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Phat huy tdi da vai trd cau ndi, gan ket cae td chdc thanh vien vdi nhau vi lpi ieh chung, bd qua nhdng lpi ich ca biet de cung phat trien thi trudng the trong viec day manh hoat dp[r]
(1)li NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO DOI
^ GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DICH VU THE THANH TOAN TAI VIET NAM
N g u y i n Quynh Nhii N g a n h a n g N g a n h a n g Indovina P h a m Van Cfn N g a n h a n g DT&PT Viet Nam - CN t i e n Giang
T he todn Id mgt phiiotng thdc todn md ngiidi sd hUu the co the dung de todn tien hdng hoa, dich vu hay rut tien tii dgng thong qua mdy doc the diigic lap dgt d cdc col sd cUa dcfn vi chdp nhdn the hay d cdc diem dng tien mat Mgt sd thiet bi chuyen dung cho dich vu the nhii mdy giao dieh tii dgng - ATM (Au-tomated Teller Machine), mdy doc the tii dgng - EDC (Electronic Data Capture) hay diigc quen ggi dii khbng chinh xdc Id diem todn - POS (Point Of Sale) Trong nhiing ndm gdn ddy, dich vu the todn tgi Viet Nam da co nhiing cdi thien ddng ke Tuy nhien, do nhieu nguyen nhdn khde md dich vu ndy vdn chiia phdt trien tiictng xdng vdi tiem ndng vd doi hoi cda thi triidng, nen viec tiep tuc hodn thien vdphdt trien dich vu the thanh todn tgi Viet Nam Id yeu cdu cdn thiet Thong qua bdi viet ndy, nhom tdc gid mudn diem lgi nhiing thdnh cong, di sdu phdn tich nhiing nguyen nhdn vd diia gidi phdp cho sii phdt trien dich vu the todn tgi Viet Nam
Thanh tvi^u dat dvtdc cua dich v u the t h a n h t o a n tai Viet Nam nhiXng n a m qua Mpt la, sd lupng eae td ehde tham gia thi trUdng the cang nhieu; tinh de'n thang 10/2010, thi trudng the da eo sU gdp mat cua 49 td ehde vdi eae loai hinh nhU ngan hang thuong mai (NHTM) nha nude (03 td chdc); NHTM cd phan, ngan hang lien doanh, ngan hang nUdc ngoai (44 td chdc) va td ehde phi ngan hang (02 td chdc) Thi trudng the toan Viet Nam da chdng td sU ha'p d i n va canh tranh Dich vu the khdng la linh vUc rieng eua cae ngan bang ma cdn eo sU tham gia cua cae td ehde phi ngan hang thupc nhieu loai hinh sd hdu [6]
Hai la, so' lupng the phat hanh, mang ludi ATM va giao dich the dupe md rpng; den 30/06/2010, tdng sd the phat hanh toan thi trUdng dat luy ke 25.782.895 the vdi eae hinh thdc chu yeu nhu the ghi np npi dia, the ghi np qud'c te, the
B a n g 1: Tong hdp so l i e u t h e t i n h tdri n g a y 30/06/2010
C h i t i e u So ATM
So EDC ToDg so the - The ghi no noi dia - The ghi ng quoc te - The tin dung quoc te' - The khac
(the t r a tnioc, the t i n dung noi dia)
D o a n h so' suf d u n g t h e ( t r i e u
d o n g )
D o a n h so' t h a n h t o ^ n t h e
( t r i e u D S D )
31/12ffl009 723 36.620 21.675.002 19.960.914 1-062,211 371 718 280-159 - ,
1.061,50
30/06/2010 4 25782-895 23-340-771 1-211-613 441-768 788-743 2 - -
6
So s a n h Lii(>ng t ^ n g / g i a m
+ 803 + 4-722
+ 4-107-893 + 3-379-857 +149-402
+ 70 050 + 508-584
Ti 1? (%)
8.26 12,89 18,95 16,93 14,06 18,84 181,53
Nguon: Bdo cdo tdng hap so lieu the cua Hoi the NHVN[4]
tin dung qud'c te, the tin dung npi dia, the tra trUdc vUpt 71.89% chi tieu phat h a n h 15 trieu the [1]; tdng so' the phat h a n h thi the npi dia the bien sU vUpt trpi vdi so' lupng 24.129.514 the, chiem 93.59% Den 30/06/2010, ea nUdc cd 10.526 ATM, mang ludi ATM phat trien manh, rpng khap ca nudc dae biet la tai cac t h a n h pho' ldn va khu cong nghiep Doanh sd sd dung the eho ta't ca cac loai the nam 2009 dat 328.292.110 trieu ddng dd doanh so' sd dung the ghi np npi dia chiem Uu the vdi
93.40% Doanh sd toan the qud'c te dat 1.061,50 trieu USD (Bang 1).'
