfil, meet, provide (for), re- spond to, satisfy, serve, supply a new union set up to ad- dress the needs of seasonal labourers 0 £10 a day was enough to cover all his needs. 0 Wehave now met most of the humanitarian needs of the refugees. I suit, tailor sth to The coaching is informal and tailored to individual needs. I identify I assess, consider • PHRASES needs and desires, sb's every need Our staff unll cater toyour every need. need verb • ADV. badly, desperately, really, urgently She needed some money badly. 0 Research is urgently needed into the causes of this illness. I certainly, definitely I clearly, ob- viously I just, only, simply Ljust need some information. I hardly You hardly need me to tell you that your father is still very frail and must not be upset. I not necessarily These people may need 24-hour attention, but they do not necessarily need to be in hospital. I no longer I still • VERB + NEED be going to I be expected to, be likely to, may well You may well need to look outside your pre- ferred area tofind affordable accommodation. needle noun 1 for sewing • ADJ. long I blunt I sharp I fine I darning, embroi- dery, sewing, tapestry • VERB + NEEDLE use I thread • PHRASES the eye of a needle, needle and thread She sewed it on with needle and thread. 2 for knitting • ADJ. empty I knitting • NEEDLE + VERB hold sth a needle holding two stitches 3 for drugs • ADJ. hypodermic, syringe I long I sharp I fine I clean, sterile I contaminated, infected I used • VERB + NEEDLE insert, jab (sb with), plunge, put, stick Hesaw her stick a needle into her arm. I use I share the dangers of sharing needles • NEEDLE + VERB go in The needle went in easily. • NEEDLE + NOUN tip I exchange He believes that nee- dle exchange schemes (= where drug users can change used needles for clean ones) encourage drug addiction. • PHRASES the prick of a needle 4 on a compass/instrument • ADJ. magnetized I compass • NEEDLE + VERB move The needle moved away from the wind. I point I settle Wait until the needle settles and ispointing in one direction. • PHRASES the needle of a compass 5 on a pine tree • ADJ. conifer, pine • VERB + NEEDLE drop, lose needyadj. • VERBS be, look a woman who looked needy • ADV genuinely, really, truly, very • PHRASES poor and needy helping the children of poor and needyparents negative noun 1 denial • VERB + NEGATIVE answer (sth) in, reply in She an- swered the question in the negative. 2 developed photographic film • ADJ. original I photographic I film, glass 520 • QUANT. strip • VERB + NEGATIVE produce I develop His interest in photography started with him developing negatives that hefound lying around the house. I keep Wemust assume that the spy kept the negatives. I destroy negative adj. 1 only thinking about/showing sb/sth's bad qualities • VERBS be, feel, seem, sound I become I remain • ADV distinctly, extremely, strongly, terribly, very the strongly negative implications of these survey results 0 Their attitude was terribly negative. I completely, en- tirely, exclusively, purely, totally, Wholly She spoke in en- tirely negative terms. I largely, mainly, overwhelmingly I fairly, rather, slightly, somewhat I apparently I es- sentially Critical thinking is essentially negative as it seeks to dissect and not to build. I generally • PREP. about He's been rather negative about the idea. 2 showing that sth has not happened/been found • VERBS be, prove, test The breathalyser test proved negative. oHe tested negatiuefor Hlv infection. • PREP. for The urine tests were negatiuefor protein. neglect noun • ADJ. general, total I comparative, relative I benign The eighteenth-century interior of the building has sur- vived through benign neglect. I deliberate, serious, wil- ful I physical I child The maximum penalty for child neglect is tenyears' imprisonment. • VERB + NEGLECT suffer (from) The buildings suf- fered neglect for centuries. I be guilty of The doctor was guilty of serious neglect of duty. • PREP. by - cruelty by neglect through - the suffering of children through neglect to the - of She had concentrated on her music to the neglect of her other studies. • PHRASES centuries/years of neglect After years of neglect the house is at last being restored. neglect verb • ADV. grossly, seriously I completely, entirely, total- ly, wholly I largely I conveniently (ironic), deliberately, wilfully conveniently neglecting their responsibilities I conspicuously an aspect of the problem conspicuously neglected by social scientists I hitherto, previously • VERB + NEGLECT tend to I cannot/could not afford to This sector is one of the major growth areas and we can- not afford to neglect it. • PREP. in favour of Local communities have been neg- lected infauour of private sector interests. neglected adj. 1 not given enough attention • VERBS be, feel, lie, look, remain, seem, stand His tools lay neglected in the garden. I become, get • ADV. badly, extremely, much, sadly, seriously, sore- ly, very, woefully It is a sadly neglected work. 0 The build- ing is sorely neglected. I largely I comparatively, rather, relatively, somewhat I hitherto, previously I unjustly She is an excellent and unjustly neglected author. 