CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (Passive Voice) NĂM BƯỚC CĂN BẢN ĐỂ HOÀN THÀNH THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG 1. Tìm chủ từ bị động (passive subject) ex: "the table", "the car" . 2. Chọn thì cho đúng với chủ từ. ex: thì wá khứ tiếp diễn ( the table was being) 3. Đặt quá khứ fân từ (past participle) ex:động từ steal - The table was being stolen 4. Đặt BY + TÁC NHÂN vào ex: the talbe was being stolen by the thieves 5. Hoàn tất câu. 1. Bị /Thụ động cách là cách đặt câu trong đó chủ ngữ đứng vai bị động. Ví dụ: 1. Chinese is learnt at school by her. 2. A book was bought by her. Chú ý: Điều kiện để có thể chuyển câu chủ động sang bị động: Thứ 1: Câu chủ động phải xác lập có được tân ngữ. (object) Thứ 2: Câu chủ động phải có Ngoại động từ. (transitive verbs) 2. Qui tắc Câu bị động. a. Động từ của câu bị động: To be + Past Participle (Pii). b. Tân ngữ của câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ của câu bị động c. Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ của giới từ "BY" Active : Subject - Transitive Verb – Object Passive : Subject - Be+ Past Participle - BY + Object Ví dụ: The farmer dinks tea everyday. (Active) Tea is drunk by the farmer everyday. (Passive) 3. Khi một ngoại động từ ở chủ động có hai tân ngữ, một trực tiếp và một gián tiếp (nhóm tặng biếu), có thể chuyển thành hai câu bị động. Ví dụ: I gave him an apple. An apple was given to him. He was given an apple by me. 4. Một số câu đặc biệt phải dịch là "Người ta" khi dịch sang tiếng Việt. Ví dụ: It is said that = people say that ; (Người ta nói rằng) It was said that = people said that. (Người ta nói rằng) Một số động từ được dùng như trên: believe, say, suggest, expect, . 5. Ta dùng động từ nguyên thể trong thể bị động: TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE để chỉ một ý định hay sự bắt buộc hoặc sự không thể được. Ví dụ: This exercise is to be done. This matter is to be discussed soon. 6. Sau những động từ: to have, to order, to get, to bid, to cause hay một động từ chỉ về giác quan hoặc cảm tính, ta dùng Past Participle (Tham khảo phần Bảng động từ bất quy tắc) bao hàm nghĩa như bị động: Ví dụ: We had your photos taken. We heard the song sung. We got tired after having walked for long. 7. Bảng chia Chủ động sang Bị động: Simple present do done Present continuous is/are doing is/are being done Simple Past did was/were done Past continuous was/were doing was/were being done Present Perfect has/have done has/have been done Past perfect had done had been done Simple future will do will be done Future perfect will have done will have been done is/are going to is/are going to do is/are going to be done Can can, could do can, could be done Might might do might be done Must must do must be done Have to have to have to be done 8. Một số Trường hợp đặc biệt khác: a. Một số động từ đặc biệt: remember; want; try; like, hate . Ví dụ: I remember them taking me to the zoo. (active) I remember being taken to the zoo.(passive) Ví dụ: She wants her sister to take some photogtaphs.(actiove) She wants some photographs to be taken by her sister. (passive) Ví dụ: She likes her boyfriend telling the truth. (actiove) She likes being told the truth. (passive) 9. Một số Trường hợp đặc biệt nguyên mẫu có TO: Suppose; see; make; Ví dụ: You are supposed to learn English now. (passive) = It is your duty to learn English now. (active) = You should learn English now. (active) Ví dụ: His father makes him learn hard. (active) He is made to learn hard. (passive) Ví dụ: You should be working now.(active) You are supposed to be working now.(passive) Ví dụ: People believed that he was waiting for his friend (active). He was believed to have been waiting for his friend.(passive) BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG: 1.Tom delivers the mail every day 2. Fire destroyed that house 3. Bob took that book from the desk 4. Barbara will eat the cake 5. Beth has finished the report 6. The police easily captured the thief 7. The students attended the lecture 8. The movie disappointed us very much 9. Mr. John manages the export division 10. John returned the money last night 11. The teacher corrects our exercises 12. They started a dancing class last week 13. Mr. Smith saw the accident 14. Somebody has taken my briefcase 15. The teacher returned our written work to us 16. She has finished the report by noon 17. The mad dog bit the little boy 18. The police have arrested five suspects 19. The doctor ordered him to take a long rest 20. Lightning struck the house . passive voice 2 1. The mailman is delivering the mail now 2. He has to finish it today 3. They may organize a new group next week 4. You ought to send the package by registered mail 5. They cannot hold the meeting in that room . 