Gramm

Lời nói trực tiếp có thể bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán:. Ví dụ:[r]

1 I have a dog.

=> I wish

2 I don't have a cat.

=> I wish

3 I am bored.

=> I wish

4 I can't it.

=> I wish

5 He buys that book.

=> I wish

6 There is some red peper in my food.

=> I wish

7 There is not any water in the pot.

=> I wish

8 she does not like me.

=> I wish

9 He wil go.

=> I wish

10 She won't take it.

=> I wish

11 I can't buy a car because I don't have enough money.

=> I wish

=> I wish

13 I'm short I can't reach the shelf.

=> I wish

14 I want to go out.

=> I wish

15 I like to be a doctor.

=> I wish

16 I don't want to go there.

=> I wish

17 Don't go out.

=> I wish

18 Don't be silly.

=> I wish

19 stand up!

=> I wish

20 I regret meeting him.

=> I wish

cucku54@yahoo.com ( add nick vui lòng giới thiệu nick diễn đàn )

VÀO ĐÂY xem ngữ pháp bản.

VÀO ĐÂY xem luyện thi đại học. I have a dog.

=> I wish I didn't have a dog

2 I don't have a cat.

3 I am bored.

=> I wish I wasn't bored.

4 I can't it.

=> I wish I could it (Yeah, I could).

5 He buys that book.

=> I wish he didn't/ wouldn't buy that book.

6 There is some red peper in my food.

=> I wish there wasn't any peper in my food.

7 There is not any water in the pot.

=> I wish there was some water in the pot.

8 she does not like me.

=> I wish she liked me

9 He will go.

=> I wish he wouldn't go.

10 She won't take it.

=> I wish she would take it.

11 I can't buy a car because I don't have enough money.

=> I wish I had enough money so I could buy a car.

12 I want to buy a bike but I don't have enough money.

=> I wish I had enough money to buy a bike.

13 I'm short I can't reach the shelf.

14 I want to go out.

=> I wish I could go out.

15 I like to be a doctor.

=> I wish I would be a doctor.

16 I don't want to go there.

=> I wish I didn't have to go there.

17 Don't go out.

=> I wish you wouldn't go out.

18 Don't be silly.

=> I wish you wouldn't be silly.

19 stand up!

=> I wish I didn't have to stand up (I wish he would shut up )

20 I regret meeting him.

=> I wish I hadn't met him.

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trang_bong196 #3 Posted : Monday, September 13, 2010 10:10:37 PM 1 I have a dog.

=> I wish I didn't have a dog

2 I don't have a cat.

=> I wish I had a cat

Rank: Ordinary Member

Groups: Member Joined: 9/5/2010

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post(s)

=> I wish I wasn't bored

4 I can't it.

=> I wish I could it

5 He buys that book.

=> I wish he didn't buy it

6 There is some red peper in my food.

=> I wish there wasn't any red peper in my food

7 There is not any water in the pot.

=> I wish There was some water in the pot

8 she does not like me.

=> I wish She liked me

9 He will go.

=> I wish He wouldn't go

10 She won't take it.

=> I wish she would take it

11 I can't buy a car because I don't have enough money.

=> I wish I had enough money to buy a car

12 I want to buy a bike but I don't have enough money.

=> I wish I had enough money to buy a bike

13 I'm short I can't reach the shelf.

=> I wish I was tall / I wasn't short so I could reach the shelf

=> I wish I could go out

15 I like to be a doctor.

=> I wish I would be a doctor

16 I don't want to go there.

=> I wish

17 Don't go out.

=> I wish U didn't go out

18 Don't be silly.

=> I wish U didn't be silly

19 stand up!

=> I wish U didn't sit down

20 I regret meeting him.

=> I wish I didn't meet him

p/s: có số câu sử dụng ĐT khiếm khuyết số câu mệnh lệnh em không hiểu lắm

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CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (Conditionals)

I- Mấy lưu ý câu điều kiện:

Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần: Một phần nêu lên điều kiện và phần lại

nêu lên kết hay gọi mệnh đề điều kiện (if clause) mệnh đề kết (main clause)

Ví dụ: If it rains, I will stay at home

Hai mệnh đề câu điều kiện đổi chỗ cho

II- Các loại câu điều kiện:

1 Loại 1: Điều kiện xảy tương lai If clause (simple tense), main clause ( simple future) Ví dụ: If I have enough money, I will buy a new car

2 Loại 2: Điều kiện xảy tương lai - ước muốn (Nhưng thực tế xảy được)

If clause (simple past), main clause (would + infinitive)

Ví dụ: If I had millions of US dollars now, I would give you a half If I were the president, I would build more hospitals

