UNIT 8: A TASTE OF IT 3 LISTENING 1. commercial /kC’mE:Sl/ (adj) [usually before noun] relating to business: dành cho thương mại This land is zoned commercial use. commercially /kC’mE:SCli/ adv về mặt thương mại a commercially successful publication 2. statistics /stC’tIstIks/ [plural] a group of numbers that represent facts or describe a situation: thống kê New statistics show the economy is continuing to grow. statistic on: statistics on household expenditure 3. site /saIt/ noun [count] a place used for a particular purpose: địa điểm deliver the materials to a building site: giao vật liệu tới một địa điểm xây dựng site verb [transitive] to put something in a particular place: định chỗ A radio tower has been sited on top of the school. 4. chip /tSIp/ [usually plural] AMERICAN a very thin round piece of potato cooked in hot oil and eaten cold. British crisp: khoai tây chiên Would you like some chips with your sandwich? 5. order /’c:dC(r)/ verb [transitive] to ask for a product to be made for you or delivered to you: đặt hàng order something for someone/something: I’ve ordered some more books for the school library. order noun [count] a request for a product to be made for you or delivered to you: đơn đặt hàng order for: A major order for six new ships will guarantee the company’s future. 6. specific /spC’sIfIk/ (adj) exact and detailed: cụ thể For specific instructions on loading the software, please refer to the guide. specifically /spC’sIfIkli/ (adv) một cách rõ ràng, cụ thể 7. guidelines /’gaIdlaInz/ noun [plural] official instructions or advice about how to do something: hướng dẫn guidelines on/for: strict guidelines on the training and arming of police officers 8. load /lCUd/ noun [count] the goods that a vehicle carries: vật chở load of: She drove back from the farm with a full load of hay. load or load up [intransitive or transitive] to put a load onto or into something such as a vehicle or container: chất hàng They are loading the truck now. unload /,Vn’lCUd/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to take goods off a vehicle such as a truck or ship: dở hàng It was my job to unload the boxes from the van. 9. overall /,CUvCrc:l/ (adj) including everything: tất cả, toàn bộ the overall costs of the project overall (adv) when everything is counted or included: toàn bộ, nói chung Overall, 53 percent of cities had higher crime rates. overalls [plural] AMERICAN a piece of clothing consisting of pants and a part covering your chest that is attached to STRAPS that fit over your shoulders: bộ áo quần may liền 10. reject /rI’dZekt/ verb [transitive] to refuse to take something, for example because it is damaged or is not what you wanted: loại bỏ The company rejected the entire shipment. reject noun [count] something or someone that is not accepted because they have not reached the necessary standard: người hoặc vật bị loại bỏ It’s so cheap because it’s a reject. 11. peel /pi:l/ verb [transitive] to remove the skin from a fruit or vegetable: gọt vỏ First peel the potatoes and cut them in half. peel noun [count or uncount] the skin of a fruit or vegetable: vỏ an orange peel 12. inspect /In’spekt/ verb [transitive] to look at something carefully in order to check that it is correct or good enough: EXAMINE: kiểm tra Engineers will inspect the site later today. inspection /In’spekSn/ noun [uncount] an action of looking at something carefully, especially in order to check that it is satisfactory: việc kiểm tra The documents are available for public inspection. 13. slice /slaIs/ verb [transitive] to cut something into flat pieces: cắt thành lát mỏng I’ll slice some bread. slice noun [count] a flat piece of food that has been cut from something larger: lát mỏng slice of: a slice of bread/cake/ham/cheese 14. fry /fraI/ verb [transitive] to cook food in hot oil or fat: chiên Heat the oil in a large pan and fry the onion and garlic for 5 minutes. 15. salt /sOlt/ verb [transitive] to add salt to food: rắc muối, ướp muối salt noun [uncount] a white substance that is often added to food before or after cooking to improve its flavor: muối salty /’sOlti/ (adj) containing salt or tasting like salt: có muối, mặn The soup’s a little salty. 16. cool /ku:l/ or cool down verb [intransitive or transitive] to become cooler, or make something cooler: làm nguội đi Allow the cake to cool completely. We opened the windows to cool the room. cool (adj) food that is cool is no longer hot: nguội When the cookies are cool, brush them with melted chocolate. 17. seasoning /’si:zCnIN/ noun [count or uncount] salt, pepper, or other SPICES that you add to food to improve the taste: gia vị 18. flavor /’fleIvC/ noun [count] the particular taste that food or drink has: hương vị. have a flavor: The drink has a strong citrus flavor. flavor verb [transitive] to add something to food or drink that changes it taste: cho gia vị, thêm gia vị. Meat is strongly flavored with pepper. 