2 not given enough food, clothing, etc. • VERBS be, look The group of street children looked ragged and neglected. • ADV badly, grossly, severely negligence noun • ADJ. gross I contributory The plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligencefor failing to wear a crash helmet. I medical, professional I criminal • VERB + NEGLIGENCE be guilty of I accuse sb of, al- lege, claim, sue for The solicitor was accused of profes- Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. sional negligence. I deny I prove I arise from death arisingfrom negligence • NEGLIGENCE + NOUN case I claim • PREP. by - His death was brought about by negligence on the doctor's part. through - damage to company prop- erty through negligence I - in negligence in navigation • PHRASES a finding of negligence The court made a finding of contributory negligence. the result of (the) neg- ligence The accident was the result of negligence on the part of the driver. q Note at CRIME(for more verbs) negligent adj. • VERBS be, seem • ADV: extremely, grossly, seriously, very I wholly I criminally • PREP. in The hospital was negligent in the way it looked after this young man. over The courtfound him to benegli- gent over the loss of £18 million by the local authority. negligible adj. • VERBS be, seem I become • ADV. absolutely I by no means, far from Delays in the courts are far from negligible. I almost negotiate verb 1try to reach an agreement • ADV: carefully a carefully negotiated series of con- cessions I successfully I freely I individually, separate- ly Rents are individually negotiated between landlord and tenant. I jointly I directly negotiating directly with the rebels I secretly I constantly, continually The param- eters of thejob are being continually negotiated. • VERB + NEGOTIATE be able to I be prepared to, be willing to Are the employers really willing to negotiate? I attemptto, seek to, try to I manage to I help (to) • PREP. between to negotiate between the two sides for We are negotiating for the release of the prisoners. on They have refused to negotiate on this issue. on behalf of negoti- ating on behalf of Britain with I managed to negotiate suc- cessfully with the authorities. 2successfully get over/past sth • ADV: easily, safely He safely negotiated the slippery stepping stones. • VERB + NEGOTIATE be difficult to The flight of steps was quite difficult to negotiate with a heavy suitcase. negotiation noun • ADJ. difficult, lengthy, protracted I direct I success- ful I fruitless, unsuccessful I behind-the-scenes, se- cret I bilateral, multilateral I constant, continuous I delicate I detailed I serious It's timefor some serious ne- gotiation. I high-level I pay, peace, trade, wage, etc. • VERB + NEGOTIATION enter into, open I break off I resume I conduct Negotiations were conducted in secret. I conclude I be open to, be subject to Thefinal price is open to negotiation. • NEGOTIATION + VERB begin, start I continue, go on Negotiations continued all day to avert a strike. I break down, collapse • NEGOTIATION + NOUN process • PREP. by - Rents are agreed by negotiation. in - (with) She is in negotiation with other heads of state on the ques- tion of oil prices. through - The problem should be re- solved through negotiation. under - Contracts are under negotiation. I- between The alliance is the product of months of negotiation between the two parties. - of the ne- gotiation of a new contract - on international negotiations on reducing sulphur dioxide emissions - over negotiations over the number of houses to be built - with negotiations with the other side 521 nerve • PHRASES a basis for negotiation, a matter for negoti- ation, months/years of negotiation They signed the treaty after several years of negotiation. a process of ne- gotiation Compromise is reached by a process of negoti- ation. room for negotiation There is considerable room for negotiation on some of the details. q Special pageat MEETING negotiator noun • ADJ. clever, good, skilled, tough I professional, trained I chief, principal, senior the trade union's chief negotiator I union qNoteatJOB neighbour noun • ADJ. friendly, good She's beena very good neighbour to me. I close, immediate, near, next-door They are near neighbours of ours. I nearest She leaned towards her nearest neighbour and whispered something. I northern, southern, etc. England's northern neighbour now has its own parliament. • PHRASES friends and neighbours neighbourhood noun • ADJ. friendly, nice I respectable, select, smart I poor, run-down I immediate, local, surrounding They often got together with other parents in the local neigh- bourhood. I residential I middle-class, working-class I Asian, black, white, etc. I entire, whole Before long the whole neighbourhood knew about it. • VERB + NEIGHBOURHOODmove into A lot of new families have