Chú ý: Ở câu điều kiện loại 2, vế "IF", to be chia giống từ "were", "was"

3 Loại 3: Điều kiện khơng thể xảy q khứ - mang tính ước muốn khứ (nhưng thực tế xảy được)

If clause ( past perfect), main clause ( would + have done)

Ví dụ: If they had had enough money, they would have bought that villa If we had found him earlier, we might/could have saved his life

4 Câu điều kiện Hỗn hợp:

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại loại 3: Trong mệnh đề điều kiện dùng điều kiện loại điều kiện ngược thực tế q khứ, cịn mệnh đề dùng điều kiện loại kết ngược

Ví dụ:

If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now

5 Câu điều kiện dạng đảo.

- Trong tiếng Anh câu điều kiện loại 2/3, loại loại thường dùng dạng đảo

Ví dụ:

If I were the president, I would build more hospitals => Were I the president, I would build more hospitals If I had taken hic advice, I would be rich now

=> Had I taken his advice, I would be rich now

If He had learned hard, he would have passed the final exam => Had he learned hard, he would have passed the final exam

6 If not = Unless.

- Unless thường dùng câu điều kiện, lúc Unless = If not Ví dụ: Unless we start at once, we will be late

This message was edited time Last update was at 13/05/2008 11:57:03

Love means you never have to say you are sorry!

13/05/2008 11:46:16

Subject: Conditional sentences type (To co nhieu hon ne`````)

manh_hung IF/UNLESS (in conditional sentences)

When we want to talk about things that are always or generally true, we can use

If/When/Unless plus a present form PLUS present simple or imperative • If you press this button, you get black coffee

• When you fly budget airline, you don't expect to get anything to eat • Unless you need a lot of leg-room, don't pay the extra for first class Notice that we are talking about something which is generally true, not a specific event

In the condition clause, there can be a variety of present forms In the result clause, there can only be the present simple or imperative • If you visit Barcelona, look out for the spectacular architecture • If unemployment is rising, people tend to stay in their present jobs • If you've finished everything, go home

• When you go to Barbados, take plenty of sun cream • When I'm working, please be quiet

• When I've written a new article, I run it through my spell-checker Notice that 'unless' means the same as 'if not'

• Unless he asks you to continue, stop all work on the project • Unless interest rates are rising, it's not a good investment

• Unless you've been to Tokyo yourself, you don't really understand how fantastic it is

First Conditional

We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen

• If we take John, he'll be really pleased

• If you give me some money, I'll pay you back tomorrow • If they tell us they want it, we'll have to give it to them • If Mary comes, she'll want to drive

The 'if' clause can be used with different present forms

• If I go to New York again, I'll buy you a souvenir from the Empire State Building

• If he's feeling better, he'll come

The "future clause" can contain 'going to' or the future perfect as well as 'will'

• If I see him, I'm going to tell him exactly how angry I am

• If we don't get the contract, we'll have wasted a lot of time and money The "future clause" can also contain other modal verbs such as 'can' and 'must'

• If you go to New York, you must have the cheesecake in Lindy's • If he comes, you can get a lift home with him

Second Conditional

We can use the Second Conditional to talk about 'impossible' situations • If I had one million dollars, I'd give a lot to charity

• If there were no more hungry people in this world, it would be a much better place

• If we were in New York today, we would be able to go to the free Elton John concert in Central Park

Notice that after I / he/ she /it we often use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was' (Some people think that 'were' is the only 'correct' form but other people think 'was' is equally 'correct' )

• If I were in Tokyo, I'd have sushi every day

• If she were really happy in her job, she'd be working much harder • If IBM were to enter our market, we would have big problems Notice the form 'If I were you' which is often used to give advice • If I were you, I'd change my job

• If I were you, I'd sign up for Pearson's fantastic English lessons We can also use the Second Conditional to talk about 'unlikely' situations • If I won the lottery, I'd buy my parents a big house

• If I went to the moon, I'd bring back some moon rock • If you met him, you'd really like him

Notice that the choice between the first and the second conditional is often a question of the speaker's attitude rather than of facts For example, consider two people Peter Pessimist and Otto Optimist • Otto – If I win the lottery, I'll buy a big house

• Peter – If I won the lottery, I'd buy a big house • Otto – If I get promoted, I'll throw a big party • Peter – If I got promoted, I'd throw a big party

• Otto – If my team win the Cup, I'll buy champagne for everybody • Peter – If my team won the Cup, I'd buy champagne for everybody Notice that the 'If clause' can contain the past simple or the past continuous

• If they were thinking of coming, they would let us know • If she were coming, she would be here by now