19. package /’pAkIdZ/ verb [transitive] to put things into boxes or wrap them so that they can be sold: đóng gói a company that manufactures and packages medicines package noun [count] AMERICAN a box, bag, or plastic wrapping containing food that has been weighed ready to be sold, or the food that this contains. British packet: thùng hàng package of: an 8oz. package of cream cheese 20. case /keIs/ noun [count] a container or cover for keeping or protecting something: hộp, hòm, thùng Have you seen my glasses’ case anywhere? case of: We bought a case of wine. 4 VOCABULARY: FOOD PREPARATION AND COOKING 21. recipe /’resCpI/ noun [count] a set of instructions for cooking or preparing a particular food: công thức làm món ăn a recipe for apple pie 22. teaspoon /’ti:spu:n/ noun [count] a small spoon used for eating, for adding sugar to tea or coffee, or when cooking, for adding small amounts of a liquid or powder: muỗng cà phê 23. cinnamon /’sInCmCn/ noun [uncount] a brown powder or small stick made from the BARK of a tree and used for giving a special taste to food, especially sweet food: quế 24. mix /mIks/ verb [transitive] to combine two or more substances so that they become a single substance: trộn, pha, hòa lẫn mix something with something: Mix the flour with the eggs and butter. mix noun [singular] a particular combination of objects, qualities or substances: mixture: hỗn hợp mix of: He has just the right mix of youth and experience. mixture of: Her face showed a mixture of fear and excitement. 25. bake /beIk/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to make bread, cakes, etc. using an oven: nướng I’m baking a cake for Tom’s birthday. 26. boil /bcIl/ verb [transitive] to cook food in water that is boiling: luộc How long does it take to boil an egg? 27. chop or chop up /tSOp/ verb [transitive] to cut something such as food or wood into pieces: chặt thành khúc, thái thành miếng nhỏ chop something into something: Chop the meat into small cubes. 28. mayonnaise /,meIC’neIz/noun [uncount] a thick white sauce made from eggs and oil, eaten especially with salads and cold food: xốt mayome 29. chill /tSIl/ verb [intransitive or transitive] if you chill food or drink or it chills, it becomes cold enough to be ready to eat or drink: làm lạnh, ướp lạnh Chill the dessert in the refrigerator for about two hours. 7 LANGUAGE IN ACTION: EXPLAINING AND GIVING REASONS 30. apart from /C’pa:rt frOm/ in addition to someone or something: ngoài ra Apart from providing humanitarian aid, the U.N. is also supposed to enforce agreements. 31. consume /kCn’sju:m/ verb [transitive] to eat or drink something: dùng, tiêu thụ Many people have dramatically reduced the amount of red meat they consume. consumer noun [count] someone who buys and uses goods and services: người tiêu dùng more choice for the consumer 32. beverage /’bevCrIdZ/ noun [count] FORMAL a drink: đồ uống Hot beverages include tea, coffee and hot chocolate. 33. emperor /’empCrC(r)/ noun [count] a man who rules an EMPIRE: hoàng đế empire /’empaIr/ noun [count] a number of countries ruled by one person or government: đế chế the collapse of the Soviet empire 34. legend /’ledZCnd/ noun [count] an old story about famous people and events in the past. Legends are not usually true: truyền thuyết 35. variety /vC’raICtI/ noun [count] a type of plant or thing: chủng loại Which varieties of tomato grow well here? 36. sample /’sAmpl/ noun [count] a small amount of a product given to people to try: mẫu thử They gave me lots of free samples of their make-up. sample verb [transitive] to test a small amount of something in order to get information about the whole thing: lấy mẫu We sampled opinion among the workers about changes in working methods: Chúng tôi đã lấy một số người trong công nhân làm mẫu để hỏi ý kiến họ về những thay đổi trong phương pháp làm việc. 37. muslin /’mVzlIn/ noun [uncount] a light thin cotton cloth used for making dresses, curtains, and sheets: vải muxơlin 38. per /pE:(r)/ (pre) used for stating the rate or cost for each unit of time, quantity, distance, etc.: cho mỗi (đơn vị thời gian, chiều dài…) £2 per person: 2 pao mỗi ngườI 8 LISTENING 39. dearly /’dIClI/ (adv) very much: rất nhiều He dearly wants to win. 40. name /neIm/ verb [transitive] 1 to give someone or something a name: đặt tên Have you named the baby yet? 2 to choose someone for a particular job, position, or prize: chỉ định, bổ nhiệm name someone as something: Weston was named as captain of the Varsity football team: Weston được bổ nhiệm làm đội trưởng đội tuyển Varsity. name noun [count] a word or set of words by