A complete English language course part 8

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A complete English language course part 8

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A SSISTANT : We haven’t got any lager today. J ENNY : Oh. What kind of beer have you got, then? A SSISTANT : We haven’t got any. J ENNY : No beer? OK, I’ll have a glass of wine. A SSISTANT : Red or white? J ENNY : Red, please. A SSISTANT : We haven’t got any more red, unfortunately. J ENNY : Oh for goodness sake! – white, then! A SSISTANT : We haven’t got any white either. J ENNY : Just give me three bags of crisps, then. A SSISTANT : Sold out. J ENNY : No beer, no wine, no crisps, What kind of pub is this? A SSISTANT : A bad one. Language point 25 – ‘have’ We saw got in Language point 24 – but got is also used with have to show possession in colloquial English. In Dialogue 3 the barman says: We haven’t got any lager 54 Idiom • When something is sold out it means the shop has sold it all and there’s none left: We’ve sold out of oranges = ‘We’ve sold all our oranges (so you can’t buy any here)’ • We say for goodness sake when we are irritated or cross about something, or we are losing our patience with the situation. It’s not rude when said to people that you are on informal or friendly terms with. Oh hurry up, for goodness sake! Oh for goodness sake, stop complaining! Look at some more examples: I’ve got five pounds Terry hasn’t got any money at all Susan’s got a Ferrari Have you got a ten-pound note? Notice that got doesn’t change, but that have changes to has for the third person singular, and that we use SHORT FORMS of have in state- ments, and LONG FORMS + n’t in the negative: I’ve I haven’t you’ve you haven’t he’s he hasn’t she’s got she hasn’t got we’ve we haven’t they’ve they haven’t This meaning of got is different from the one Helen uses in Dialogue 2, when she says I got some apples. Compare these two sentences: I got some apples = ‘I bought some apples’ (action of getting) I’ve got some apples = ‘I have some apples’ (possession) We’ve already seen that get/got has a number of different meanings – and this is true of have as well. Jenny says: I’ll have a glass of wine Here she isn’t talking about possession, she’s using I’ll have to order a drink or say what she wants. Similarly, if someone wants to buy someone else a drink, they often say: What’ll you have? Because this isn’t possession, we don’t use have got, so we can’t say: ‘I’ll have got a glass of wine. ’ ‘What’ll you have got? ’ We’ll see other uses of have in later units. 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1211 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4211 55 Exercise 5 These sentences all use have got to talk about possession – change them as indicated. The first two are done for you. 1 Dave’s got a new car. [?] Has Dave got a new car? 2 You haven’t got a phone. [?] Have you got a phone? 3 Has he got time? [+] _____________________ 4 I haven’t got enough time. [+] _____________________ 5 Have they got enough money? [–] _____________________ 6 Su’s got a car. [–] _____________________ 7 We haven’t got the tickets. [?] _____________________ 8 Has Fiona got them? [+] _____________________ Exercise 6 Put a tick against the possession sentences, and a cross against the others. 1 I have eggs for breakfast every morning. __ 2 Jenny’s got a big paper bag. __ 3 Have you got any money on you? __ 4 I’ll have a cup of coffee, please. __ 5 My brother hasn’t got a jacuzzi. __ 6 Jenny got a big paper bag. __ 7 The children are having fun. __ 8 What’ll you have? __ 9 Henry got a letter this morning. __ 10 Has your house got central heating? __ Dialogue 4 Dave isn’t happy with the bill. D AVE : Could you check this bill for me – I don’t think it’s right. W AITER : Certainly. First, did you have two coffees? D AVE : Yes. Then I had a Danish pastry and my friend here had a roll and butter. W AITER :[ticking them off on the bill] OK. Then you had two mineral waters. D AVE : No. I didn’t have a mineral water. My friend had one, but I had another coffee. W AITER : Ah . . . sorry about that. You were right, and I was wrong. 