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Southern Luzon State University Republic of Philippines Thai Nguyen University Socialist Republic of Vietnam COMPETITIVENESS OF VIETNAMESE LABOR EXPORT IN NORTH-EAST ASIA MARKET: A COMPARISON ACROSS ASEAN COUNTRIES A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Southern Luzon State University, Lucban Quezon, Philippines In Collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Vietnam In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor in Business Administration HOANG VAN HUNG (TOM CRUISE) August, 2013 APPROVAL SHEET iii DEDICATION This piece of work is dedicated To My Family iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT The researcher wishes to extend her most sincere gratitude to the following people who made this piece of work a reality Dr Cecilia N Gascon, President of Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines, who made possible the linkage with Thai Nguyen University and the offering of Doctor of Business Administration, through the ITC-TUAF; Dr Dang Kim Vui, the President of Thai Nguyen University, who made the linkage with Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines and the offering of Doctor of Business Administration, through the ITC-TUAF; Dr Alice T Valerio, for her support and supervision throughout my graduate study program Her kindness and daily instructions in the last three years are greatly appreciated and this dissertation is as much her work as mine; Prof Nordelina Ilano, Director, Office for International Affairs of URS for her support to the DBA1 students; Dr Tran Thanh Van, the Dean of the Graduate School of Thai Nguyen University, for his assistance and encouragement to pursue this study; Dr Dang Xuan Binh, the Director of International Training Center, for his assistance and encouragement to pursue this study; Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai, the Vice Director of International Training Center, for his assistance and encouragement to pursue this study as DBA Class Manager; To all the SLSU and TNU Professors, for their support and guidance extended throughout the graduate studies in Thai Nguyen University, Vietnam; To his ever dearest friends for their kindness and remarkable support; To his family, for their support, encouragement for being the sources of greatest inspiration, which made his career a success v ABSTRACT In recent years, the world has witnessed the economic recovery of a number of countries affected by financial crisis in the period 2008 to 2009 International economy is in ongoing strong growth, but unemployment all over the world puts pressure on labor and jobs Each year, Vietnam economy have more than million new labors and labor status is always excessive as we mention before Exporting labor is essential way to solve this issue and earning foreign currency for economy Competition happen in everywhere and every sectors, including labor export Hence, determining competitiveness of Vietnamese labor is a key point to develop With this point of view, the dissertation proposes a system of a set of criteria to evaluate the competitiveness of labor export Base on these indicators, the dissertation evaluated competitiveness of labor export under two points of view: Direct assessment of international employers and indirect evaluation by comparing capacity of labor export and qualifications of international employers In addition, the dissertation compared the perceived competitiveness of labor export across countries and markets Further, the dissertation uses multivariate regression equation to evaluate fully factors affecting to competitiveness of export labors in North-East Asia market Base on these analyses, the dissertation proposes value recommendations to improve competitiveness of Vietnamese labor export They are highly value information for government in building plans and strategies of labor export Keywords: Competitiveness, Labor export, ASEAN, North-East Asia vi TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE Page APPROVAL SHEET ii DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv ABSTRACT v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES .x CHAPTER INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………1 Background of the Study .1 Statement of the Problem Objective of the Study Hypothesis of the Study Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation of the Study Definition of Terms 10 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 14 Related Literature 14 Related Studies 32 Conceptual Framework .43 METHODOLOGY… .45 Research Design 45 vii Time and Place of Study .46 Sampling .46 Respondents of the Study 47 Data collection 48 Research Instruments 48 Methods of Analysis 50 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION… 53 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.100 Summary of Findings .100 Conclusions .103 Recommendations .104 BIBLIOGRAPHY 107 QUESTIONNAIRE 112 APPENDIX .121 CURRICULUM VITAE 123 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page Distribution of the Respondents by Working Area 47 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of academic 57 performance following citizen Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of academic 58 performance following working sector Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of technical skill following citizen 60 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of technical skill following working sector Mean distribution of respondents’ 61 perception in terms of Communication skills following citizen Mean distribution of respondents’ 63 perception in terms of communication skills following working sector Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of Performance rating of pervious employers following citizen 69 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of working attitude following citizen 13 68 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of working seniority following working sector 12 67 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of working seniority following citizen 11 66 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of Performance rating of pervious employers following working sector 10 64 71 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of working attitude following working sector 72 ix 14 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of compliance with compliance with labor contract following citizen 15 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of compliance with compliance with labor contract following working sector 16 81 Mean distribution of INTERNATIONAL employers’ perception in terms of average evaluation following citizen 22 80 Mean distribution of TAIWANESE employers’ perception in terms of average evaluation following citizen 21 79 Mean distribution of KOREAN employers’ perception in terms of average evaluation following citizen 20 76 Mean distribution of JAPANESE employers’ perception in terms of average evaluation following citizen 19 75 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of average evaluation following working sector 18 74 Mean distribution of respondents’ perception in terms of average evaluation following citizen 17 73 82 Ranking of factor priority in term of International employers’ perception following citizen 83 x LIST OF FIGURE Figure Page Conceptual framework showing the factors affecting the competitiveness of labor in the Vietnamese market 44 ... of international employers from Taiwan, Japan and South Korea to Vietnamese labor export In addition, we also can see comparison between Vietnamese, Filipinos, Indonesian, and Thai about competitiveness... (MOLISA, 2011) Last year, Vietnam exported nearly 15,000 workers, who sent home some US$220 million Many countries like Malaysia, Middle East countries, Laos, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and Libya, employed... workers in Taiwan, and 20,000 workers in Japan Vietnamese workers have been also sent to Canada, United States of America, Australia, Italy and some Middle Eastern countries These new markets are