Notice that the main clause can contain 'would' 'could' or 'might • If I met him again, I wouldn't recognize him

• If we met up for lunch one day, I could take you to that new restaurant • If I spoke to him directly, we might be able to reach an agreement Also notice that sometimes the 'if clause' is implied rather than spoken • What would I without you? ("if you stopped working here")

• Where would I get one at this time of night? ("if I went looking for one") • He wouldn't agree ("if we asked him")

Third Conditional

We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened

• If I had worked harder at school, I would have got better grades • If I had had time, I would have gone to see him But I didn't have time • If we had bought that house, we would have had to rebuild the kitchen • If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time but we were late

Notice that the main clause can contain 'would' 'could' or 'might • If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him (But he wasn't there so I didn't.)

• If I had seen him at the meeting, I could have asked him ( But he wasn't there so it wasn't possible.)

• If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him (But I'm not sure Perhaps if the opportunity had arisen.)

• If I had paid more attention in class, I would have understood the lesson

Also notice that sometimes the 'if clause' is implied rather than spoken • I'd have done it ("if you had asked me but you didn't.")

• I wouldn't have said that ("if I'd been there.")

• He wouldn't have let him get away with that ("if he had tried that with me.")

This message was edited times Last update was at 13/05/2008 11:51:

Cấu trúc câu dạng so sánh tiếng Anh

Nhóc 10-09-2009, 16:21

1 Equality(So sánh bằng)S + V + as + adj/adv + as + N/pronoun S + V + not + so/as + adj/adv + N/Pronoun

Ex:

+This boy is as tall as that one

(Không lặp lại từ dùng chủ ngữ)

Population ofHo Chi Minh city isn't as much as thatof Bangkok. 2 Comparative(So sánh hơn)

Short Adj:S + V + adj + er + than + N/pronoun Long Adj: S + V + more + adj + than + N/pronoun Ex:

She is taller than I/me

This bor is more intelligent than that one.

Dạng khác:S + V + less + adj + than + N/pronoun.(ít hơn) 3 Superlative(So sánh nhất)

Short adj:S + V + the + adj + est + N/pronoun Long adj:S + V + the most + adj + N/pronoun. Ex:

She is the tallest girl in the village. He is the most gellant boy in class.

Dạng khác:S + V + the least + adj + N/pronoun(ít nhất) Chú ý:

-1.Những tính từ ngắn kết thúc phụ âm mà trước nguyên âm nhân đơi phụ âm lên thêm "er" so sánh "est" so sánh nhất.(ex:hot >hotter/hottest)

-2.Những tính từ có hai vần,kết thúc chữ "y" đổi "y" thành "i" thêm "er" so sánh "est" so sánh nhất(ex:happy >happier/happiest)

3.Những tính từ/trạng từ đọc từ hai âm trở lên gọi tính từ dài,một âm gọi là tính từ ngắn.Tuy nhiên,một số tính từ có hai vần kết thúc "le","et","ow","er"vẫn xem tính từ ngắn

4 Các tính từ so sánh bất quy tắc học thuộc lòng good/better/the best

bad/worse/the worst

many(much)/more/the most little/less/the least

far/farther(further)/the farthest(the furthest) 5 Double comparison(So sánh kép)

+ Same adj:

Short adj:S + V + adj + er + and + adj + er Long adj:S + V + more and more + adj Ex:

The weather gets colder and colder. (Thời tiết ngày lạnh.)

His daughter becomes more and more intelligent. (Con gái anh ngày trở nên thông minh) + Different adj:

The + comparative + S + V the + comparative + S + V. (The + comparative he + từ dạng so sánh hơn) Ex:

The richer she is the more selfish she becomes. (Càng giàu,cô trở nên ích kỷ hơn).

(Càng thơng minh,anh ta trở nên lười hơn.) Dạng khác(càng )

The + S + V + the + comparative + S + V

Ex he more we study the more stupid we feel. Chú ý:

Trong câu so sánh kép,nếu có túc từ danh từ ta đặt danh từ ngay sau tính từ so sánh

Ex he more English vocabularywe know the better we speak. 6 Multiple Numbers Comparison(So sánh gấp nhiều lần)

S + V + multiple numbers + as + much/many/adj/adv + (N) + as + N/pronoun.

multiple numbers:half/twice/3,4,5 times/Phân số/phần trăm. Ex:

She types twice as fast as I.

In many countries in the world with the same job,women only get 40%-50% as much as salary as men.