56 Language point 26 – ‘two coffees’ We saw in Language point 23 that words such as coffee are UNCOUNTABLE (UC), and that this means that they: • can’t have plurals • can’t be used with numbers But in Dialogue 4 the waiter says: Did you have two coffees ? We also saw that UC nouns can’t be used with a/an, but Dave says: I didn’t have a mineral water These examples seem to break the rules, but they don’t. Some uncountable nouns can also be countable (C) in special cases: • coffee (UC) = the drink itself • coffee (C) = ‘a cup of coffee’ – cup is a COUNTABLE noun, so coffee is countable when it means this, and it behaves like any other countable noun: a coffee two coffees Another example of a UC/C noun is paper: it means the material itself when it’s UC, but it means newspaper when it’s C: I’m going to buy some paper (UC) (to write on) I’m going to buy a paper (C) (to read) 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1211 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4211 57 Idiom • We use sorry, of course, to apologise to someone. If we want to refer back to the situation or incident we’re apologising for, we say sorry about that. Most dictionaries for learners of English will tell you when a noun can be both UC and C. Some books and dictionaries call UC nouns MASS NOUNS . Language point 27 – ‘don’t think’ In Dialogue 4, Dave is unhappy with the bill. He thinks to himself: The bill isn’t right but then he says to the waiter: I don’t think it’s right not ‘I think it isn’t right ’ In colloquial English we don’t usually say I think when what follows is NEGATIVE – instead we change it round and say I don’t think + POSITIVE . Here are some more examples: I don’t think Sarah’s coming (Sarah isn’t coming) I don’t think you’re right (you aren’t right) I don’t think we’ve got time (we haven’t got time) Exercise 7 Change the following into ‘I don’t think . . .’ sentences. The first one is done for you. 1 Kath isn’t here. I don’t think Kath’s here 2 My watch isn’t working properly. _____________________ 3 The children aren’t hungry. _____________________ 4 That’s not important. _____________________ 5 The coffee isn’t very nice. _____________________ 6 We aren’t on the right bus. _____________________ 7 This bus doesn’t go to the airport. _____________________ 8 You don’t understand. _____________________ 9 Henry doesn’t read books. _____________________ 10 The students aren’t listening. _____________________ 58 Dialogue 5 Su is at the supermarket checkout, where the checkout assistant asks her if she has a card. C/ ASSISTANT : Have you got a MegaSave card? S U : No. How do I get one? C/ ASSISTANT : Just fill in this form – it’s quite simple. S U :[begins to fill it in] What about my postcode – I can’t remember what it is. C/ ASSISTANT : Leave it out for now – we can fill that in for you later. S U : Oh look! Now I’ve made mistake with my phone number. Shall I tear it all up and start again? C/ ASSISTANT : No, no! Just cross it out and write it in again over the top. [Su fills in the form] S U : What do I do with it now? C/ ASSISTANT : Give it back to me. Your card will arrive in the post in a day or two. S U : Thanks. Language point 28 – ‘one’, ‘another’ and ‘other’ When a countable noun has already been mentioned, we can use one to refer to it again: Fred had a coffee , and I had one too I need a pencil – have you got one? I’ll have a beer – what about you? – I’ll have one as well Another /ə`nðə r / is an ADJECTIVE used with SINGULAR C nouns – it is made up of an + other, but it is written as one word. It has two different meanings: I’ll have another coffee, please (= one more) Give me another cup, please (= a different one) When we use another without the noun, we often add one: This cup is dirty – can I have another? or This cup is dirty – can I have another one? 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1211 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4211 59 But other adjectives can’t stand on their own in English – if the noun is not stated, then one must take its place: (I prefer the red hat) I prefer the red one not ‘I prefer the red’ (I need a blue shirt) I need a blue one not ‘I need a blue ’ Other is different from another: • it can be used with both SINGULAR and PLURAL nouns: the other man, other men, the other men • when it’s used with the, we write it as two words, not one: another, but the other not ‘theother ’ • we can’t use it to mean ‘one more’ – Can I have another biscuit? (one more) Can I have the other biscuit? (a different one) There is a PLURAL PRONOUN the others: Where are the others? = ‘Where are the other ones?’ but we don’t normally use the singular: Where is the other one? not ‘Where is the other? ’ Exercise 8 Correct the following sentences. Be careful – two of them don’t need correcting. 