which a person or thing is usually known: tên name for: I think it’s a great name for a band. 41. wander /’wo:ndC/ 1 [intransitive or transitive] to travel from place to place, especially on foot, without a particular direction or purpose: đi lang thang, đi thơ thẩn My sister likes wandering around the city at night. wander noun [singular] a short relaxed walk without a particular direction or purpose: cuộc đi thơ thẩn (để thư giản) go for/take/have a wander: She went for a little wander round the park: Cô ấy đi thơ thẩn một lát quanh công viên. wanderer /wo:ndCrC(r)/ noun [count] người hay vật đi lang thang 42. send away phrasal verb [transitive] to order someone to leave a place: đuổi His lawyer was sent away by the security guards. 43. live happily ever after to be happy for the rest of your life: sống hạnh phúc đến cuối đời 44. the salt of the earth an ordinary person who is respected because they are honest and good: người tử tế You can trust him; he is the salt of the earth. 45. take something with a grain/pinch of salt to doubt the truth or value of something: nghi ngờ If I were you, I’d take his advice with a grain of salt. 46. be worth one’s salt respected by other people because you do your job well: có uy tín Any politician worth their salt will keep their campaign promises. 9 VOCABULARY 47. class /klo:s/ noun [count] a group of things, animals, or people with similar features or qualities: nhóm ngườI hoặc vật cùng đặc điểm hay tính chất class of: The race has competitions for ten classes of boat. 48. liquid /’lIkwId/ noun [count or uncount] a substance that can flow, has no fixed shape, and is not a solid or gas: chất lỏng a glass of colorless liquid liquid (adj) in the form of a liquid: dạng lỏng liquid detergent 49. solid /’sOlId/ noun [count] a substance that is not a liquid or a gas: chất rắn solid (adj) a solid substance is firm and hard and is not a liquid or a gas: dạng rắn It remains solid at room temperature. 50. abstract /Ab’strAkt/ (adj) abstract ideas exist as thoughts in the mind, and are not related to physical objects or real events and actions: trừu tượng They are not interested in abstract notions like “equality” or “freedom.” 51. luggage /’lVgIdZ/ noun [uncount] bags and suitcases that you take on a trip: hành lý 52. transportation /,trAnspC’teISn/ noun [uncount] the activity of moving people or things from one place to another, or the system used for doing this: sự vận chuyển public transportation (= buses, trains, etc. that are operated by the local government): In New York, most people rely on public transportation to get to work. transport /trAn’spc:rt/ verb [transitive] to move people or things from one place to another, usually in a vehicle: vận chuyển We will need a big truck to transport all the boxes. 53. pasta /’pAstC/ noun [count or uncount] an Italian food made from flour and water, and sometimes eggs: món ăn làm bằng bột mì, nước và trứng, ví dụ spaghetti (mì sợi), macaroni (mì ống)… 54. wool /wUl/ noun [uncount] thick hair that grows on sheep and some other animals: len woolen /’wUlCn/ (adj) [usually before noun] made from wool: bằng len a woolen hat 55. luck /lVk/ noun [uncount] an influence that seems to make things, especially good things, happen to people for no particular reason: vận may rủi good/bad luck: He’s had nothing but bad luck since moving to New York. lucky (adj) if you are lucky, something good happens to you as a result of luck: FORTUNATE: may mắn be lucky to do something: You’re really lucky to be alive. 56. linguistics /lIN’gwIstIks/ noun [uncount] the study of language and how it works: ngôn ngữ học 11 READING 57. ostrich /’OstrItS/ noun [count] a large African bird with a long neck and long legs that runs very fast but cannot fly: đà điểu 58. swallow /’swOlCU/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to make food or drink go from your mouth down through your throat and into your stomach: nuốt She quickly swallowed the rest of her coffee. swallow noun 59. happen to do something to do something by chance: tình cờ I happened to meet an old friend in town. 60. digest /daI’dZest/ verb [transitive] when your stomach digests food, it changes it into the substances that your body needs: tiêu hóa (thức ăn) Cheese can be difficult to digest. digestion /daI’dZestSn/ noun [uncount] the process of changing food into the substances that your body needs: sự tiêu hóa digestive /daI’dZestIv/ (adj) the digestive process: quá trình tiêu hóa 61. temper /’tempC(r)/ noun [singular or uncount] a particular emotional state or mood: tính khí in a good / bad temper: vui vẻ hòa nhã / bực tức cáu kỉnh -tempered (tạo nên tính từ ghép): có bản tính a hot-tempered man: một người tính khí nóng nảy 62. bite /baIt/ (past tense bit /bIt/; past participle bitten /’bItCn/) verb [intransitive or transitive] to use your teeth to cut or break something, usually in order to eat it: cắn I was bitten by mosquitoes in the night. bite [count] an act of cutting or breaking something using your teeth in order to eat it: sự cắn 63. handler /’hAndlXC(r)/ noun [count] someone whose job is to train and take care of an animal, especially a dog: người huấn luyện và điều khiển một con vật, nhất là chó a dog handler handle /’hAndl/ verb [transitive] to control an animal or a vehicle using your hands: điều khiển con vật hoặc một chiếc xe bằng tay She handled the pony very confidently. 