LỜI NÓI TRỰC VÀ GIÁN TIẾP

(Dicrect and Indirect Speeches)

1 Giới thiệu:

Trong lời nói trực tiếp, ghi lại xác từ, ngữ người nói dùng Lời nói trực tiếp thường thể bởi: dấu ngoặc kép " "

Ví dụ: 1- He said, “I learn English” 2- "I love you," she said

2 Những thay đổi lời nói Trực Gián tiếp:

2.1 Đổi câu:

Thì động từ lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo nguyên tắc chung lùi khứ (các xuống cấp):

Thì Lời nói trực tiếp Thì Lời nói gián tiếp - Hiện đơn -> Quá khứ đơn

- Hiện tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ tiếp diễn - Hiện hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thành - Hiện hoàn thành TD -> Quá khứ hoàn thành TD - Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ đơn hoac Quá khứ hoàn thành - Quá khứ hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thành

- Tương lai đơn -> Tương lai khứ - Tương lai TD -> Tương lai TD khứ - Is/am/are going to -> Was/were going to - Can/may/must -> Could/might/had to Hãy xem ví dụ sau đây:

He does -> He did

He is doing -> He was doing He has done -> He had done

He has been doing -> He had been doing He will -> He would

He may be doing -> He might be doing He can -> He could

He can have done -> He could have done He must do/have to -> He had to 2.2 Các thay đổi khác:

a Thay đổi Đại từ

Các đại từ nhân xưng đại sở hữu chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi bảng sau:

TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP Đại từ

nhân xưng Chủ ngữ I he, she we they you they Tân ngữ me him, her us them you them Đại từ sở hữu mine his, her ours theirs yours theirs Tính từ sở hữu my his, her our their your their

Ngoài quy tắc chung thay đổi đại từ nêu đây, người học cần ý đến thay đổi khác liên quan đến vị trí tương đối người đóng vai trị thuật lại ví dụ sau đây:

Ví dụ: Jane, "Tom, you should listen to me." + Jane tự thuật lại lời mình:

I told Tom that he should listen to me + Người khác thuật lại lời nói Jane Jane told Tom that he should listen to her + Người khác thuật lại cho Tom nghe: Jane told you that he should listen to her + Tom thuật lại lời nói Jane

Jane told me that I should listen to her

Trực tiếp Gián tiếp This -> That That -> That These -> Those Here -> There Now -> Then Today -> That day Ago -> Before

Tomorrow -> The next day / the following day

The day after tomorrow -> In two day’s time / two days after Yesterday -> The day before / the previous day

The day before yesterday -> Two day before Next week -> The following week

Last week -> The previous week / the week before Last year ->The previous year / the year before Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: "I saw the school-boy here in this room today."

Gián tiếp: She said that she had seen the school-boy there in that room that day

Trực tiếp: "I will read these letters now."

Gián tiếp: She said that she would read those letters then

Ngoài quy tắc chung dây, người học cần tình thật thời gian hành động thuật lại đóng vai trò quan trọng chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp

3 Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp: Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp được chia làm loại:

3.1 Câu hỏi bắt đầu với trợ động từ: Ta thêm If/whether Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: "Does John understand music?" he asked Gián tiếp: He asked if/whether John understood music

3.2 Câu hỏi bắt đầu who, whom, what, which, where, when, why, how: Các từ để hỏi giữ nguyên câu gián tiếp: Trực tiếp: "What is your name?" he asked

Gián tiếp: He asked me what my name was

3.3 Các dạng đặc biệt câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp a Shall/ would dùng để diễn t ả đề nghi, lời mời:

Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: "Shall I bring you some tea?" he asked Gián tiếp: He offered to bring me some tea

Trực tiếp: "Shall we meet at the theatre?" he asked Gián tiếp: He suggested meeting at the theatre b Will/would dùng để diễn tả yêu cầu: Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: Will you help me, please? Gián tiếp: He asked me to help him

c Câu mệnh lệnh câu yêu cầu lời nói gián tiếp Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: Go away!

Gián tiếp: He told me/the boys to go away Trực tiếp: Listen to me, please

Gián tiếp: He asked me to listen to him d Câu cảm thán lời nói gián tiếp Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: What a lovely dress!