6. He has to pay the bill before the first of the month . 7. Ha may pay the bill for us . 8. For the time being, Alice is teaching that group . 9. You ought to water the plant once a week . 10. You should insure the package . 11. Somebody calls the president every day . 12. John is calling the other members . 13. Martha was delivering the documents to the department . 14. The other members have repealed the amendment . 15. The delegates had received the information before the recess . 16. The teacher should buy the supplies for this class . 17. Somebody will call Mr. Watson tonight . 18. The fire has caused considerable damage . 19. The company is developing a new procedure . 20. John will have received the papers tomorrow . bài tập passive voice 3 | 1. They can’t make tea with cold water . 2. The chef engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant . 3. Some body has taken some of my books away . 4. They will hold the meeting before May Day . 5. They have to repair the engine of the car . 6. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures . 7. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday . 8. They may use this room for the classroom . 9. The teacher is going to tell a story . 10. Mary is cutting the cake with sharp knife . 11. The children looked at the women with a red hat . 12. They have provided the victims with food and clothing . 13. People speak English in almost every corner of the world . 14. You mustn’t use this machine after 5: 30 p.m . 15. Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name . 16. After class, one of the students always erases the chalkboard . 17. You must clean the wall before you paint it . 18. They told the new pupil where to sit . 19. I know that they had told him of the meeting . 20. Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness 21. No one believes his story . 22. A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam . 23. We must take good care of books borrowed from the library . 24. A man I know told me about it . 25. We can never find him at home for he is always on the movie . 26. They use milk for making butter and cheese . 27. Science and technology have completely changed human life . 28. John used to visit Mr. Cole at weekends . 29. Weeds cover the riverbank . 30. Smoke filled the room . PASSIVE VOICE- EXERCISE 4: 1. He used to borrow my pen. 2. He had to finish his work on time. 3. You needn't do all the homework. 4. You ought to tell him early. 5. They don't use the room very often. 6. They must widen the road to school this year. 7. Have you done your homework? 8. Did you finish your work early? 9. Who will you meet at the airport? 10. What did you do last night? 11. Who wrote this book? 12. Who has seen her at the party? 13. Who built this house? 14. Who had to tell you about it? 15. Who can do this work? 16. Who will meet you at the airport? DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT: ACTIVE VOICE : S1+say/ think/ belive + S2+ V PASSIVE VOICE: S2 be said/thought/believed+ to do Sth ( to have V3) PASSIVE VOICE: It be said/ thought/ belived+ that+ S+V BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG: 1.They say that he is a good student 2.People think that Mary will come here in two days . 3.They believed that My mother went there 4.They report that he has gone to Paris 5.They said that the dog did'nt run away 6.People believe that your father likes dogs 7.They say that he can do that 8.People think that there are many apples in this village KEY: 1.He is said to be a good student. It is said that he is a good studẹnt 2.Mary is thought to be coming here in two days.==> to have come (khác thì : S + be + PP+ to Have + PP ) It is said that Mary will come here in two days 3.My mother was belived to go there It was believed that my mother went there 4.He is reported to have gone to Paris. It is reported that he has gone to Paris. 5.The dog was said not to run away. It was said that the dog didn't run away. 6.Your father is believed to like dogs. It is believed that your father likes dogs. 7.He is said to be able to do that. It is said that he can do that. 8.This village is thought to have many apples. It is thought that there are many apples in this village . . tặng bi u), có thể chuyển thành hai câu bị động. Ví dụ: I gave him an apple. An apple was given to him. He was given an apple by me. 4. Một số câu đặc bi t. done Have to have to have to be done 8. Một số Trường hợp đặc bi t khác: a. Một số động từ đặc bi t: remember; want; try; like, hate . Ví dụ: I remember