II/ TAG QUESTION: A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-question. We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation or agreement. They are very common in English.  The basic structure is: + - Positive statement, nagative tag? Ex: Snow is white, isn't it? Peter helped you, didn't he? Mary will come, won't she? The weather should be bad, shouldn't it? - + Negative statement positive tag? Ex : There wasn’t enough time, was there? But he can't swim, can he? We'd never have known, would we? This won't work, will it?  Answers to tag questions: Answer a tag question according to the truth of the situation. Your answer reflects the real facts, not (necessarily) the question. Ex: The moon goes around the earth, doesn’t it? ~Yes, it does. The Asian people don’t like rice, do they? ~Yes, they do. The English alphabet doesn’t have 40 letters, does it? ~No, it doesn’t. Snow is black, isn’t it? ~No, it isn’t.  Some special cases : 1) Ex: I am right, aren’t I? -> aren’t I ( not amn’t I) You have to go, don’t you? -> you (do) have to go… He’d better do it, hadn’t he? -> he had better (no auxiliary) 2) The statements which contain these words neither, no (adjective), none, no one, nobody, nothing, (semi-negative words) scarcely, barely, hardly, hardly ever, seldom rarely never are used as negative statements and followed by positive tag. Ex: No salt is allowed, is it? Nothing was said, was it? Peter hardly ever goes to parties, does he? You rarely go out at midnight, do you? He met nobody at the corner, did he? Neither of them could speak English, could they? 3) When anyone, nobody, none, neither, something, everyone, someone, etc is the subject in the statement, we use it in the tag to refer to something or nothing and they in the tag to refer to someone or nobody Ex: Everyone warned you, didn’t they? Someone had recognized him. hadn’t they? Something happened at Jack’s house, didn’t it? Neither of them complained, did they? 4) Question tags with imperatives and let’s : After imperatives, we sometimes add will you?, won’t you?, etc. We use won’t for invitations and can, can’t, will, would for orders. After let’s we add shall we? Ex: Don’t stay there long, will you? Help me, can’t you? Let’s have buttered scones with strawberry jam for tea, shall we? Close the door, would you? 5) Omission of pronoun subject and auxiliary verb: In very informal speech, we sometimes leave out pronoun subjects, auxiliary verbs and verb to be in the sentence. Ex: Awful weather, isn’t it? (= It’s awful weather, isn’t it?) Keeping well, are you? (= You’re keeping well, aren’t you?) Nobody at home, is there? (= There’s nobody at home, is there?) 6) Same-way question tags: We use same-way question tags to express interest, surprise, anger etc,and not to make real question Ex: So she’s having a baby, is she? That’s wonderful. (positive-positive structure) You don’t think that’s amusing, do you? Think again. (positive-positive structure) Peter doesn’t like my looks, doesn’t he? (negative-negative structure -> rather hostile) 7) Negative Adjectives He is unhappy, ? It’s inexpensive. ? It’s illegal, ? 8) Negative Adverds He did this incorrectly, ? The price increases unreasonably, ?  Intonation : If we use rising intonation in the tag, we do not know or are not sure what the answer will be. If we use a falling intonation in the tag, we are simply seeking agreement. Ex: You haven’t seen my tennis shoes, have you? (  rising) ~No, I’m sorry. I haven’t. I couldn’t borrow your dress by any chance, could you? (  rising) ~No. They wouldn’t fit you. It’s been a lovely wedding, hasn’t it? (  falling) ~Wonderful. I thought David looked handsome and well-groomed in his wedding dress, didn’t he? (  falling) ~Yes, he did. Absolutely handsome. How can you make these tag question: Scarcely did he go to the movies, ? It’s incredible that he didn’t pass the exam, ? Mr. John was not unhappy, ? The event isn’t unreal, ? He was not incompetent, ? I’m not never hear of nothing like this, ? He didn’t respect others unthinkably, ? question tags with imperatives Sometimes we use question tags with imperatives (invitations, orders), but the sentence remains an imperative and does not require a direct answer. We use won't for invitations. We use can, can't, will, would for orders. imperative + question tag notes: invitation Take a seat, won't you? Polite (invitations) order Help me, can you? quite friendly Help me, can't you? quite friendly (some irritation?) Close the door, would you? quite polite Do it now, will you? less polite Don't forget, will you? with negative imperatives only will is possible . II/ TAG QUESTION: A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-question. We use tag questions at. have known, would we? This won't work, will it?  Answers to tag questions: Answer a tag question according to the truth of the situation. Your answer