Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology Course Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Presenter: Trần Nguyễn Thiện Tâm Falcuty: Geology & Petroleum Engineering Department: Drilling - Production Email: trantam2512@hcmut.edu.vn 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Chapter Exploration Tools and Methods 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Learning outcomes 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Contents Introduction Exploration elements & objectives Geophysical methods Seismic exploration Formation evaluation ``` 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Introduction The objective of any exploration venture is to find new volumes of hydrocarbons at a low cost and in a short period of time The petroleum geoscientist uses awide range of tools to help explore and produce petroleum 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering The elements of the task Our first objective in exploration is to identify the geological situations where accumulations of petroleum are possible From our geological studies we know that these situations are characterized by five features: a source rock, a reservoir rock, a migration path, a trap, and a seal 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Source rock 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Source rock In the context of the source rock, then, the task of our geophysical methods is to reveal: • the rock type; • the volume; • the conditions of deposition; • the temperature/burial history; and • the original organic content Geophysical methods can make some contribution to all these factors except the last 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Reservoir rock 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Reservoir rock In the context of the reservoir rock, then, the task of our geophysical methods is to reveal: • the type of rock; • its thickness, extent and volume; • the conditions of deposition and the shape (these often define the type of body and the direction of preferred permeability ); • the present porosity; and • the present permeability Again geophysical methods can make some contribution to all these factors except the last Occasionally, geophysical methods can also give some indication of the saturant, particularly if it is gas 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 10 Marine data acquisition 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 63 Marine data acquisition 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 64 Marine data acquisition 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 65 Marine data acquisition 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 66 Marine data acquisition 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 67 Marine data acquisition 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 68 Marine data acquisition Seismic air gun 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 69 Marine data acquisition Seismic air guns 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 70 Marine data acquisition Hydrophone streamer 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 71 Marine data acquisition Detailed view of a seismic streamer; hose filled with oil, including the hydrophones for recording 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 72 Land data acquisition 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 73 Land data acquisition 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 74 Borehole seismic surveying In vertical seismic profiling (VSP) the seismic source is placed at the surface and the receiver array is lowered down a borehole In the case of borehole tomography both source and receiver array are lowered into (different) boreholes and the source is fired at different depths Typically the seismic sources use higher frequencies than in surface seismic surveys 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 75 Summary 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 76 Chapter The End 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 77 ...Chapter Exploration Tools and Methods 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Learning outcomes 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Contents Introduction Exploration elements... our geophysical methods is to reveal: • the type of rock; • its thickness, extent and volume; • the conditions of deposition and the shape (these often define the type of body and the direction... geophysical methods can make some contribution to all of these factors, but never with the certainty we would wish 3/29/21 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering 26 Exploration Tools The Tools: Models,