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(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2002Lesson 1:Kӻ thuұt ÿӗ hӑavàHiӋnthӵc ҧoComputer Graphics And Virtual RealityKӻ Thuұt ÿӗ hӑacѫ sӣKӻ Thuұt ÿӗ hӑatiêntiӃnHiӋnthӵc ҧo-VRMLLe Tan Hunghunglt@it-hut.edu.vn(c) SE/FIT/HUT 20032Tәng quan vӅ kӻ thuұt ÿӗ hoҥCác khái niӋm tәng quan cӫa kӻ thuұt ÿӗ hoҥ máy tínhCác kӻ thuұt ÿӗ hoҥPhân loҥi các lƭnh vӵc cӫa kӻ thuұt ÿӗ hoҥHӋÿӗhӑa tѭѫng tác (interactive)Phҫn cӭng ÿӗ hoҥ (Graphics Hardware)(c) SE/FIT/HUT 20033A Brief History of Computer Graphics1885 - CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)1887 - Edison patents motion picture camera1888 - Edisonand Dickson record motion picture photos on a wax cylinder(c) SE/FIT/HUT 20034A Brief History of Computer Graphics1926 – J.L. Bairdinvents the television.30 line vertical, black and red scan.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 20035A Brief History of Computer Graphics1963IBM creates the 360 modelsOne of the First General Purpose MainframesSRI develops the mouse.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 20036A Brief History of Computer Graphics1966Ralph Baer creates the 1stcomsumer CG product:Odyssey Pinball (c) SE/FIT/HUT 20037A Brief History of Computer Graphics1967GE introduces first full colour real time flight simulator for NASA(c) SE/FIT/HUT 20038A Brief History of Computer Graphics1968John Whitney: PermutationsIn "Permutations," (1968) he delineates a marvellous and exciting new world. One senses a choreographer. The movements are reminiscent of traditional ballet. The shapes follow the dictates of formal geometry more than those of abstract painting. Movement is three-dimensional and the ambition for a more polished three-dimensional shaded space is apparent. (c) SE/FIT/HUT 20039A Brief History of Computer Graphics1973Michael Crichton’s“Westworld” uses 2D graphics First time computer is used for image manipulation.Featured scenes that showed audiences the world viewed by the eye circuitry of a synthetic human (played by a very real Yul Brenner) in a future Western theme park. This effect was achieved with 2D computer graphics tools mostly derived from image processing techniques. (c) SE/FIT/HUT 200310A Brief History of Computer Graphics1974Intel develop the 8080 processor.1975Mandelbrot plots fractalsBill Gates starts Microsoft(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200311A Brief History of Computer Graphics1976Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple.1977Academy of Motion Pictures Art and Sciences introduces Visual Effects category for Oscars.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200312A Brief History of Computer Graphics1977Star Wars wins oscar for special effects.1978•Superman wins oscar for special effects. (c) SE/FIT/HUT 200313A Brief History of Computer Graphics1979Alien wins oscar for visual effects.1980•The Empire Strikes Back wins oscar for visual effects.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200314A Brief History of Computer Graphics1980Disney’s TRON is the first live action film with over 20 mins of computer animations.Seagate Technology releases the HDD for PCs(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200315A Brief History of Computer Graphics1981IBM introduces the first IBM PC (16 bit 8088 chip)•Raiders of the Lost Ark wins an oscar for visual effects.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200316A Brief History of Computer Graphics1982The Genesis Effect (ILM) for Startrek II is the first all computer animated visual effects shot for film.