Ba la, sU lien ke't gida cac td ehde chuyen mach the dupe tien h a n h thuan lpi; thi trUdng the toan Viet Nam thdi gian qua ghi nhan su boat dpng tieh cUe eua ba td chdc ehuyen mach the la Cdng ty cd phan (CTCP) dich vu the Smarthnk (Smartlink), CTCP chuyen mach tai chinh qud'c gia Viet Nam (Banknetvn) va He thd'ng chuyen mach toan the ngan hang (VNBC) viec
(2)NGHIEN CUfU • TRAO DOI I I I
ket ndi toan lien he thd'ng: Smartlink - Banknetvn chinh thdc lien thdng 23/05/2008, Smartlink - VNBC hoan t h a n h ket nd'i 03/12/2009 va Banknetvn -VNBC edng bd' viec ket ndi 19/05/2010
Ben canh cae ke't qua dat dupe nhu tren, thi trudng the toan tai Viet Nam cdn tdn tai mpt so ban ehe can dupe thao gd de ed the tiep tue phat trien thdi ky hpi nhap
Thd nha't, chu the van tap trung d dich vu rut tien mat; mac du ATM dupc eae td chdc cung dng dieh vu the gia tang dau tU ve sd lupng va chat lupng dich vu nhung van chUa khai thae triet de cac tinh nang nhu chuyen tien, toan hda dun ma tap trung chu yeu d dieh vu rut tien mat Theo Bao eao thudng nien cua Hpi the Ngan hang Viet Nam (NHVN), doanh sd sd dung the nam 2009, doanh so' rut tien mat chiem 307.000 ty ddng (hPn 95,93%) Nguyen nhan ngUdi Viet Nam ed thdi quen sd dung tien mat toan, chi tieu nen d i n den viee ehu the rut tien mat tien vao tai khoan
Thd hai, dich vu the cdn chda dung nhieu rui ro khien ea ngudi dan ldn ngan hang ehua yen tam Rui ro ve phia khach hang: eae thu doan trpm cap thdng tin the phue vu eho hanh vi gian lan cang da dang; dung may ca the cd gan hop quet the vdi chdc nang ma hda de ghi trpm day so' tren the; trpm cap thdng tin ea nhan va thdng tin the tren hda dPn ca the; cai thiet bi lay thdng tin td ATM; thu thap, mua ban thong tin the tin dung tren mpt sd dien dan [8] Theo nhan dinh cua cae td ehde the qude te, nguyen nhan la Viet Nam edn giao dich chu ye'u bdng
the td nhieu qud'c gia nhu Anh, Phap, Malaysia, Thai Lan da chuyen ddi sang the thong minh Rui ro ve phia cac td chdc eung dng dieh vu the; theo bao cao cua Hpi the NHVN, chi vdng 03 t h a n g eudi n a m 2010 ed 10 vu trpm pha ATM, dd ed 02 vu bpn trpm da lay dupe so' tien m a t t r e n 02 ty ddng [2] Tinh h i n h trd nen dang bao dpng va a n h hudng den hinh a n h eua he thd'ng NHVN Nguyen n h a n chu yeu la cac td chdc cung dng dich vu the thie'u sU hpp tac, b a n chd chia se thdng tin ve rui ro dieh vu the t h a n h toan Khi ed p h a t sinh rui ro, cae td chdc khdng chia se kinh nghiem da xd ly, dan de'n td chdc lai gap p h a i ehinh cac rui ro da xay r a trUdc dd vdi n h d n g td ehde khae Dieu dat van de vai trd eua Hpi the NHVN, eu t h e la Tieu ban Quan ly rui ro vdi chdc n a n g lam cau nd'i, gan ke't cac td chdc t h a n h vien vi lpi ieh ehung de eung p h a t t r i e n t h i trudng the chua p h a t huy hieu qua
