196 Section Guide to Reading A good writer supports generalizations with (A) concrete examples (B) curious (C) crude Many hunters wear orange and other bright colors in order to be as possible, and therefore avoid being shot by other hunters by mistake (A) covert (B) crucial 10 Movie directors use music to (A) contemplate (C) conspicuous the action on the screen (B) complement (C) compliment 11 Workers in the service sector should be trained to act as (A) crudely (B) courteously (B) coping with 13 Spies often engage in (A) covert as possible (C) curtly 12 Trouble-shooting is the process of identifying and (A) conceding as problems (C) craving activities (B) concrete (C) cordial 14 The Hurricane 3000 appears to be a very automobile, but it has a very unusual engine (A) conventional (B) copious 15 Professor Davenport is a very (C) cryptic person He has lived and taught in France, Italy, Japan, and Australia (A) conspicuous (B) cosmopolitan (C) covert 16 Everyone in the audience expected the governor's speech to be very his opponent, but in fact the governor was rather complimentary (A) crucial (B) comprehensive 17 World War I was the first major (A) conflict 18 The Earth is (A) curiously (C) critical of the twentieth century (B) craze (C) complement being bombarded by cosmic rays (B) conspicuously (C) constantly VOCABULARY EXERCISE damp adj moist, wet, humid daring adj bold, courageous, brave dazzling adj shining, sparkling, blinding, bright debris n wreckage, ruins, broken pieces declare v announce, proclaim defective adj flawed, faulty, broken, malfunctioning defiant adj rebellious, insubordinate of Reading Tutorial: Vocabulary Building delicate adj exquisite, fragile delightful adj charming, attractive, enchanting delusion illusion, dream, fantasy demolish v tear down, destroy, wreck dense adj thick, solid, packed desist v stop, cease, discontinue detect v observe, spot, sense, perceive determine v (1) decide, agree on; (2) control, shape, govern device n instrument, tool, mechanism devise v invent, plan, figure out dim adj unclear, faint, indistinct din n noise, clamor, commotion dire adj desperate, grievous, serious discard v abandon, leave behind dismal adj gloomy, depressing, dreary disperse v scatter, distribute, spread dispute n argument, quarrel, debate, clash, feud, conflict distinct adj discrete, separate, different distinguished adj celebrated, notable, famous, well known diversity n variety, assortment divulge v reveal, admit, disclose dogged adj stubborn, determined, persistent domestic adj (1) home, household, residential; (2) national dominate v rule, control, govern dominant adj strongest, main, ruling, leading dot v are located in, are scattered around; n spot, point downfall n collapse, defeat doze v sleep, nap drab adj dull, plain, uninteresting, dreary draw v (1) sketch, make a picture; (2) pull, attract drawback n disadvantage, weakness, flaw dreary adj dismal, gloomy, bleak, drab drench v wet, soak drowsy adj sleepy, tired dubious adj doubtful, skeptical, uncertain durable adj lasting, enduring, resistant dusk n evening, sunset, twilight dwell v live, reside, inhabit dwelling n house, home, residence dwindle v decrease, diminish dynamic adj energetic, forceful, active, vibrant 197 198 Section Guide to Reading DIRECTIONS: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabulary items (A), (B), or (C), according to the context of the sentences The snow on the mountaintop was (A) dazzling in the bright morning sun (B) dogged (C) dim Aperson who has been accused of a crime cannot be forced to mation that is self-incriminating (A) divulge (B) desist Roses have a any infor- (C) disperse beauty (A) dense (B) delicate An odometer is a (A) device (C) dire for measuring distance (B) delusion The amount of open space has developed (A) dominated (C) dwelling as more and more land has been (B) dwindled (C) dispersed Hermit crabs live in shells that have been (A) declared (B) divulged by other animals (C) discarded Richard Byrd and his pilot Floyd Bennett undertook a Pole in May of 1926 (A) daring (B) defiant Steep, round hills called knobs (A) demolish flight to the North (C) distinct southern Indiana (B) dot (C) dwell Artists Nathaniel Currier and James Merritt Ives produced some prints of nineteenth-century New England scenes that are prized for their charm (A) dreary (B) dim 10 Economists define months (A) durable 11 goods as ones intended to last more than four (B) dense One cause of the American Revolution was a (A) drawback (C) delightful (B) din (C) delicate over taxation (C) dispute 12 Florida has a humid climate Summers there are particularly hot and (A) dynamic (B) damp (C) dogged 13 All bookkeeping systems have certain advantages and certain (A) drawbacks (B) delusions (C) downfalls 14 A person suffering from hypothermia, the extreme loss of body heat, may first feel (A) dogged (B) distinguished (C) drowsy Reading Tutorial: Vocabulary Building 199 15 Handwriting experts try to compare a signature against at least three genuine specimens before judging its authenticity (A) dubious 16 Bats help (B) dismal seeds in tropical forests (A) devise 17 A carburetor (B) disperse (B) draws 18 Most nocturnal animals become active at (A) dusk Si (A) dogged = and go to sleep at dawn (B) dwelling (B) dominant 20 When drivers begin to feel some rest eal < (C) dots (C) dot Seoul has two airports, one for international flights and one for (A) domestic 21 (C) drench air into an engine and mixes it with fuel (A) desists 19 (C) dim flights (C) distinguished , they should pull off the road and get (B) dim (C) drowsy It was impossible to drive across the island after the hurricane because the roads were blocked with (A) downfall (B) dwelling (C) debris VOCABULARY EXERCISE eerie adj strange, odd, unusual, mysterious, frightening elderly adj old, aged electrify v excite, thrill, exhilarate elegant adj sophisticated, polished, stylish eligible adj suitable, qualified, acceptable elude v escape, avoid, evade, stay away from eminent adj celebrated, distinguished, famous emit v send out, discharge enchanting adj delightful, charming, captivating encounter v meet, find, come across; n meeting, confrontation endeavor n attempt, venture endorse v authorize, approve, support enhance v intensify, amplify, strengthen ensue v follow, result entice v lure, attract, tempt era n period, age, stage essential adj critical, vital, crucial, key F2 = h2 200 Section Guide to Reading esteem v cherish, honor, admire evade v escape, avoid, elude exhaustive adj thorough, complete, comprehensive exhilarating adj exciting, thrilling, stimulating, electrifying extravagant adj excessive, lavish fable n mythical story, tale fabled adj legendary, mythical, famous facet n aspect, point, feature faint adj dim, pale, faded, indistinct falter v hesitate, waver fancy adj decorative, ornate, elaborate fasten v attach, secure fatal adj mortal, lethal, deadly fatigue v tire, exhaust; n exhaustion, weariness faulty adj flawed, inferior feasible adj possible fee n payment, fare feeble adj weak, fragile, frail ferocious adj fierce, savage, violent feverish adj (1) running a temperature, having a fever, hot; (2) intense, busy fiery adj (1) blazing, burning; (2) passionate, fervent fitting adj suitable, proper, apt, appropriate flagrant adj blatant, obvious flaw n defect, imperfection, fault flee v escape, go away, elude fleeting adj short-lived, quick flimsy adj fragile, frail, weak, feeble foe n enemy, opponent forage v hunt, look for, search forego v abandon, give up foremost adj chief, principal, leading, dominant forge v (1) create, form, make; (2) falsify, fake, copy improperly fragment n particle, piece, bit fragrant adj aromatic, scented fraudulent adj false, deceptive, deceitful fundamental adj basic, integral, elemental fuse v join, combine, unite fusion n blend, merger, union futile adj useless, pointless, vain fuzzy adj (1) furry, hairy; (2) unclear, blurry, unfocused, hazy; (3) uncertain, indefinite Reading Tutorial: Vocabulary Building 201 DIRECTIONS: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabulary items (A), (B), or (C), according to the context of the sentences In 1906 much of San Francisco was destroyed by an earthquake and the fires that (A) evaded (B) ensued (C) encountered The writer