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200317A Brief History of Computer Graphics1983First Coke Polar Bears Commercial1984 PIXAR Opens(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200318A Brief History of Computer Graphics1985The Last Starfighter is the first live action feature film with realistic computer animation of highly detailed models. (c) SE/FIT/HUT 200319A Brief History of Computer Graphics1989The Abyss is the first movie to include convincing 3D character animation.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200320A Brief History of Computer Graphics1990Windows 3.0 ships1993Myst1994Playstation and N64 released(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200321A Brief History of Computer Graphics1995Quake Released by Id SoftwareToy Story becomes the first fully 3D computer animation feature film.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200322A Brief History of Computer Graphics1996Independence Day wins oscar for visual effects.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200323A Brief History of Computer Graphics1997Titanic wins oscar for visual effects.PIXAR wins oscar for best short film: Geri’s Game.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200324A Brief History of Computer Graphics1998ArmageddonMouse HuntBugs Life1999The MatrixStar Wars: The Phantom MenaceDisney’s Tarzan (c) SE/FIT/HUT 200325A Brief History of Computer Graphics2000Sony Playstation IIWalking with DinosaursDisney’s Shrek2002Microsoft’s XBOX(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200326Kӻ thuұt ÿӗ hӑa vi tính.Definition (ISO)Computer Graphics (KͿ thu̵t ÿ͛ ho̩ máy tính)Computer graphics deals with all aspects of creating images with a computermodel –Interactive Computer Graphics:(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200327Kӻ thuұt ÿӗ hoҥÿiӇm(Sample based-Graphics)Các mô hình, hình ҧnh cӫacácÿӕitѭӧng ÿѭӧchiӇnthӏthông qua tӯng pixel (tӯng mүurӡirҥc)Ĉһc ÿiӇm:Phѭѫng pháp ÿӇ tҥo ra các pixel(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003BitmapBitmaplines,areas, .SRGPlibraryPascal / CprogramX Window SystemGraphics hardwareImageimage formats, compression, transfergraphics algorithmscolourpositions(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200329GraphicalModelRenderingOutput DeviceRenderingParametersKӻ thuұt ÿӗ hoҥ vectorVector = geometrical model + rendering(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200330Ví dө vӅ hình ҧnh ÿӗ hoҥ Vector (c) SE/FIT/HUT 200331Muscle ModelWireframe Model Skeletal ModelSkinHairRender and Touch upâ Walt Disney and TSL(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200332Raster and Vector GraphicsRasterHỡnh nh v mụ hỡnh ca cỏc vt th c biu din bi tp hp cỏc im ca gridThay i thuc tớnh ca cỏc pixel => thay i tng phn v tng vựng ca hỡnh nh.Copy c cỏc pixel t mt hỡnh nh ny sang hỡnh nh khỏc. VectorKhụng thay ithuctớnhcatng imtrctipX lý vitng thnh phn hỡnh hcc s canúvthchin quỏtrỡnhtụtrỏtvhinth li.Quan sỏt hỡnh nh v mụ hỡnh cahỡnhnh v s vt nhiugúc khỏc nhau bng cỏch thay i im nhỡn v gúc nhỡn.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200333Phõn loi cỏc lnh vccaComputer GraphicsKỹ thuật phân tích vtạo ảnhĐồ hoạ hoạt hình vnghệ thuậtKỹ thuật nhận dạngXử lý ảnhĐồ hoạ minh hoạCAD/CAM SystemKỹ thuật đồhoạKiến tạo đồhoạXử lý đồhoạ(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200334Phõn loitheoh toKỹ thuật đồ hoạKỹ thuật đồ hoạ 2 chiềuKỹ thuật đồ hoạ ba chiều(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200335Phõn loitheochcnngK thutx lý nh (COMPUTER IMAGING)K thutnhndng (Computer Vision techniques attempt to provide meaning to computer) images.K thuttng hp nh (Computer Graphics)Geometry modelling(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200336Cỏc ng dng tiờu biucakthut haXõy dng giao dinngi dựng (User Interface)Tocỏcbiu trong thng mi, khoa hc, k thutTng hoỏ vn phũng v ch bn intThitk vis tr giỳp ca mỏy tớnh (CAD_CAM)Lnh vcgii trớ, ngh thutvmụphngiu khin cỏc quỏ trỡnh snxut (Process Control)Lnh vcbn (Cartography) (c) SE/FIT/HUT 200337(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200338(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200339CAD-CAM application(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200340HӋÿӗhӑatѭѫng tácMô hình hӋÿӗhoҥ tѭѫng tácCác thành phҫn cӫa hӋÿӗhoҥ tѭѫng tácBӝ xӱ lý tѭѫng tác vӟi ngѭӡi sӱ dөngCác chuҭncӫahӋÿӗhoҥ(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200341concerned with:- hardware - how to display(rasterization) concerned with:- modeling- modeling transf. - color models - material property- lighting propertyG U IMODELING RENDERINGDISPLAYINGwhat is a table, a car, xxx( to describe) to the computerGeometric Engine(to capture)the descriptioncreate 2D image from 2D / 3D modelsRendering Enginegenerate image on screen(to show)the imageRaster & Display Engineconcerned with :- viewing & projection- drawing & clipping primitives- local illumination & shading- texture mapping- global renderingThành phҫn trong chӭcnăng cӫakӻ thuұt ÿӗ hoҥ(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200342CCááccththàànhnhphphҫҫnnccӫӫaahhӋӋÿÿӗӗhohoҥҥtѭѫngtѭѫngttááccApplicationDataStructureApplicationProgramGraphicsSystemComputerGraphics Devices (c) SE/FIT/HUT 200343Model of RGPApplicationmodelApplicationprogramSRGPDisplay Hardwareoutput pipelineinput pipelineoutput primitivesoutput attributesCanvascontrolcopyPixelInput device measuresInput device control(c) SE/FIT/HUT 20033D Graphics Over World Wide Web3D Graphics Over World Wide WebSRGPlibraryPascal / CprogramX Window SystemGraphics hardwareImageimage formats, compression, transfergraphics algorithmscolourDrawingpackagestransformationof objects3D Graphicsprojectionslighting,shadinglines,areas, .positionsVideoWWWAnimationWWWVRML(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200345Thành phҫnthѭ viӋn ÿӗ hoҥCác thӵcthӇ cѫ sӣĈiӇm (pixel)Ĉѭӡng thҷng (line)Ĉѭӡng tròn (circle)Ĉagiác(polygon) v v.Các thuӝctínhMàu sҳc (color)KiӇu ÿѭӡng vӁ (line style)KiӇuvănbҧn (text style)Mүutô(pattern).(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200346Bӝ xӱ lý tѭѫng tác vӟingѭӡisӱdөngHӋ thӕng ÿӗ hoҥ thông thѭӡng phҧichӭamӝttұphӧp các thӫ tөc(chѭѫng trình con) ÿӇ xӱ lý vӟi các thiӃtbӏ vào ra (I/O System). hӋ thӕng ÿӗ hoҥ sinh ra các thiӃtbӏ ngoҥi vi lôgic ÿӇ tѭѫng tácgiӳangѭӡisӱ dөng và thiӃtbӏ ngoҥivi này.MӝtchutrìnhÿiӇnhìnhcӫa các chѭѫng trình ӭng dөng quҧnlýcác thiӃtbӏ ngoҥivi ÿѭӧcgӑilàvònglһpsӵ kiӋntӯ thiӃtbӏ(event-driven loop )(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200347HӋ thӕng ÿӗ hoҥ(Graphics System)Interface between application software and graphics hardware systemConsists of input subroutines and output subroutines accepting input data or commands from a user and converting internal representations into external pictures on screen, respectivelyPh̯nm͉m ÿ͛ ho̩ h͏ th͙ng:Là tұphӧp các lӋnh ÿӗ hoҥ cӫahӋ thӕng (graphics output commands),ThӵchiӋn công viӋchiӇnthӏ cái gì (what object) và chúng sӁÿѭӧchiӇnthӏ nhѭthӃ nào (how).PhҫnmӅm ÿӗ hoҥ hӋ thӕng là phҫnmӅmxâydӵng trên cѫ sӣ mӝtthӇ loҥiphҫncӭng nhҩt ÿӏnh và phө thuӝcvàophҫncӭng.Ph̯ncͱng ÿ͛ ho̩:Là tұphӧp các thiӃtbӏÿiӋntӱ (CPU, bӝ nhӟ màn hình) giúp cho viӋcthӵchiӋncác phҫnmӅm ÿӗ hoҥ.(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200348Application programGraphics systemGraphicshardwareInput andoutput devicesCore,GKS, GKS-3DCGI (device interface)CGM (metafile)PHIGS (3D and realtime)X-windowPHIGS+ (PEX)IGESOpenGLDirectXMetafilesOperating systemGiao diӉn hӉ thӓng ÿӕhӏaInterface of Graphics System (c) SE/FIT/HUT 200349Các chuҭn giao diӋn cӫahӋÿӗhoҥGKS (Graphics Kernel System):GKS Functional Description, ANSI X3.124 - 1985.GKS - 3D Functional Description, ISO Doc #8805:1988.CGI (Computer Graphics Interface