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Đảo ngữ trong tiếng anh
INVERSION IN ENGLISH 1. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT No + N + auxiliary + S + Verb(inf) Not any + N + auxiliary + S + verb(inf) Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on = Not any money shall I lend you from now on 2. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever, .hiếm khi mà Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V Never in mid-summer does it snow Hardly ever does he speak in the public Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar. 3. Đảo ngữ với ONLY Only one Only later Only in this way: Only in that way: Only in this way could the problem be solved Only one did I meet her Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V Only after+ N: Chỉ sau khi làm gì Only after all guest had gone home could we relax Only by V_ing/ N: Chỉ bằng cách làm gì Only by practising English everyday can you speak it fluently Only when+ clause: Chỉ khi làm gì Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known. Only when I understand her did I like her Only with+ N: Chỉ với cái gì Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car. Only if + clause Only in + adv of time/ place 4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No At no time: Không bao giờ The result of the match was never in doubt => At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt On no condition On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không On no accout must this switch be touched. On no account should you be late for the Exam. Under/ in no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không Under no circumstances should you lend him the money. For no reason In no way: Không sao có thể In no way could I agree with you. 1 Chỉ bằng cách này/ kia No longer: Không còn nữa The money is not tobe paid under any circumstances = Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid On no condition shall we accept their proposal By no means: Hoàn toàn không By no means does he intend to criticize your idea. 5. No sooner than .Vừa mới .thì đã . Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely When/ before Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone rang. (= I had hardly arrived home when the telephone rang.) Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep. (= She had scarcely finished reading when she fell asleep.) Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack. (= They had barely won the match when the coach had a heart attack.) No sooner had the company launched its new product than it went bankrupt. (= The company had no sooner launched its new product than it went bankrupt.) No sooner did they realize that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt. (= They no sooner realized that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.) 6. Đảo ngữ với Not only . but also .không những…….mà còn… Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V… hoặc Not only + trợ động từ + S + V but also Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly Not only does he study well, but also he sings well. 7. Đảo ngữ với SO So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep. So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare. So dark is it that I can't write So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself So difficult was the exam that few student pass it So attractive is she that many boys run after her So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview 8. Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau: “Such + to be + Danh từ +…” · Such is the moment that all greats traverse. (Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao). · Such is the stuff of dreams. (Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa). Lưu ý: Thường khi gặp “so great, so much + Noun” thì ta dùng đảo ngữ với “such” The problem is so great that everybody is concerned of it. => Such is the problem that everybody is concerned of it. There is so much uncertainty that I will not invest my money. => Such is there uncertainty that I will not invest my money. 9. Đảo ngữ với until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V I won't come home till 10 o'clock =Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home 2 = It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home = Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key 10. Đảo ngữ với No where+ Au+ S+V No where in Vietnam is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country 11. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện a, Câu đk loại 1: If clause = should+S+V (Lưu ý: Dùng SHOULD để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn) Should she come late she wil miss the train Should he lend me some money I will buy that house b, Câu đk loại 2:If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S (Lưu ý: Dùng WERE TO để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn) If I were you I would work harder =Were I you If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her c, Câu đk loại 3 : If clause = Had+S+V 3 ED If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam = Had my parents not encouraged me . CÁC CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG ĐỀ THI ĐẠI HỌC CAO ĐẲNG CÁC NĂM Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2005 50. She not only passed the exam but also got a prize. (Not only) Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2004 47. The Picasso painting was so expensive that nobody could buy it. Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng 1 10. We didn't realize how serious the situation was. Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng 3 8. No sooner had we started the picnic, the rain began pouring down! A. than B. when C. that D. and 23. If the police had found out, I would have been in trouble. Were . Đề thi tuyển sinh Bến Tre 10. Hardly attack people. A. have snakesB. do snakes C. snakes do D. snakes have 2. Woman in developed countries no longer bear many children. No longer . Đề thi tuyển sinh CĐSP Trà Vinh 41. Woman nowadays no longer depend on their husband. No longer . Đề thi tuyển sinh Học viện Ngân hàng – Phân viện TP. Hồ Chí Minh 5. John didn't celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing. Not until . Đề thi tuyển sinh Học viện quan hệ Quốc tế 2. He never suspected that she was a witch. At no time Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2010 Question 42: ______ but he also proved himself a good athlete. A. Not only he showed himself a good student 3 B. He did not show himself only a good student C. Not only did he show himself a good student D. A good student not only showed him Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học năm 2009 Question 9: Not until the end of the 19th century ______ become a scientific discipline. A. plant breeding has B. did plant breeding C. plant breeding had D. has plant breeding Question 28: Had she worked harder last summer, she ______. A. wouldn't have been sacked B. wouldn't have sacked C. wouldn't sack D. wouldn't be sacked Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2009 Question 44: ______ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came. A. No longer has B. No sooner had C. Not until had D. Hardly had Question 61: Only when you grow up ______ the truth. A. you will know B. you know C. do you know D. will you know Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2008 Câu 71: ______, he would have learned how to read. A. If he has been able to go school as a child B. If he could go to school as a child C. Were he able to go to school as a child D. Had he been able to go to school as a child Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2008 Câu 23: _______, they would have had what they wanted. A. If they arrived at the fair early B. Had they arrived at the fair early C. Unless they arrived at the fair early enough D. Supposing they were arriving at the fair early Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2007 Câu 12: _______ that she burst into tears. A. Her anger was such B. So angry she was C. She was so anger D. Such her anger was Câu 25: No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back. A. As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone. B. Scarcely had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back. C. Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately. D. She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back. Câu 30: Never before ______ as accelerated as they are now during the technological age. A. have historical changes been B. have been historical changes C. historical changes have been D. historical have changes been BÀI TẬP LUYỆN THÊM Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ 1. She had never been so happy before. --> Never had she been so happy before. 2. I have never heard such nonsense! --> Never have I heard such nonsense! 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. --> Never have I seen such a mess in my life. 4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. --> Seldom has public borrowing been so high. 5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. --> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony. 6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success. --> Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success. 7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent. --> Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent. 8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed. --> Hardly had I begun to apologise when the door closed. 9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property. --> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property. 10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony. --> No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony. 11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face. 4 --> Only when Tom saw his wife’s face did he understand the meaning of the comment. 12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances. --> Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals. 13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice. --> Rarely did the artist pay any attention to his agent’s advice. Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi. 1. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted. –> So great was her grief that she almost fainted. 2. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk. –> No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter. 3. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her. –> Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her. 4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later. –> Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed. 5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John. –> Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs John. 6. The outcome of the election was never in doubt. –> At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt. 7. He forgot about the gun until he got home. –> Not until he got home did he remember about the gun. 8. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday. –> Only by training hard everyday can you become a good athlete. 5 Một số cấu trúc đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh (Inversion) Trong tiếng Anh, hiện tượng đảo ngữ là một hiện tượng khó và ít thường xuyên được sử dụng. Đảo ngữ thường được sử dụng khi muốn nhấn mạnh Trong tiếng Anh, hiện tượng đảo ngữ là một hiện tượng khó và ít thường xuyên được sử dụng. Đảo ngữ thường được sử dụng khi muốn nhấn mạnh. Chúng ta thử cùng Enci khám phá một vài cách đảo ngữ thông dụng nhé! 1. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT No + N + auxiliary + S + Verb(inf) Not any + N + auxiliary + S + verb(inf) Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on = Not any money shall I lend you from now on. (Mình sẽ không cho cậu vay một đồng nào kể từ bây giờ) 2. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever, . Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + auxiliary + S + V Eg: Never in mid-summer does it snow. (Không bao giờ có tuyết vào giữa mùa hè) Hardly ever does he speak in the public. (Hiếm khi anh ta nói trước đám đông) 3. Đảo ngữ với ONLY only later only in this way only in that way only then + auxiliary + S + V only after + N only by V_ing/ N only when + clause only with + N only if + clause only in adv of time/ place Eg: Only after all guest had gone home could we relax. (Chỉ sau khi khách khứa về hết, chúng tôi mới được thư giãn) Only when I understand her did I like her. (Chỉ khi tôi đã hiểu, tôi mới thích cô ấy) Only by practising English every day can you speak it fluently. (Chỉ bằng cách luyện tập tiếng Anh hàng ngày bạn mới có thể nói trôi chảy) 6 4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No At no time On no condition On no account + auxiliary + S + N Under/ in no circumstances For no searson In no way No longer Eg: For no reason whall you play truant. The money is not tobe paid under any circumstances = Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid. On no condition shall we accept their proposal. 5. No sooner than Hardly/ Bearly/ Scarely When/ before Eg: No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. Hardly had she put up her umbrella before the rain becam down in torrents. 6. Đảo ngữ với Not only but also Not only + auxiliary + S + V but also Eg: Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well. Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly. 7. Đảo ngữ với SO So + adj/ adv + auxiliary + S + V + that clause Eg: So dark is it that I can't write. So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself. So difficult was the exam that few student pass it. So attractive is she that many boys run after her. 8. So + adjective + be + N + clause Eg: So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview. 7 9. Đảo ngữ với until/ till + clause/ adv of time + auxiliary + S + V Eg: I won't come home till 10 o'clock = Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home = It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home. I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home = Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key. 10. Đảo ngữ với No where + auxiliary + S + V Eg: No where in the VN is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country. No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home. No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country. 11. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện a. Câu điều kiện loại 1: If clause = should + S + V Should she come late she wil miss the train should he lend me some money I will buy that house b. Câu điều kiện loại 2: If clause = Were S + to V/ Were + S If I were you I would work harder = Were I you . If I knew her I would invite her to the party = Were I to know her . c. Câu đk loại 3: If clause = Had + S + PII If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam. = Had my parents not encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam. III.7. Câu đảo ngữ Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ. Người ta gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ. Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động từ chính: Ví dụ: Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar. At no time (= never) did I say I would accept late homework. 1. Câu đảo ngữ có chứa trạng từ phủ định: Nhìn chung, câu đảo ngữ thường được dùng để nhấn mạnh tính đặc biệt của một sự kiện nào đó và thường được mở đầu bằng một phủ định từ. • Nhóm từ: never (không bao giờ), rarely (hiếm khi), seldom (hiếm khi). Câu đảo ngữ chứa những trạng từ này thường được dùng với động từ ở dạng hoàn thành hay động từ khuyết thiếu và có thể chứa so sánh hơn. Ví dụ: Never have I been more insulted! (Chưa bao giờ tôi bị lăng mạ hơn thế). Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion. Seldom has he seen anything stranger. (Hiếm khi anh ấy nhìn thấy một cái gì kì lạ hơn thế). Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable. 8 • Nhóm từ: hardly (hầu như không), barely (chỉ vừa đủ, vừa vặn), no sooner (vừa mới), or scarcely (chỉ mới, vừa vặn). Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng ngữ này thường được dùng để diễn đạt một chuỗi các sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ví dụ: Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang. (Hiếm khi chuông cửa reo mà tôi thức dậy). No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door. (Khi anh ấy vừa mới ăn tối xong thì chị ta bước vào cửa). 2. Nhóm từ kết hợp sau “Only” như: only after, only when, only then… Only after/only when/only then/only if + trợ động từ + S + V… Only by + noun/V-ing + trợ động từ / động từ khuyết thiếu + S + V….: chỉ bằng cách làm gì Ví dụ: Only then did I understand the problem. (Chỉ sau lúc đó tôi mới hiểu ra được vấn đề). Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task. Only by studying hard can you pass this exam. Chú ý: nếu trong câu có hai mệnh đề, chúng ta dùng đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ hai: Only when you grow up, can you understand it. Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you. Only after the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before. 3. Nhóm từ: So, Such Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau: So + tính từ + to be + Danh từ … Ví dụ: So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep. (Tình huống này kì lạ khiến tôi không thể ngủ được). So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare. (Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần 3 tháng chuẩn bị). Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau: “Such + to be + Danh từ +…” Ví dụ: Such is the moment that all greats traverse. (Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao). Such is the stuff of dreams. (Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa). 