moved into the neighbourhood. • NEIGHBOURHOOD+ NOUN police, policing I school • PREP. around/round the - There were various parks around the neighbourhood. in a/the - There was a large school in the neighbourhood. outside a/the - It was a car from outside the immediate neighbourhood. nerve noun 1in the body • ADJ. sensitive, trapped I facial, optic, spinal, etc. • VERB + NERVE damage, strain, trap I'oe trapped a nerve in my spine. • NERVE + VERB go, lead, run The nerve runs from the eye to the brain. I transmit sth The nerves transmit pain. I throb He lay awake, his nerves throbbing. • NERVE + NOUN cell, end, ending, fibre, tissue I pathway I impulse I damage, injury I gas • PREP. along althe - The message travels along the nerve to the brain. I - in He's been off work with a trapped nerve in his back. - to Cutting the nerves to the stomach does not affect hunger. • PHRASES every nerve in sb's body Intense pain shot through every nerve in his body. hit a nerve, touch a (sen- sitive/raw) nerve !figurative) My remarks about divorce had unwittingly touched a raw nerve. 2 nerves mental state • ADJ. good, steady I bad, frayed, ragged, shattered, taut At the end of a day's teaching, her nerves were abso- lutely shattered. • VERB + NERVES stretch Her nerves were stretched to breaking point. • NERVES + VERB be on edge After the bomb, my nerves were on edge. I jangle His nerves jangled every time the phone rang. I stand I'ni not sure my nerves can stand another night like this. • PREP. -s for Skydiving is all rightfor people who've got the neruesjor it. • PHRASES a battle/war of nerves The union has been fighting a war of nerves with the management over pay. get on sb's nerves His endless whining really gets on my Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. nervous nerves. nerves of steel You need nerves of steel to be a good poker player. a strain on sb's nerves Looking after him while he was so ill has been a great strain on her nerves. 3 nerves nervous state • ADJ. exam, first-night I'oe never suffered from first- night nerves. • VERB + NERVES calm, control, soothe, steady She took afeui deep breaths to calm her nerves. I suffer from • PHRASES an attack of nerves I had an attack of nerves just before I went on stage. a bag/bundle/mass of nerves By the time of the interview, I was a bundle of nerves. 4 courage • ADJ. sufficient • VERB + NERVE have I didn't have the nerve to ask. I lack I lose At the last minute she almost lost her nerve. I keep He kept his nerve to win a thrilling match. I find You must find the nerve to ask for more money. I take It took a lot of nerve tostand up and speak. • NERVE + VERB break, crack, fail (sb) At the last mo- ment her neruefailed her. • PHRASES a failure/loss of nerve, a test of nerve Sing- ing infront of so many people was a real test of nerve. nervous adj. • VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem, sound Both men appeared nervous. I become, get, grow I make sb Sit down-you're making me nervous! • ADV. desperately, extremely, highly, really, very He had worked himself up into a highly nervous state. I in- creasingly I almost I a bit, a little, pretty, quite, rather, slightly, somewhat I suddenly I clearly, obviously I understandably • PREP. about nervous about the wedding at nervous at what might happen of I was slightly nervous of him. nervous breakdown noun • ADJ. complete • VERB + NERVOUSBREAKDOWN have, suffer • PHRASES the brink/edge/verge of a nervous break- down The stress of her job had brought her to the brink of a nervous breakdown. nervousness noun • ADJ. considerable, extreme, great With great nervous- ness shefollowed him. I increasing I slight I initial • VERB + NERVOUSNESSfeel I betray, show (signs of) She managed to speak without betraying her nervousness. I cover, hide She laughed to hide her nervousness. lover- come I sense I could sense his nervousness. • PREP. from - I was babbling from nervousness. out of- He found himself chattering away out of nervousness. I - about her nervousness about working with children - at Hefelt some nervousness at theprospect of meeting her. • PHRASES a sign of nervousness Adjusting your tie is often a sign ofnervousness. nest noun • ADJ. ant's, bird's, wasp's, etc. • VERB + NEST build, make I sit on The male and fe- male take turns to sit on the nest. I fly, leave The young ones haoefloum the nest. • NEST + NOUN site The male uses song to attract a fe- male to his nest site. I hole • PREP. away from a/the - A rat took the egg while the mother was away from the nest. in/inside a/the - The snake will attack if disturbed inside its nest. on a/the- The female spends all her time on the nest. 522 nestle verb • ADV. comfortably, safely • PREP. against She sat back, nestling against his chest. among The town nestles comfortably among the hills. between, in a tiny village nestling in a valley net noun • ADJ. fine, fine-mesh I safety I fishing I mosquito • VERB + NET mend Thefishermen were mending their nets. I cast, spread (out) I