System):CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile):VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language):PHIGS (Programmers Hierarchical InteractivePHIGS Functional Description, ANSI X3.144 - 1985.PHIGS+ Functional Description, 1988, 1992.IGES(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200350Non-official industry standardsCác chuҭncӫahӋÿӗhoҥOPENGL SGI’s OpenGL 1993DIRECTX Direct X/Direct3D 1997(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200351OpenGLSoftware interface to graphics hardwareClient-server model250 distinct commandsObject specification + image generationSimple primitives: points, lines, polygons(pixels, images, bitmaps)3D renderingCommands interpreted using client-server modelClient (Application) issues commandsServer (OpenGL) interprets and processes commandsFrame buffer configuration done by the window system(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200352Direct control of graphics hardwareDirect control of input/output devices, and soundApplication programApplication programWindows systemWindows systemDirect soundDirect drawDirect 3DDirect inputWindows APIWindows APIDirect X…… DirectX(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200353Các thiӃtbӏ vào ra dӳ liӋuMáy inDot size: ÿѭӡng kính cӫamӝt ÿiӇminbénhҩtmàmáyin có thӇ in ÿѭӧcAddressability: khҧ năng ÿӏachӍ hoá các ÿiӇmincóthӇcó trên mӝt ÿѫnvӏÿӝdài (dot per inch)Sӕ lѭӧngmàucóthӇ vӁ trên mӝt ÿiӇmDot size Point per inchInkJet 8 - 20/ 100 inch 200 y600Laser 5/1000 inch 1500Máy vӁ 6 y 15/1000 inch 1000 y 2000(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200354Phҫncӭng ÿӗ hoҥ (Graphics Hardware)Phҫncӭng ÿӗ hoҥ (Graphics Hardware)Các thành phҫnphҫncӭng cӫahӋÿӗhoҥ tѭѫngtác (c) SE/FIT/HUT 200355Màn hình CRT(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200356Màn hình CRTSONY Trinitron CRTNEC Hybrid MaskHitachi EDPStandard Dot-trio(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200357Các thiӃtbӏ hiӇnthӏ dҥng vectorMOVE 10,15LINE 400,300LINE 600,800Refesh BufferDrawLine(A, B):Turn beam off, move to A.Turn beam on, move to B.AB(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200358Graphics DevicesDisplayprocessorCRTAlphanumeric keyboardStylusData tabletInterface tohost computer……MOVE1015LINE10025CHARLUCYLINE……JMPRefresh buffer memory(Display commands)(interaction data)(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200359DisplayprocessorCRTInterface to host computer(Display commands) (interaction data)KeyboardData input000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000111110000000000000110000000011111111111110000000011110000000000011111000000000011111111000000000001000000000011111111111100000000010000000011111111111111110000000000000000011111111111111000000000000000000111111111111110000000000000000001111111111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Bitmap refresh buffer(the 1’s are accentuatedfor contrast)Typical raster graphics display showing a house and a star(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200360Các thiӃtbӏ hiӇnthӏ dҥng ÿiӇm [...]... xӱ lý tѭѫng tác vӟingѭӡisӱ dөng HӋ thӕng ÿӗ hoҥ thơng thѭӡng phҧichӭamӝttұphӧp các thӫ tөc (chѭѫng trình con) ÿӇ xӱ lý vӟi các thiӃtbӏ vào ra (I/O System). hӋ thӕng ÿӗ hoҥ sinh ra các thiӃtbӏ ngoҥi vi lơgic ÿӇ tѭѫng tác giӳangѭӡisӱ dөng và thiӃtbӏ ngoҥivi này. MӝtchutrìnhÿiӇnhìnhcӫa các chѭѫng trình ӭng dөng quҧnlý các thiӃtbӏ ngoҥivi ÿѭӧcgӑilàvịnglһpsӵ kiӋntӯ thiӃtbӏ (event-driven loop ) (c) . phân tích vtạo ảnhĐồ hoạ hoạt hình vnghệ thuậtKỹ thuật nhận dạngXử lý ảnhĐồ hoạ minh hoạCAD/CAM SystemKỹ thuật đồhoạKiến tạo đồhoạXử lý đồhoạ(c) SE/FIT/HUT. đồhoạXử lý đồhoạ(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200334Phõn loitheoh toKỹ thuật đồ hoạKỹ thuật đồ hoạ 2 chiềuKỹ thuật đồ hoạ ba chiều(c) SE/FIT/HUT 200335Phõn loitheochcnngK thutx