Thd ba, chat lupng dich vu the chUa tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho khach h a n g cae ATM thudng xuyen rui vao t r a n g t h a i bao tri, ngUng hoat dpng hoac he't tien vao p h a t n h a n lupng cua eae dpn vi, nghi l l , hay ehi tien rach, tien cu gay bdc xue eho khach hang sd dung dich vu the t h a n h toan Nguyen n h a n nhieu td chdc da p h a t h a n h the mpt each d a t khdng chu trpng dau tU md rpng mang ludi, n a n g eao chat lupng CP sd h a tang, cdng nghe dSn den tinh t r a n g eP sd tang ky thuat khdng dap dng dupe nhu cau sd dung eua khach hang
Viec ket ndi t h a n h toan the lien mang ehua tao dieu kien
thuan lpi cho khach h a n g Cu t h e , viec cac td chdc Smartlink - Banknetvn va VNBC cdng bd' k e t nd'i t h a n h toan the lien m a n g khdng ed nghia la the eua bat ky td ehde t h a n h vien thupc ba td chdc chuyen mach the neu t r e n cung cd the giao dich t a i EDC/POS cua ta't ca td chdc t h a n h toan the cdn lai Den t h a n g 12/2010, mdi ed 15 td ehde t h a m gia ke't nd'i t h a n h toan lien thdng qua EDC/POS he thdng boat dpng cua cac td chdc cung dng dich vu the thieu ddng bp Cac td ehde mud'n ke't nd'i t h a n h toan vdi phai dap dng eae tieu chuan de dam bao he thd'ng eua eae ben n h a n dien, hda m a n g dupc vdi Thd tu, ehinh saeh phi eho giao dieh the t h a n h toan edn nhieu vUdng mac; chu the p h a i t r a phi cho viec sd dung dich vu [9] Tuy nhien, de'n thdi diem hien tai, Ngan h a n g Nha nUde (NHNN) Viet Nam v l n ehua cho phep cac td chdc cung dng dieh vu the thu phi giao dieh the npi m a n g [7] Nhu vay, cac td chdc eung dng dieh vu the se gap nhieu khd k h a n viee giai quyet ngudn thu de t a i dau tu p h a t t r i e n m a n g ludi va n a n g eao chat lupng dieh vu the t h a n h toan dieu kien cP sd phap ly cho dich vu the t h a n h toan chUa hoan thien n h u hien Thd nam, khd k h a n viec md rpng t h a n h toan qua EDC/ PCS; de'n 30/06/2010 t h i trudng the t h a n h toan Viet Nam dupc t r a n g bi 41.342 EDC/POS nhung chi t a p trung d mpt so' td chdc h a n g dau ve dich vu t h e Theo Bao cao thudng nien cua Hpi the NHVN va t i n h toan eua n h d m tac gia, rieng 06 td chdc: NHTM cd p h a n Ngoai thuPng Viet Nam, NHTM cd p h a n Xang dau Petrolimex, NHTM cd p h a n Cdng thUPng, Ngan
nganhang
(3)II B NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO DOI
h a n g Ndng nghiep va P h a t trien Ndng thon Viet Nam, NHTM cd phan A Chau va NHTM cd phan Qudc te Viet Nam da t r a n g bi den 27.841 EDC/POS (chiem hpn 67,34% sd lupng EDC/POS toan thi trudng) [4] Hpn 40 td chdc cung dng dich vu the cdn lai chi chiem thi phan nho, dd nhieu td chdc cd cung dng dich vu the nhU khdng co EDC/POS '
Nguyen n h a n la cac dPn vi chap n h a n the chua m a n ma vdi viee chap n h a n t h a n h t o a n bdng the vi hp vda p h a i t r a phi eho td chdc eung dng dieh vu t h e , vda p h a i cdng k h a i doanh thu ban h a n g qua he thd'ng t h a n h toan b a n g t h e n e n khd t r d n t h u e Dieu n a y dat r a van de cac cP quan hdu quan va cac td chdc cung dng dich vu the can ed ehinh sach va giai p h a p phu hpp de khuyen khich cae dpn vi k i n h doanh h a n g hda, dieh vu md rpng viee chap n h a n t h a n h t o a n b a n g t h e , b a n ehe viee sd dung t i e n m a t t h a n h toan