haul in I slip through (often figurative) Wetried to contact all former students but one or two slipped through the net. • PREP. in a/the - Unfortunately the animals are often caught in fishing nets. into a/the - The ball went into the net. over the- to hit the ball over the net nettle noun • ADJ. stinging I dead (= avariety that does not sting) • Q.UANT.clump, patch • VERB + NETTLE cut (down), get rid of • NETTLE + VERB grow I sting I spread The nettles had spread and now covered half the garden. • PREP. in (the)-s There was an old car half buried in the nettles. on -s The butterflies lay their eggs on nettles. network noun • ADJ. extensive, large, vast, wide, widespread I com- plex, elaborate, intricate I dense I strong a strong net- work of friends I supportive I global, local, national, worldwide I communications, telephone I bus, motor- way, rail, railway, road I social I news, radio, television I computer I distribution, support I integrated • VERB + NETWORK build up, create, establish, form, set up They are establishing a network of pumps and pipe- lines to move the oil. I form The new rail services willform a network connecting the capital and major cities. I run They were unable to run the telephone network economic- ally. I manage software to help you manage your network • PREP. across althe - Userscan access data across a net- work. in a/the - Members are all linked together in a net- work. on a/the- All computer users are connected on a net- uiork. over a/the - The files are accessible over a network. through a/the - Drinking water is brought to the village through a network of underground pipes. via a/the - The newspapers are sent out via a national distribution net- work. I -of an etwork of motorways q Note at ORGANIZATION neurosis noun • ADJ. individual, personal I anxiety,obsessional • VERB + NEUROSIS have • PREP. -about the director's neurosis about actors arriv- ing latefor filming neutral adj. 1 not supporting either side • VERBS be I remain, stay • ADY. strictly The government maintained its strictly neutral policy. I completely I basically, broadly The Russians took a broadly neutral position. I politically The meeting must be at apolitically neutral location. • PREP. about neutral about this issue 2 not showing strong qualities/feelings/colour • VERBS be, seem Her expression seemed neutral. I re- main I keep sth Dolly kept her voice carefully neutral. • ADV. perfectly I fairly, quite, relatively She chosefair- ly neutral make-up. I apparently I carefully 3 not affected by stn • VERBS be, seem Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. • ADV culturally, ethically, ideologically, morally, pol- itically Behaviour is never culturally neuiral. • PHRASES gender neutral She argued that the law should always be gender neutral (= apply in exactly the same way to men and women). neutrality noun • ADJ. political I armed a policy of armed neutrality. • VERB + NEUTRALITY declare, proclaim Switzerland declared its neutrality. I maintain, preserve • PREP. - between the commission's neutrality between Protestants and Catholics neutralize verb • ADV effectively This strategy effectively neutralized what the Conservatives had hoped would be a vote-winner. • PREP. with Discarded acid should be neutralized with alkali before disposal. neWadj. 1 recently built/made • VERBS be, look The car still looks quite new. • ADV brand, spanking a scratch on my brand new car 0 very proud of their spanking new kitchen I fairly, quite 2 different/not familiar • VERBS be These ideas are not entirely new. • ADV. very I completely, entirely, quite I fairly, quite • PREP. to It was all very new and strange to me. 0 She's still quite new to thejob and needs a lot of help. • PHRASES be nothing new about/in sth There is noth- ing new in teenagers wanting to change the world. news noun 1 new information' • ADJ. encouraging, excellent, good, great, marvellous, terrific, tremendous, welcome, wonderful The good news is that we've all been given an extra day's leave. 0 Great news! We've bought the house. I bad, gloomy, grim, sad, terrible, tragic, unwelcome I dramatic, important, mo- mentous I hot, late, latest, recent Some late news hasjust come in. I old, stale I exciting, interesting I front-page It was front-page news at the time. I domestic, home, local, national, regional I foreign, international I busi- ness, City, financial I sports, tennis, etc. • QUANT. bit, item, piece We've had a bit of good news. • VERB + NEWS get, have, hear, learn, receive Have you heard the latest news? I catch up on I want to catch up on all your news. I announce, break, bring (sb), give sb, tell sb Thepolice had to break the news to the boy's par- ents. I spread She ran from office to office, spreading the exciting news. I leak News of their engagement was leaked to the press. I report I haven't really got any news to report. I carry 'The Daily Nation' carried news of the event. I gather, get It's the reporter's job to go out and gather news. I await, expect, wait