64. sparrow /’spArCU/ noun [count] a small brown bird that is common in the U.S. and northern Europe: chim sẻ 65. distance /’dIstCnts/ noun [count or uncount] the amount of space between two people or things: khỏang cách at a distance of: Altair, at a distance of 17 light-years, is one of the closest of the bright stars. at/from a distance: từ xa I’ve only ever seen him at a distance. distant (adj) [usually before noun] far away from the place where you are: xa Her eyes scanned the distant hills. 66. agriculture /’AgrIkVltSC(r)/ noun [uncount] the work, business, or study of farming: nông nghiệp Most of the population is employed in agriculture and fishing. agricultural /,AgrI’kVlt(C)rCl/ (adj) relating to farming: liên quan đến nông nghiệp agricultural products: nông sản 67. craze /kreIz/ noun [count] something that suddenly becomes very popular, but for only a short time: mốt craze for: the craze for Irish music 68. adorn /C’dc:n/ verb [transitive] DECORATE: trang trí The dancer was adorned with flowers. adornment /C’dc:nmCnt/ noun [count or uncount]: vật trang trí, sự trang trí 69. extravagance /Ik’strAvCgCnts/ noun [uncount] the practice of spending a lot of money, especially more than you should: sự phung phí His extravagance explains why he is always in debt. extravagant /Ik’strAvCgCnt/ (adj) spending or costing a lot of money, especially more than is reasonable: phung phí an extravagant present extravagantly /Ik’strAvCgCntli/ (adv) 70. worth /wE:T/ (adj) having a value in money: trị giá a Gucci watch worth $1,500 The building itself must be worth a fortune. worth noun [uncount] the financial value of something: giá trị Houses are being sold at prices far below their true worth. worthless /’wE:TlCs/ (adj) not having any value, or not useful: vô giá trị The country’s currency is nearly worthless. 71. elaborate /I’lAbCrCt/ (adj) very detailed and complicated: tỉ mỉ, công phu, cầu kỳ The government’s new healthcare plan is the most elaborate yet. elaborateness noun [uncount] 72. mansion /’mAntSn/ noun [count] a large house, especially a beautiful one: lâu đài 73. palace /’pAlCs/ noun [count] a very large building, especially one used as the official home of a royal family, president, or important religious leader: cung điện the presidential palace 74. show off phrasal verb [transitive] to show people something you are very proud of so they will admire it: khoe, phô trương Young musicians will get the chance to show off their musical skills. 75. wealth /welT/ noun [uncount] a large amount of money and other valuable things: sự giàu có They used some of their wealth to build magnificent town halls. wealthy /welTI/ (adj) a wealthy person, organization, or country is one that has a large amount of money, land, and other valuable things: RICH: giàu có Many wealthy businessmen contribute to political parties. 76. marble /’mo:bl/ [uncount] a hard smooth stone used for building and making STATUES. Marble is usually white with dark lines that are not regular in shape: đá hoa, cẩm thạch a marble floor 77. ruin /’ru:In / verb [transitive] to destroy or severely damage something: làm hỏng, hủy hoại You’ll completely ruin the flowers if you touch them. ruin noun [count or uncount] the state of something that has been destroyed or severely damaged: sự đổ nát, sự tiêu tan in ruins: An earthquake left the whole town in ruins: Một trận động đất đã làm thành phố bị tàn phá nặng nề. 78. peak /pi:k/ (adj) a peak level of something is when it is highest: tốI đa, nhộn nhịp hoặc mãnh liệt nhất peak periods: thời kỳ cao điểm peak production: sản xuất tối đa peak noun [count] 1 the time when something is at its highest or greatest level: cao điểm The city’s population is about 400,000, down from a peak of 750,000 in the late 1960s. 2 the top of a mountain: đỉnh núi snow-covered peaks . lang thang 42. send away phrasal verb [transitive] to order someone to leave a place: đuổi His lawyer was sent away by the security guards. 43. live happily. Overall, 53 percent of cities had higher crime rates. overalls [plural] AMERICAN a piece of clothing consisting of pants and a part covering your chest that