D e x u a t g i a i p h a p p h a t t r i e n d i c h v u t h e t h a n h t o a n t a i V i e t N a m
De dich vu the t h a n h toan t a i Viet Nam den n a m 2020 dat cae ehi tieu n h u mdc p h a t h a n h 30 trieu the; 95% cae trung t a m thUo'ng mai, sieu thi, nha hang, khach san, cda h a n g tu chpn lap dat cac thie't bi chap n h a n t h a n h toan [1], nhdm tac gia de xua't mpt so' giai phap n h u sau:
Bdi vdi khdch dung the
hdng sd
Can t a n g cUdng n h a n thdc eua khach h a n g sd dung the thdng qua viee eung cap thong tin cP ban, day du ve nhdng lpi ich, ehi phi cung n h u nhdng rui ro gan lien vdi dieh vu t h a n h toan t h e Can day m a n h edng tae tuyen truyen eho ehu the hieu r a n g the t h a n h toan khdng chi de r u t tien m a t ma edn ed the dng dung nhdng tien ieh khae (thanh toan hda do'n, chuyen tien, t h a n h toan h a n g hda t a i eae dPn vi chap n h a n the); the t h a n h toan
khdng chi giao dieh t a i ATM ma cdn ed the giao dich qua EDC/POS va cac phupng tien t h a n h toan hien dai khac
Bdi vdi td chdc cung dng dich vu the
Cac td chdc cung dng dich vu the can dam bao chat lupng dich vu the thdng qua viec thudng xuyen kiem tra, giam sat tinh trang hoat dpng cua he thdng ATM, EDC/POS; ehu trpng edng tac tiep quy ddi vdi eae ATM; tang cUdng cac bien phap bao dam an toan lien quan den dich vu the toan Gida cac td chdc cung dng dich vu the rat can sU hpp tac vdi trUdc het la viee md rpng ket ndi toan the Tren cP sd cac td chdc eung dng dieh vu the da hoan giai doan ket ndi ATM lien mang, cac td ehde can day nhanh ke hoach ke't ndi toan EDC lien mang, thay ddi ma sd xac dinh chu the - PIN (Personal Identification Number) - lien mang, chuyen tien lien he thdng ngan hang qua the toan
(4)NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO DOI
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Ngoai ra, cae td chdc can hpp tae ve eong tac phdng ngda, xd ly rui ro; sU phdi hpp, chia se thong tin gida cac td ehde se tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho viee chu dpng phan tich, dua nhOCng bien phap phu hp'p va kip thdi viee Idem soat phdng ngira rui ro Tren CP sd cae thong tin td cae td chdc kinh doanh the, cae eP quan ehde nang nhu NHNN, Hpi the NHVN se ed nhiing danh gia thue te tinh hinh rui ro gian lan the, tang eudng edng tae quan ly, de nhdng giai phap thieh hpp hd trp eae td ehde vien
Bdi vdi cdc dcfn vi chdp nhdn the
Nha nude can tang cUdng edng tae tuyen truyen, dao tao eho eae dom vi chap nhan the ve lpi ieh, sU thuan tien cua viee chap nhan toan bang the Cac td chdc eung dng dich vu the can nang eao chat lupng dieh vu the va cung cap cae dich vu gia tang de thu hut cae dom vi chap nhan toan bang the Chinh phu cd ehe dp khuyen khieh ve mat tai chinh nbU giam thue cho dom vi chap nhan the dd'i vdi phan doanh thu toan bang the
Ngoai ra, nhdm tac gia cung cd mpt sd kien nghi ddi vdi NHNN Viet Nam va Hpi the NHVN nbu sau:
Bdi vdi NHNN Viet Nam
Sdm ban hanh Thdng tU hudng ddn thu va chia se phi giao dieh the nham hd trp cae td chdc eung dng dich vu the viee bu dap mpt phan cac khoan chi phi rat ldn de dau tU, van hanh he tho'ng dich vu the va nang cao chat lupng dieh vu the, mat khae thay ddi dan thdi quen sd dung the m i l n phi cua khach hang thdi gian qua
Cd ke hoach dinh hudng eho cac td ehde eung dng dieh vu the viec nang cap, chuyen ddi va ap dung cdng nghe the thdng minh de dam bao an toan, han che rui ro d mdc tdi thieu hoat dpng kinh doanh the Can cd vao ke hoach nay, cac td chdc cung dng dich vu the se chu dpng nghien cdu, xay dUng ke hoach va cd dinh hudng dau tu cP sd tang ky thuat de phat trien dieh vu the mpt each thieh hpp nham dam bao tinh hieu qua hoat dpng kinh doanh dich vu the cua minh
Bdi vdi Hgi the NHVN
Phat huy tdi da vai trd cau ndi, gan ket cae td chdc vien vdi vi lpi ieh chung, bd qua nhdng lpi ich ca biet de cung phat trien thi trudng the viec day manh hoat dpng cua Tieu ban Quan ly rui ro theo chdc nang da de ra: ehuyen trach ve cdng tac quan ly rui ro d cap dp lien ngan hang, dam bao cae boat dpng quan ly rui ro the dupe cap nhat va chia se thudng xuyen gida cac ngan hang, gdp phan tang cUdng hieu qua kinh doanh the cho eae td chdc t h a n h vien
Thue day nhanh sU hpp tae ddng bp eua cac td chdc cung
dng dieh vu the viec md rpng ke't nd'i t h a n h toan the cung nhu ke hoach chuyen ddi td cdng nghe the td sang cdng nghe the thdng minh tai Viet Nam Cd nhu vay, thi he thd'ng t h a n h toan the d Viet Nam mdi thuc sU thd'ng nha't t h a n h mpt md'i, tao dieu kien thuc day t h a n h toan khdng dung tien m a t tai Viet N a m "
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Chinh phu ViU Nam (2006), Di dn todn khong dung tien mat giai doan 2006-2010, Quyet dinh so 291 /2006/ QD-TTg ngdy 29/12/2006 2 HQI the Ngdn hdng Viit Nam (2010), Bdo cdo ket qua cuQC hop cua Hoi the, Hiep hdi Ngdn hdng vdi Bo Cong an vi cdc vu trom tien tai may ATM, Cong vdn sd 255/HTNH
3 Hoi thi Ngdn hdng ViH Nam (2010), Bdo cdo Hoi thdo Qudn ly rui ro kinh doanh the
4 HQI thi Ngdn hdng Vi?t Nam (2010), Bdo cdo tdng hap so li$u thi tinh din ngdy 30/06/2010, Cong vdn sd 118/ HTNH ngdy 27/07/2010
5 Hdi thi Ngdn hdng ViU Nam (2010), Bdo cdo thudng nien ndm 2009 6 Ngdn hdng Nhd nddc Vi^t Nam (2010), Thu thap thdng tin qudn ly rui ro thi vd ddy manh todn qua POS, Cdng vdn sd 7723/NHNN-TT ngdy 08/10/2010
7 Ngdn hdng Nhd nddc Vi^t Nam (2010), Kiin nghi cua Hgi thi tai Hdi nghi thudng niin ndm 2010, Cong vdn so 5361 /NHNN-TT ngdy 19/07/2010 8 Ngdn hdng Nhd nddc ViH Nam (2008), Du thdo Quyit dinh ban hdnh ke hoach chuyen ddi sang cdng nghi thi chip cho cdc Td chdc phdt hdnh thi, Td chdc todn the tai Viit Nam, Cong vdn sd 298/BTT3 ngdy 11/06/2008
9 Ngdn hdng Nhd nddc Viet Nam (2007), Ban hdnh Quy chi phdt hdnh, thanh todn, sd dung vd cung cdp dich vu hd tra hoat dong thi ngdn hdng, Quyit dinh sd 20 /2007/ QD-NHNN ngdy 15/05/2007