for They are waiting for news of their relatives. I greet, react to, welcome The news was greeted with astonishment. I make It was a very minor incident and barely made the news. • NEWS + VERB come, come in, come through News is coming in of a large fire in central London. I break, leak out The news broke while we were on holiday. I spread, travel The news spread like wildfire. • NEWS + NOUN bulletin, flash, item, release, report, story Programmes were interrupted for a news flash. I coverage News coverage of the fighting was extremely biased. I conference The former manager gave his first news conference since being sacked. I agency, service I programme I editor I source I media • PREP. at the - She went completely topieces at the news of his death. in the- She's been in the newsa lot lately. with the - Joan came in with the news that a pay rise had been 523 nickname agreed. I - about I'm not interested in news about celeb- rities. -from And now with netos from the Games, over to our Olympic correspondent. - of news offreslt killings - on Is there any news on the car bomb attack? -fo It was news to me that they'd got married. 2 the news on TV or radio • ADJ. radio, television, TV I evening, lunchtime, nine o'clock, etc. • VERB + NEWS hear, listen to, see, watch I turn on I broadcast I read The news is read byHarriet Daiy. • PREP. in the- Our school was mentioned in the news. on the - I heard it on the ten o'clock news. newspaper noun • ADJ. daily, evening, morning, Sunday, weekly I today's, yesterday's I independent, left-wing, right- wing I local, national, provincial, regional I broad- sheet, quality I tabloid I popular I financial I folded, rolled-up • QUANT. copy Have you got a copy of yesterday's news- paper? I edition today's edition of the newspaper • VERB + NEWSPAPER buy, get, take Do you take a daily newspaper? I flick through, read I print, produce, publish I edit, write for/in I appear in Her article ap- peared in the Saturday newspaper. I get into • NEWSPAPER + VERB come out The newspaper comes out every Saturday. • NEWSPAPER + NOUN article, clipping, column, cov- erage, cutting I baron, magnate, owner I correspond- ent, editor, reporter I kiosk, shop, stand • PREP. in a/the - an article in a local newspaper on a/the - She got ajob on a national newspaper. nice adj. • VERBS be, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste I felt nice and cosy 0 That bread smells nice. 0 His mother sounded very nice on the phone. I make sth I tidied the room to make it nicefor the others when they came home. • ADV. awfully, exceptionally, extremely, incredibly, jolly, really, terribly, very an awfully nice man I perfect- ly, thoroughly I'm sure she's perfectly nice really I not particularly It had not been a particularly nice experience. I pretty, quite, rather I enough Some of the boys were nice enough, but she didn't want togo out with them. • PREP. about He was incredibly nice about it, though I am sure it caused him a lot of trouble. for It's nicefor Mum toget out more. to Can't you be nice to each otherfor once? • PHRASES nice little It's a nice little place you've got here. niche noun • ADJ. right, suitable I distinctive, particular, special I little He had found his own little niche in life. I market I ecological • VERB + NICHE have Each animal has its ecological niche. I find, identify, see, spot He saw a niche in the market and exploited it. I carve out, create, establish, secure She's carved out quite a nichefor herself infashion. design. I fill, occupy I exploit • NICHE + NOUN market, marketing I product • PREP. in/into a/the- These animals are moving into the niche left vacant by the disappearance of the big predators. I -for There's a niche for a small stylish car. -r ln women who dared question their niche in society • PHRASES a niche in the market nickname noun • VERB + NICKNAME give sb I acquire, get He got his nickname 'Ash' from his heavy smoking. I earn (sb) I live up to Leicester Tigers lived up to their nickname in a very attacking game. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. nicotine • NICKNAME + VERB stick He got hts nickname when he was at school and it stuck.for the rest of his life. • PREP - for 'Chalky' is a common nickname for people called White. • PHRASES hence her/his nickname He worked in a garage-hence his nickname' Spanner'. nicotine noun • ADJ. pure • VERB + NICOTINE be addicted to, be dependent on I be stained with • NICOTINE + NOUN addiction, craving I addict I patch, substitute I stain The nicotine stains on his fin- gers told me he was under stress. • PHRASES dependence on nicotine night noun 1when it is dark and most people sleep • ADJ. last, tomorrow I Friday, Saturday, etc. I early, late I think III have an early night (= go to bed early). I long I winter, etc. I bad, restless, sleepless I black, dark I clear, moonlit, starlit, starry I cold, stormy I wedding • VERB + NIGHT have I spend They spent the night in Bristol. I stay Ask your Mum if you can stay the