Tuỳ theo xúc cảm hình thức diễn đạt, dùng nhiều hình thức khác sau:

Gián tiếp: She exclaimed that the dress was lovely She exclaimed that the dress was a lovely once

She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress e Các hình thức hỗn hợp lời nói gián tiếp

Lời nói trực tiếp bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán:

Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: She said, "can you play the piano?” and I said”no”

Gián tiếp: She asked me if could play the piano and I said that I could not

This message was edited times Last update was at 18/09/2008 14:07:39

Tomorrow is another day

30/09/2010 13:30:11 Subject: narrow streets

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1 Giới thiệu:

Trong lời nói trực tiếp, ghi lại xác từ, ngữ người nói dùng Lời nói trực tiếp thường thể bởi: dấu ngoặc kép " "

Ví dụ: 1- He said, “I learn English” 2- "I love you," she said

2 Những thay đổi lời nói Trực Gián tiếp:

2.1 Đổi câu:

Thì động từ lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo nguyên tắc chung lùi khứ (các xuống cấp):

Thì Lời nói trực tiếp Thì Lời nói gián tiếp - Hiện đơn -> Quá khứ đơn

- Hiện tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ tiếp diễn - Hiện hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thành - Hiện hoàn thành TD -> Quá khứ hoàn thành TD - Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ đơn hoac Quá khứ hoàn thành - Quá khứ hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thành

- Tương lai đơn -> Tương lai khứ - Tương lai TD -> Tương lai TD khứ - Is/am/are going to -> Was/were going to - Can/may/must -> Could/might/had to Hãy xem ví dụ sau đây:

He does -> He did

He is doing -> He was doing He has done -> He had done

He will -> He would

He will be doing -> He would be doing He will have done -> He would have done He may -> He might

He may be doing -> He might be doing He can -> He could

He can have done -> He could have done He must do/have to -> He had to 2.2 Các thay đổi khác:

a Thay đổi Đại từ

Các đại từ nhân xưng đại sở hữu chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi bảng sau:

TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP Đại từ

nhân xưng Chủ ngữ I he, she we they you they Tân ngữ me him, her us them you them Đại từ sở hữu mine his, her ours theirs yours theirs Tính từ sở hữu my his, her our their your their

Ngoài quy tắc chung thay đổi đại từ nêu đây, người học cần ý đến thay đổi khác liên quan đến vị trí tương đối người đóng vai trị thuật lại ví dụ sau đây:

Ví dụ: Jane, "Tom, you should listen to me." + Jane tự thuật lại lời mình:

I told Tom that he should listen to me + Người khác thuật lại lời nói Jane Jane told Tom that he should listen to her + Người khác thuật lại cho Tom nghe: Jane told you that he should listen to her + Tom thuật lại lời nói Jane

b Các thay đổi trạng từ không gian thời gian: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

This -> That That -> That These -> Those Here -> There Now -> Then Today -> That day Ago -> Before

Tomorrow -> The next day / the following day

The day after tomorrow -> In two day’s time / two days after Yesterday -> The day before / the previous day

The day before yesterday -> Two day before Next week -> The following week

Last week -> The previous week / the week before Last year ->The previous year / the year before Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: "I saw the school-boy here in this room today."

Gián tiếp: She said that she had seen the school-boy there in that room that day Trực tiếp: "I will read these letters now."

Gián tiếp: She said that she would read those letters then

Ngoài quy tắc chung dây, người học cần tình thật thời gian hành động thuật lại đóng vai trò quan trọng chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp

3 Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp: Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp chia làm loại:

3.1 Câu hỏi bắt đầu với trợ động từ: Ta thêm If/whether Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: "Does John understand music?" he asked Gián tiếp: He asked if/whether John understood music

3.2 Câu hỏi bắt đầu who, whom, what, which, where, when, why, how: Các từ để hỏi giữ nguyên câu gián tiếp:

Trực tiếp: "What is your name?" he asked Gián tiếp: He asked me what my name was

3.3 Các dạng đặc biệt câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp a Shall/ would dùng để diễn t ả đề nghi, lời mời: Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: "Shall I bring you some tea?" he asked Gián tiếp: He offered to bring me some tea

Trực tiếp: "Shall we meet at the theatre?" he asked Gián tiếp: He suggested meeting at the theatre b Will/would dùng để diễn tả yêu cầu: Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: Will you help me, please? Gián tiếp: He asked me to help him

c Câu mệnh lệnh câu yêu cầu lời nói gián tiếp Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: Go away!

Gián tiếp: He told me/the boys to go away Trực tiếp: Listen to me, please

Gián tiếp: He asked me to listen to him d Câu cảm thán lời nói gián tiếp Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: What a lovely dress!

Tuỳ theo xúc cảm hình thức diễn đạt, dùng nhiều hình thức khác sau:

Gián tiếp: She exclaimed that the dress was lovely She exclaimed that the dress was a lovely once

She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress e Các hình thức hỗn hợp lời nói gián tiếp

Lời nói trực tiếp bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán:

Ví dụ:

Trực tiếp: She said, "can you play the piano?” and I said”no”

Gián tiếp: She asked me if could play the piano and I said that I could not