H P Lovecraft wrote many (A) essential stories about the supernatural (B) eerie (C) extravagant Anew of aviation began in 1947 when Chuck Yeager became the first pilot to fly faster than the speed of sound (A) fable (B) endeavor (C) era Vance Packard’s book The Hidden Persuaders deals with the tactics advertisers use to consumers (A) endorse (B) entice Riding a roller coaster is (A) an exhilarating (C) enhance experience (B) a fancy Riveting is a means of metal plates together with hot metal bolts (A) enhancing (B) fleeing In the United States, citizens are (A) fitting Barracudas are waters (C) a feeble (C) fastening to vote at the age of eighteen (B) elderly (C) eligible predators, sometimes called the “tigers” of tropical (A) faulty (B) futile Certain gases such as neon (A) emit (C) ferocious light when exposed to an electrical current (B) evade (C) esteem 10 People make more mistakes when they are (A) exhaustive 11 A (B) eminent than when they are fresh (C) fatigued in ajewel makes it less valuable (A) fragment (B) facet 12 Honeysuckle is a plant that has (A) elderly (C) flaw white or yellowish blossoms (B) fragrant (C) fiery 13 Some insects can detect the ultrasonic pulses that bats use to detect their prey and can therefore the bats (A) evade 14 The snowy egret builds (A) a faint (B) forego (C) electrify nest from a few twigs and pieces of grass (B) an extravagant (©) a flimsy a Š z a 202 Section Guide to Reading 15 When lightning strikes sand, the intense heat sometimes the grains of sand into thin glass tubes called fulgurites (A) falters (B) fastens (C) fuses 16 A common carrier is a company that provides public transportation fora (A) fee 17 (B) fable (C) flaw Someone stole Robert's checkbook from his car and then checks (A) forged (B) fastened 18 The escaped prisoner was able to finally caught (A) elude his name on his (C) evaded police for several weeks before he was (B) forego (C) falter 19 During the hunter-gatherer stage of human development, people had to for their food (A) fuse 20 (B) forage (C) forge I didn’t focus the camera properly, so this photo of you is a little (A) futile (B) fuzzy (C) feverish VOCABULARY EXERCISE gag n (1) joke, trick; (2) something that prevents someone from speaking; v (1) choke for a moment, feel momentarily sick; (2) prevent someone from speaking gala adj festive, happy, joyous gap n break, breach, opening garrulous adj talkative, chatty gaudy adj showy, flashy, conspicuous genial adj pleasant, cordial, agreeable gentle adj mild, kind, considerate, nice genuine adj authentic, real, valid glitter v sparkle, shine, glisten glory n grandeur, majesty, fame gorgeous adj attractive, beautiful grade n quality, value, worth graphic adj (1) related to visual images; (2) clear, explicit, vivid grasp v (1) grab, seize, grip; (2) understand grave adj serious, grievous gregarious adj sociable, friendly grim adj severe, dreary, bleak, somber Reading Tutorial: Vocabulary Building 203 grip v hold, grasp, seize; n hold, grasp, possession grueling adj exhausting, difficult, arduous gullible adj innocent, naive, trusting, credulous hamper v delay, obstruct, hinder, block handful not many, only a few haphazard adj random, chance, aimless, unplanned hardly adv barely, scarcely hardship n difficulty, trouble harm v injure, damage harmful adj hurtful, destructive harmony accord, agreement, peace harmonious adj agreeable, friendly, peaceful harness v control, utilize harsh adj severe, rough, strict hasty adj quick, rushed, hurried hazardous adj dangerous, risky hazy adj (1) misty, cloudy, foggy; (2) unclear, fuzzy, obscure heed v obey, listen to, mind, follow hinder v block, obstruct, hamper hitherto adv up to now, previously, so far hoist v lift, raise, pick up hue color, tint, shade huge adj enormous, giant, colossal, immense hurl v pitch, throw, fling Directions: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabulary items (A), (B), or (C), according to the context of the sentences During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to materials to the upper floors (A) hurl (B) harness The 26-mile long Boston Marathon is a (A) gorgeous Dams can (A) heed (B) grueling (C) hoist foot race (C) hasty the power of rivers, but they may also destroy their beauty (B) harness (C) hurl The more facets a diamond has, the more it (A) glitters building (B) harms (C) hinders Many people celebrate the New Year with parties (A) gala (C) haphazard (B) grueling 204 Section Guide to Reading Think it over for a while; don’t make a (A) genuine Bad weather (A) hampered decision (B) gullible (C) hasty the rescue crews trying to locate the life rafts (B) grasped (C) harnessed Gorillas look ferocious but are actually quite (A) hazardous creatures (B) gentle (C) gorgeous I just got an e-mail from a stranger asking me to supply details about my bank account I can't believe that some people are enough to respond to that kind of request (A) garrulous (B) grim 10 Commercial fishing is one of the most (A) hazardous (C) gullible occupations (B) genial (C) haphazard 11 At Harper's Ferry, West Virginia, the Potomac River has cut a picturesque through the Blue Ridge Mountains (A) grip (B) gag (C) gap 12 Wool from different sheep, or even wool from different parts of the same sheep, is not all of the same (A) harmony (B) grade (C) hardship 13 “Attack ads” are political commercials that say negative things about a candidate's political (A) foes (B) gaps (C) hues 14 It was hard to see the mountains today because the sky was so (A) gaudy (B) hazy (C) grueling 15 The interior of Alaska has brief summers and long, (A) grave (B) harsh winters (C) huge 16 Animals that live in herds or packs are considered (A) hasty (B) gregarious (C) gullible VOCABULARY EXERCISE idea n concept, notion, thought ideal n model, standard; adj perfect, model idle adj (1) inactive, unused, inert; (2) lazy illusion (1) fantasy, delusion; (2) an erroneous perception or concept illustration n picture, drawing, description imaginary adj unreal, fantastic, fictitious Reading Tutorial: Vocabulary Building imaginative adj creative, original, clever immense adj huge, enormous, massive, colossal impair v damage, injure, spoil, interfere with impartial adj fair, unbiased, neutral implement v realize, achieve, put into practice, execute; n tool, utensil, instrument incessant adj constant, ceaseless, continuous increment increase, amount incursion n raid, attack, small-scale invasion indifferent adj uncaring, apathetic, unconcerned indigenous adj native indispensable adj necessary, essential, vital, critical indistinct adj unclear, blurry, hazy, fuzzy induce v persuade, convince, coax inept adj incompetent, awkward, clumsy inexorable adj unstoppable infamous adj notorious, shocking infinite adj limitless, endless, boundless infinitesimal adj tiny, minute, minuscule ingenious adj brilliant, imaginative, clever, inventive ingenuous adj naive, trusting, gullible inhabit v live, dwell, reside, populate inhibit v control, limit, restrain initial adj original, first, beginning, introductory innate adj natural, inborn innocuous adj harmless, inoffensive intense adj powerful, heightened, concentrated intricate adj complicated, complex, involved involved adj complicated, intricate, complex, elaborate irate adj angry, annoyed, upset jagged adj rough, rugged, uneven, irregular jeopardy n danger, hazard, risk, threat jolly adj joyful, happy, cheerful jolt v shock, jar, shake up, surprise; n blow, surprise, shock keen adj (1) sharp; (2) shrewd, clever, bright; (3) eager, enthusiastic key adj crucial, important, critical knack n skill, ability, aptitude, talent 205 206 Section Guide to Reading DIRECTIONS: Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with vocabulary items (A), (B), or (C), according to the context of the sentences Many people feel that Hawaii has an almost (B) impartial (A) idle Aplowis a farm climate (C) ideal used to break up soil and prepare the land for planting (B) knack (C) implement (A) increment Alaser uses a synthetic ruby to concentrate light into an extremely energy beam (A) intense (B) indistinct Jesse James was an (A) inept high- (C) incessant outlaw, well known as a bank robber and gun fighter (C) infamous (B) ingenuous the growth of bacteria Antibiotics (A) inhabit (B) jolt > (C) inhibit A