night. • NIGHT + VERB fall When it came the night fell quickly. I progress, wear onAs the night wore on it grew colder. • NIGHT + NOUN air, sky I duty, shift • PREP. at-lying awake at night by- Paris by night dur- ing/in the - I woke in the night. for a/the -, on Friday, etc. -, per - The hotel costs £65 per person per night. through/throughout the- • PHRASES all night long, at this time of night, day and night/night and day (= all the time), a good night's sleep, good night She kissed him good night. in the dead of night (= in the middle of the night), morning, noon and night(= all the time) 2time between late afternoon and when you go to bed • ADJ. last, tomorrow I Friday, Saturday, etc. I the other I saw her the other night (= a few nights ago). • NIGHT + NOUN school • PREP. at - She doesn't like to walk home late at night. by -, on Friday, etc.- 3evening when a special event happens • ADJ. first,opening I last the last night of theplay's run I big, great, memorable I dance, election, quiz • PHRASES make a night of it They decided to make a night of it arui went on toa club. a night out Fancy a night out? nightclub noun • ADJ. top a top London nightclub I seedy • VERB + NIGHTCLUB go to I run • NIGHTCLUB + NOUN bouncer, owner, singer, staff • PREP. at a/the - She's performing at a nightclub in Paris. in a/the - He was murdered in a London nightclub. nightmare noun 1 bad dream • ADJ. awful, horrible, terrible, terrifying I continuing, recurring • VERB + NIGHTMARE have, suffer I wake (up) from I give sb Thefilm gaoe me nightmares. • PREP. -aboutIhavenightmaresaboutdrowning. 2 bad/feared experience • ADJ. absolute, awful, horrible, real, terrible, terrifying I worst Losing a child is my worst nightmare. I personal I living The refugees had survived a living nightmare. I administrative, bureaucratic, financial, etc. • VERB + NIGHTMARE endure, face, suffer, survive I become, prove, turn into Their dream of living in the 524 country turned into a nightmare when they both fell ser- iously ill. I create I escape (from) • NIGHTMARE + VERB be over I cometrue • NIGHTMARE + NOUN scenario, vision the nightmare scenario of mass unemployment o The writer evokes a nightmare vision of afuture on apolluted planet. I world I journey nipple noun • ADJ. pert, pointed I erect, hard, rigid, swollen, taut I sensitive, sore • VERB + NIPPLE suck • NIPPLE + VERB harden, rise, stiffen, tighten nod noun • ADJ. brief, brisk, quick, imperceptible, little, slight, small I curt, perfunctory, terse He dismissed them with a curt nod. I approving, satisfied She inspected my work and gave a satisfied nod. I reassuring I passing (figura- tive) He gave a passing nod (= a brief acknowledgement) to the show that had launched his career. • VERB + NOD give (sb)Myteachergavemeanodofre- assurance and I began. I get He's ready to play and just waiting to get the nodfrom the team coach. I wait for • PREP. at a-', with a- I -fromAtanodfromLawton, he gently turned the handle. - in the direction of, - of a nod of approval-to, -towards 'I couldn't have done this alone', he said with a nod towards his wife. • PHRASES a nod of sb's/the head She answered with an almost imperceptible nod of the head. nod verb • ADV just, merely, only, simply Ashamed, I could only nod. I fervently, furiously, vigorously, violently 'That's exactly it,' she said, nodding vigorously. I gently She nod- ded gently to herself I almost imperceptibly, slightly I slowly I quickly I abruptly, briefly, briskly, curtly He nodded curtly and walked away. I jerkily, stiffly I dumb- ly, mutely, silently, wordlessly She could not speak but just nodded mutely. I absently, abstractedly, vaguely He nodded absently, his mind obviously on other things. I meekly I politely, respectfully I amiably, cheerfully, happily I appreciatively, approvingly, eagerly, encour- agingly, enthusiastically, gratefully, sympathetically, understandingly I doubtfully, reluctantly I coolly I grimly I glumly, miserably, sadly I gravely, seriously, solemnly, thoughtfully I intelligently, sagely, wisely She nodded sagely as she listened. I back • PREP. at They nodded at us, so we nodded back. in She nodded in agreement. to She nodded toDuncan as she left. towards 'Let's go,' he said, nodding towards the door. with He nodded with satisfaction. noise noun • ADJ. deafening, loud I awful, horrible, terrible I low, slight The slightest noise will wake him. I sudden I funny, strange I background There was constant back- ground noisefrom the motorway. I constant, incessant I banging, buzzing, clattering, etc. 