Indirect speech Indirect speech I. Indirect speech ( câu gián ti p)ế 1. Cách s d ngử ụ ví d :ụ a. “I’ll send you a postcard when I arrive in London”, Mary said to Daisy Mary said to Daisy that she would send Daisy a postcard when she arrived in London b. “I have made many mistakes”, he said to me. He said to me that he had made many mistakes Câu gián ti p dùng đ t ng thu t l i l i nói ế ể ườ ậ ạ ờ ho c l i phát bi u c a đó ặ ờ ể ủ 2. Nh ng s thay đ i khi chuy n câu tr c ti p sang câu gián ti pữ ự ổ ể ự ế ế a. “I was born in 1980”, she said She said that she was born in 1980 Thay đ i đ i t nhân x ng d a vào l i d n tr c ti p ( l i d n ổ ạ ừ ư ự ờ ẫ ự ế ờ ẫ tr c ti p: “… ”,she said)ự ế b. 1. “I have made many mistakes”, he said to me. He said to me that he had made many mistakes 2. “I will send you a postcard when I arrive in London”, Mary said to Daisy Mary said to Daisy that she would send Daisy a postcard when she arrived in London S thay đ i v các thì. Chúng ta có các quy t c thay đ i c ự ổ ề ắ ổ ụ th nh sau:ể ư tr c ti pự ế gián ti pế TLĐ (will/shall) would/ should can/ may could/ might HTĐ QKĐ HTTD QKTD HTHT/ QKĐ QKHT c. 1. “Last year, I came to visit my grandparents”, Lan said Lan said that the previous year, she had come to visit h ẻ grandparents. 2. “I will meet you here tomorrow”, John said to me. John said that he would meet me there the day after. Thay đ i đ i t ch đ nh và tr ng t ch th i gian, c th ổ ạ ừ ỉ ị ạ ừ ỉ ờ ụ ể nh sau:ư This that These those Now then here there Last week the week before/ the previous week This week that week Next week the week after/ the following week This year that year today that day yesterday the day before/the previous day tomorrow the day after/ the following day ……………………… 3. Nh ng tr ng h p không ph i đ i thì khi chuy n câu tr c ti p sang câu ữ ườ ợ ả ổ ể ự ế gián ti pế a. “I was born in 1980”, she said She said that she was born in1980. trong câu tr c ti p có m c th i gian xác đ nhụ ế ố ờ ị b. “The Earth goes around the Sun”, scientists said. Scientists said that the Earth goes around the Sun câu tr c ti p nói v s th t hi n nhiên, chân lý luôn luôn đúngự ế ề ự ậ ể c. “I often get up late”, said he. He said that he often gets up late câu tr c ti p nói v thói quen c a ai đóự ế ề ủ d. Câu tr c ti p có “should/ had better/ ought to/ used to… ự ế e. Câu tr c ti p có c u trúc “It + tobe + time/ high time + sb + Ved/ Vp1 ự ế ấ (Ai đó đã đ n lúc ph i làm gì)ế ả Ví d : “It was high time you did your homework”, Janne said to Davidụ Janne said to David that it was high time he did his homework f. Câu tr c ti p là câu đi u ki n lo i 2 và lo i 3, ho c các mênh đ gi đ nh ự ế ề ệ ạ ạ ặ ề ả ị (wish / as if / if only…), ho c có xen k thì QKĐ và QKTDặ ẽ 4. Cách chuy n câu tr c ti p sang gián ti p d ng câu h iể ự ế ế ở ạ ỏ a. WH – questions Ví d : 1. “what time ụ does the film begin?”, he said He asked what time the film began. 2. “Where are you from?”, she asked me. She asked me where I was from. S + ask / want to know/ wonder….+ (O) + WH_ words + Sb + V / tobe +…. b. YES_NO – questions Ví d : 1. “ụ Are you busy now?”, he asked Anna. He asked Anna if/ whether she was busy then. 2. “Does she come here?”, Miss Smith asked Tim. Miss Smith asked Tim if/ whether she came there S + ask / want to know/ wonder….+ (O) + if/ whether + Sb + V / Tobe . mistakes Câu gián ti p dùng đ t ng thu t l i l i nói ế ể ườ ậ ạ ờ ho c l i phát bi u c a đó ặ ờ ể ủ 2. Nh ng s thay đ i khi chuy n câu tr c ti p sang câu gián. thì khi chuy n câu tr c ti p sang câu ữ ườ ợ ả ổ ể ự ế gián ti pế a. “I was born in 1980”, she said She said that she was born in1980. trong câu tr c ti p