4. Not only….but also… :không những…….mà còn… Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V… Ví dụ: Not only does he study well, but also he sings well. 5. Một số cấu trúc khác • In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không. Under no circumstances should you lend him the money. • On no account: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không On no accout must this switch be touched. • Only in this way: Chỉ bằng cách này Only in this way could the problem be solved • In no way: Không sao có thể In no way could I agree with you. • By no means: Hoàn toàn không By no means does he intend to criticize your idea. • Negative ., nor + auxiliary + S + V He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow. • Khi một mệnh đề mở đầu bằng các thành ngữ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc trật tự thì động từ chính có thể đảo lên chủ ngữ nhưng tuyệt đối không được sử dụng trợ động từ trong trường hợp này. Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary) In front of the museum is a statue. First came the ambulance, then came the police. (Thoạt đầu là xe cứu thương chạy đến, tiếp sau là cảnh sát.) • Khi một ngữ giới từ làm phó từ chỉ địa điểm hoặc phương hướng đứng ở đầu câu, các nội động từ đặt lên trước chủ ngữ nhưng tuyệt đối không được sử dụng trợ động từ trong loại câu này. Nó rất phổ biến trong văn mô tả khi muốn diễn đạt một chủ ngữ không xác định: Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen. Directly in front of them stood a great castle. On the grass sat an enormous frog. Along the road came a strange procession. • Tân ngữ mang tính nhấn mạnh cũng có thể đảo lên đầu câu: Not a single word did he say. • Các phó từ away ( = off ), down, in, off, out, over, round, up . có thể theo sau là một động từ chuyển động và sau đó là một danh từ làm chủ ngữ: – Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up .+ motion verb + noun/noun phrase as a subject. 9 Away went the runners. Down fell a dozen of apples . – Nhưng nếu một đại từ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ thì động từ phải để sau chủ ngữ: Away they went. Round and round it flew. – Trong tiếng Anh viết (written English) các ngữ giới từ mở đầu bằng các giới từ down, from, in, on, over, out of, round, up . có thể được theo sau ngay bởi động từ chỉ vị trí (crouch, hang, lie, sit, stand .) hoặc các dạng động từ chỉ chuyển động, các động từ như be born/ die/ live và một số dạng động từkhác. From the rafters hung strings of onions. In the doorway stood a man with a gun. On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot. Over the wall came a shower of stones. *Chú ý: các ví dụ trên có thể diễn đạt bằng một V-ing mở đầu cho câu và động từ to be đảo lên trên chủ ngữ: Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion. Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun. Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot. Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ 1. She had never been so happy before. 2. I have never heard such nonsense! 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. 4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. 5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. 6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success. 7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent. 8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed . 9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property. 10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony. 11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face. 12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances. 13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice. Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi. 1. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted. –> So…………………………………………. 2. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk. –> No sooner…………………………………………………… 3. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her. –> Hardly…………………………………………………………… 4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later. –> Only when…………………………………………………… 5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John. –> Nowhere………………………………………… 6.–> The outcome of the election was never in doubt. –> At no time……………………………………. 7. He forgot about the gun until he got home. –> Not until……………………………… 8. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday. –> Only by………………………………………………………… Bài 1: 1. She had never been so happy before. --> Never had she been so happy before. 2. I have never heard such nonsense! --> Never have I heard such nonsense! 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. --> Never have I seen such a mess in my life. 4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. --> Seldom has public borrowing been so high. 5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. --> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony. 6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success. --> Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success. 7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent. --> Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent. 8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed. --> Hardly had I begun to apologise when the door closed. 9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property. --> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property. 10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony. --> No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony. 11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face. --> Only when Tom saw his wife’s face did he understand the meaning of the comment. 10 . số cấu trúc đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh (Inversion) Trong tiếng Anh, hiện tượng đảo ngữ là một hiện tượng khó và ít thường xuyên được sử dụng. Đảo ngữ thường. muốn nhấn mạnh Trong tiếng Anh, hiện tượng đảo ngữ là một hiện tượng khó và ít thường xuyên được sử dụng. Đảo ngữ thường được sử dụng khi muốn nhấn mạnh.