'I aircraft, engine, traf· fic I rude Oneof the children made a rude noise. • VERB + NOISE create, generate, make the noise cre- ated by aircraft o She was making a lot of noise. I hear, listen to Wecould hearfunny little sucking noises. I dead- en, reduce Woodis used to deaden the noise. • NOISE + VERB come from sth There were strange noises coming from the sitting room. I become/get/grow louder, grow, increase, rise I abate, die away/down, drop, fade away, fall The deafening noise of the machine dropped to a rumble, then stopped. • NOISE + NOUN level I pollution • PREP. above/over the - Wehad to shout over the noise of the traffic. I -from the noisefrom the engine room Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. nOisyadj. • VERBS be I get, grow The party was getting a bit noisy. • ADV deafeningly, extremely, particularly, really, ter- ribly, very I a bit, fairly, a little, pretty, quite, rather nominate verb • ADV formally, officially • VERB + NOMINATE ask sb to, invite sb to Ten critics were asked to nominate their Book of the Year. • PREP. as He has now beenformally nominated as presi- dential candidate. for She was nominated for a special award. to He has been nominated to the committee. • PHRASES the power/right to nominate sb nomination noun • ADJ. presidential I Democratic, Republican, etc. I Oscar,etc. • VERB + NOMINATION secure, win I stand for She is standing for the Democratic Party presidential nomin- ation. I accept I withdraw I support I invite Nomin- ations are invited for the post of party chairman. I seek She isseeking nomination as a candidate in the elections. • NOMINATION + NOUN form, paper I process • PREP. - as She has withdrawn her nomination as chair- man. -for his nomination for the Best Actor award -to He will not accept nomination to the committee. nominee noun • ADJ. presidential I Democratic, Republican Party, etc. I Oscar, etc. • VERB + NOMINEE appoint • PREP. through a/the - They were acting through nom- inees. I -for the nominees for Best Director nonchalance noun • ADJ. cool • VERB + NONCHALANCE affect, feign, pretend She shrugged,feigning nonchalance. • PREP. with - declining the offer with coolnonchalance • PHRASES an air of nonchalance 'Oh, by the way she started, with afalse air of nonchalance. non-existent adj. • VERBS be I become Services for customers on public transport are becoming non-existent. • ADV completely, totally The hotel turned out to becom- pletely non-existent. I almost, practically, virtually Crime is almost non-existent in these communities. nonsense noun • ADJ. absolute, arrant, complete, pure, total, utter Most of his theories are arrant nonsense. I superstitious You don't believe that superstitious nonsense, doyou? • VERB + NONSENSE talk Don't talk nonsense! I put up with, stand I'm not going to stand any more of this non- sense. I stop Just stop this nonsense of refusing to talk to anybody. I believe • PREP. - about What's all this nonsense about you giv- ing upyour job? • PHRASES a load/lot of nonsense People are talking a lot of nonsense about him being the new Michael Jordan. make (a) nonsense of sth This decision makes absolute nonsense of all our hard work. noon noun • ADJ. 12 Thefootballactionstartsat12noon. I high the glaring light of high noon 525 nose • PREP. around-, at-, by -, till/until- • PHRASES morning, noon and night(= all the time) noose noun • ADJ. hangman's • VERB + NOOSE fasten, tie I pull, tighten I make • NOOSE + VERB tighten • PREP. in/into a/the He put his head into the noose. -around/round They tied a nooseround her neck. norm noun • ADJ. accepted, established I ethical, moral I cul- tural, social I statistical I community, family, group • VERB + NORM conform to Their behaviour conforms to the group norm. I break, challenge I deviate from, differ from • PREP. above the>, below the -, over the- They want to discourage pay settlements over the norm. I - for On- screen editing has become the norm for all student work. - of accepted norms of behaviour • PHRASES a deviation/departure from the norm, an exception to the norm, the norm rather than the excep- tion In the inner-city areas, poverty is the norm rather than the exception. normal noun • VERB + NORMAL be/go back to, return to After a week offestivities, life returned to normal. • PREP. above- The rainfall has been above normal for the time of year. below - Sales to December are well below normal. near - His pulse rate had slowed to somewhere near normal. normal adj. • VERBS be, look, seem I become I consider sth, re- gard sth as, view sth as It is now regarded as normalfor women to work outside the home. • ADV. very I completely, perfectly, quite It started out as a perfectly normal day. I fairly, near, pretty I'd say it waspretty normal to be upset if your house burned down. • PREP. for The temperature is near normal for spring. • PHRASES as normal First work out the answers as nor- mal. in the normal way Gofor your check-ups in the nor- mal way until you are six months pregnant. in/under nor- mal circumstances Under normal circumstances Martin would probably have gone to university. sb's normal self Mandy doesn't seem her normal self today. normality noun • VERB + NORMALITY restore, return to • PHRASES a return to normality A complete return to normality may take weeks. some semblance of normal- ity By now any semblance of normality had disappeared. north noun • ADJ. magnetic, true I frozen the white expanses of the frozen