1 This fork is dirty – can I have other one? 2 I don’t like these shoes – can I try the other? 3 Would you like other cup of tea? 4 Could you get me another one glass of milk? 5 This one’s OK but I prefer other one. 6 Another tea and two coffees, please. 7 James is here but where are the others? 8 I don’t like these – let me try another ones. 9 Another CD is better than this one. 10 Other one car is more expensive than this one. 60 Phrasal verbs cross out – ‘delete’; ‘draw a line through’. fill in – ‘complete (a form)’. give back (something) – ‘return (something)’. leave out – ‘omit’; ‘not include’. tear up – ‘destroy by tearing’. sell out (of something) – ‘sell all of something’. tick off – ‘make a mark with a pen or pencil against an item on a list’. write (something) in – ‘add something in writing’. Life and living – numbers and money Numbers Just as in most places in the world today, you won’t get far in the UK without money, especially when it’s time to do the shopping. But before that, you need the numbers! 1 one 6 six 11 eleven 16 sixteen 2 two 7 seven 12 twelve 17 seventeen 3 three 8 eight 13 thirteen 18 eighteen 4 four 9 nine 14 fourteen 19 nineteen 5 five 10 ten 15 fifteen 20 twenty Notice their pronunciation: /wn/ /sks/ /`lεvn/ /sks`tin/ /tu/ /`sεvn/ /twεlv/ /sεvn`tin/ /θri/ /εit/ /θ`tin/ /εi`tin/ /fɔ r / /nɑin/ /fɔ`tin/ /nɑin`tin/ /fɑiv/ /tεn/ /ff`tin/ /`twεnti/ 21 – twenty-one, etc. Now look at the tens: 30 thirty /`θti/ 70 seventy /`sεvnti/ 40 forty /`fɔti/ 80 eighty /`εiti/ 50 fifty /`ffti/ 90 ninety /`nɑinti/ 60 sixty /`sksti/ 100 a hundred /ə `hndrəd/ 200 – two hundred, etc. 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1211 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4211 61 We use and /n/ after hundred, but not after the tens: 501 five hundred and one /fɑivhndrədn`wn/ 346 three hundred and forty-six /θri:hndrədnfɔti`sks/ Although Britain is a member of the EU (European Union), it is not part of the European single currency (though it may join even- tually), and so does not use the euro /`jυərυ/ , although some shops do accept them, especially in large cities. The unit of currency in Britain is the pound (£) /pɑυnd/ , which is divided into 100 pence /pεns/ . Prices are said as follows: £2.49 two pounds forty-nine /tupɑυndzfɔti`nɑin/ or /tufɔti`nɑin/ 53p fifty-three pence /fftiθri`pi/ or /fftiθri`pεns/ British money comes in paper notes (£5, £10, £20 and £50) and metal coins (1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p, £1 and £2). In colloquial English a £10 note is called a tenner, and this is also used for a price of exactly £10: 62 How much do you want for this? – A tenner. Similarly, a £5 note is called a fiver. But you can’t use these words in prices generally: £10.58 ten fifty-eight As well as cash, you can pay for things with cheques or credit cards or debit cards. Credit cards are a way of borrowing money from the credit card company; debit cards are issued by your bank and simply allow you to use money from your account without having to write a cheque – the transaction goes through electronically. The commonest type of debit card is a Switch card – for example, you would say to the shop assistant, ‘Can I pay by Switch?’ or ‘Can I use Switch for this?’ Glossary member – someone or something that belongs to an organisation single currency – the monetary system of the European Union eventually – in the end; some time in the future euro – the EU unit of currency cash – banknotes and coins, not cheques issued – given to you by an organisation account – where you keep your money at the bank transaction – the act of buying something and paying for it 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1211 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4211 63 . _____________________ 58 Dialogue 5 Su is at the supermarket checkout, where the checkout assistant asks her if she has a card. C/ ASSISTANT : Have you got a MegaSave card?. right, and I was wrong. 56 Language point 26 – ‘two coffees’ We saw in Language point 23 that words such as coffee are UNCOUNTABLE (UC), and that this means

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