north cc,> Note at DIRECTION (for more collocates) nose noun 1 part of the face • ADJ. big, bulbous, enormous, huge, large, long, prominent, strong I little, small, stubby, tiny I straight I aquiline, curved, Roman I beaky, crooked, hooked I snub, tip-tilted, turned-up, upturned I pointed, sharp The sharp nose and thin lips gave his face a very harsh look. I narrow, thin She had dark eyes and a long narrow nose. I flat, flattened I aristocratic, elegant I pink, red, shiny He stuck his bulbous red nose back into his pint of beer. <) She dressed up as a clown with a tohiteface and red Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]... fruit is still a great novelty in Europe I sheer The sheer novelty of the band's performance won them many fans • NOVELTY + VERB wear off The novelty of her new job soon wore off • NOVELTY + NOUN valueAtripdownaminehasgreat novelty ualuefor most people • PHRASES be something of a novelty At that time the motor car was still something of a novelty November noun q Note atMoNTH • ADJ absolute, complete... nose to tail The traffic was nose to tail for miles nostalgia noun • ADJ great I pure an evening of pure nostalgia • QUANT wave A wave of nostalgia came over him • VERB + NOSTALGIA feel He thought back to his time as a student and felt no nostalgia for any of it I evoke I indulge in, wallow in • NOSTALGIA + NOUN bUff Nostalgia buffs gatheredfor the auction of wartime memorabilia I trip The college... note of thanks 2 (often notes) words that you write down quickly • ADJ brief I copious, detailed I scrappy I lecture I case, clinical, medical • VERB + NOTE jot down, keep, make, take She kept detailed notes of her travels I go through, look through, read through, sift through • PREP - of rve made a note of the book's title - on The catalogue hasfull notes on each artist • PHRASES make a mental note (of. .. chairman notion noun especially, particularly for The bridge is noteworthy for its sheer size notice noun • ADJ forthwith, immediately I in advance I by post, in writing I formally • VERB + NOTIFY be obliged to, be required to, must, should If you see anything suspicious you should notify the police immediately I fail to • PREP of All applicants will be notified of the result by • ADV You couldn't help... great nostalgia trip • PREP with - I remember it with great nostalgia I - for She felt great nostalgiafor the old way of life • PHRASES a feeling/sense of nostalgia nostril noun • VERB + NOSTRIL clog, fill The stench of the cellar filled my nostrils • NOSTRIL + VERB dilate, flare • NOSTRIL + NOUN hair • PREP in your-s The smell of decay lingered in her nostrils through your-s She drew on the cigarette... people will be queueing up tofinance the project I reject I accept I support I dispel Wemust dispel this notion that you can rely on the state for everything • PREP - of They have come to reject the traditional notion of womanhood notoriety noun • ADJ sudden I certain I international, • VERB + NOTORIETY have I achieve, public gain He achieved sudden notoriety when the details of his private life were... York notification noun formal, official, written I advance, prior • VERB + NOTIFICATION have, receive I give (sb) • PREP without - The police are entitled to inspect the • ADJ prive sb/sth of, provide (sb/sth With) - from Every animal in the food chain draws • PREP nourishment from other animals or plants novel noun • ADJ hardback, paperback I first a prize for the best first novel of the year I latest,... in form I adventure, comic, Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark novel 528 crime, detective, historical, satirical, spy, realist, romantic • QUANT copy Ltook a copy of a Graham Greene novel on nuisance noun the train with me • VERB + NOVEL produce, write I publish I read I accept (for publication), reject (for publication) Herfirst novel was finally accepted for. .. his nose • PHRASES the bridge of the nose He pushed his glasses up the bridge of his nose (put/stick, etc.) your nose in the air (oftenfiguratiuei She walked in with her nose in the air, ignoring everyone press your nose against sth Charlie pressed his nose against the window 2 front part of a vehicle • ADJ blunt • VERB + NOSE push down, put down He pushed the nose doumfor thefiruil approach • NOSE... cautionary note I personal • VERB + NOTE hit, sound, strike I inject, introduce His remarks injected a note of levity into the proceedings I detect I detected a faint note of weariness in his voice I end on The conference ended on an optimistic note • NOTE + VERB creep into/enter sb's voice • PREP - of A note of suspicion entered his voice • PHRASES a note in sb's voice There was a sad note in her voice on . PHRASES the forces of nature, the laws of nature, a love of nature His love of nature was expressed through his wildlife paintings. 2 qualities/features of sb/sth. gallery. I force sth Necessity forced an urgent solution. • PREP. of- The visit will, of necessity, be brief out of- He ischanging job out of necessity.