start Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 OBJECTIVES: After studying Chapter 7, the reader should be able to: • • • Define the term Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Identify hazardous waste materials in accordance with state and federal regulations and follow proper safety precautions while handling hazardous waste materials Describe the steps required to safely handle and store automotive chemicals and waste Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 KEY TERMS: Aboveground Storage Tank (AGST) • asbestosis • Battery Council International (BCI) Clean Air Act (CAA) • Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • hazardous waste material • mercury • mesothelioma • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) • right-to-know laws solvent • underground storage tank (UST) • Workplace Hazardous Materials Information Systems (WHMIS) Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT The United States Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) in 1970 This legislation was designed to assist and encourage the citizens of the United States in their efforts to assure safe and healthful working conditions by providing research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health Approximately 25% of workers are exposed to health and safety hazards on the job OSHA standards are necessary to monitor, control, and educate workers regarding health and safety in the workplace Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 HAZARDOUS WASTE Hazardous waste materials are chemicals or components the shop no longer needs and pose a danger to people and the environment if disposed of in ordinary garbage cans or sewers Material is not considered hazardous waste until the shop has finished using it and is ready to dispose of it The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publishes a list of hazardous materials, in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) The EPA considers waste hazardous if it is on the EPA list of hazardous materials or has one or more of these characteristics: Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Reactive Any material which reacts violently with water or other chemicals is considered hazardous Corrosive If a material burns the skin, or dissolves metals and other materials, consider it hazardous A pH scale is used, with number indicating neutral Pure water has a pH of Lower numbers indicate an acidic solution, higher numbers a caustic solution If a material releases cyanide gas, hydrogen sulfide gas, or similar gases when exposed to low pH acid solutions, it is considered hazardous Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Toxic Materials are hazardous if they leak one or more of eight different heavy metals in concentrations greater than 100 times the primary drinking water standard Ignitable A liquid is hazardous if it has a flash point below 140°F (60°C), and a solid is hazardous if it ignites spontaneously Radioactive A substance emitting measurable levels of radiation is radioactive When individuals bring containers of a radioactive substance into the shop environment, qualified personnel with the appropriate equipment must test them Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 CAUTION: When handling hazardous waste material, one must always wear the proper protective clothing and equipment detailed in the right-to know laws This includes respirator equipment All recommended procedures must be followed accurately Personal injury may result from improper clothing, equipment, and procedures when handling hazardous materials Hazardous waste disposal laws include serious penalties for anyone responsible for breaking these laws Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA) Federal and state laws control disposal of hazardous waste Every shop employee must be familiar with these laws The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) states hazardous material users are responsible for such materials from the time they become waste until proper disposal is completed Many shops hire independent haulers to dispose of hazardous waste material A shop may also choose to recycle the material Therefore, the user must store hazardous waste material properly and safely and be responsible for it until it can be processed according to the law Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY (cont.) ACT (RCRA) The RCRA controls these types of automotive waste: Paint and body repair products waste Solvents for parts and equipment cleaning Batteries and battery acid Mild acids used for metal cleaning and preparation Waste oil, and engine coolants or antifreeze Air-conditioning refrigerants and oils Engine oil filters Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 10 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 CAUTION: Battery electrolyte contains sulfuric acid, which is a very corrosive substance capable of causing serious personal injury, such as skin burns and eye damage In addition, the battery plates contain lead, which is highly poisonous For this reason, disposing of batteries improperly can cause environmental contamination and lead to severe health problems Battery Handling and Storage New or used, batteries should be kept indoors if possible The location should be specifically designated for battery storage, well ventilated (to the outside) Outdoor storage should be sheltered and secured area with acidresistant secondary containment Place batteries on acid-resistant pallets Never stack Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 32 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 FUEL SAFETY AND STORAGE Gasoline is a very explosive liquid Expanding vapors from gasoline are extremely dangerous, and are present even in cold temperatures Vapors in gasoline tanks on many vehicles are controlled, but vapors from gasoline storage may escape, a hazardous situation Place gasoline storage containers in a well ventilated space Diesel fuel is not as volatile as gasoline, however the same rules apply to diesel fuel and gasoline storage Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 33 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Figure 7–6 This red gasoline container holds about 30 gallons of gasoline and is used to fill vehicles used for training Fuel Handling Rules Approved gasoline storage cans have a flash-arresting screen at the outlet, to prevent external ignition sources from igniting the gasoline in when pouring Always use red approved gasoline containers to allow proper hazardous substance identification Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 34 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Do not fill gasoline containers completely full Leave at least one inch space at top of the container This allows expansion at higher temperatures Expansion can force gasoline from the container and create a spill Store gasoline or diesel fuel containers in an approved storage locker or facility Never leave fuel containers open, except while filling or pouring from the container Never use gasoline as a cleaning agent Connect a ground strap to containers when filling or transferring fuel or other flammable products Ground wires prevent static buildup, which could result in a spark and disastrous explosion Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 35 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 AIRBAG HANDLING Airbag modules are explosive devices that can ignite if exposed to an electrical charge or if vehicle body is subjected to a shock Disarm the airbag(s) when working where a discharged bag could make contact with your body Consult service information for the procedure to follow for vehicle being serviced Do not expose an airbag to extreme heat or fire Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 36 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Always carry an airbag pointing away from your body Place an airbag module facing upward Follow the manufacturer’s procedure for airbag disposal or recycling, including proper packaging for shipment Always wash hands or body if exposed to a deployed airbag, as chemicals involved can cause skin irritation and rash Wear protective gloves if handling a deployed airbag Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 37 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 USED TIRE DISPOSAL Used tires are an environmental concern for several reasons: In a landfill, used tires tend to “float” up through the other trash and rise to the surface The inside of tires traps and holds rainwater, which is a breeding ground for mosquitoes Mosquito-borne diseases include encephalitis and dengue fever Used tires present a fire hazard and, when burned, create a large amount of black smoke that contaminates the air Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 38 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Used tires should be disposed of in one of the following ways: Reused until the end of their useful life Tires can be retreaded Tires can be recycled or shredded for use in asphalt Derimmed tires can be sent to a landfill (most landfill operators shred tires It is illegal in many states to landfill whole tires) Tires can be burned in cement kilns or other power plants where the smoke can be controlled A registered scrap tire handler can transport tires for disposal or recycling Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 39 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 AIR-CONDITIONING REFRIGERANT OIL DISPOSAL Air-conditioning refrigerant oil contains dissolved refrigerant and is considered hazardous waste It must be kept separated from other waste oil, or the entire amount of oil must be treated as hazardous Used refrigerant oil must be sent to a licensed hazardous waste disposal company for recycling or disposal Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 40 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Figure 7–7 Air-conditioning refrigerant oil must be kept separated from other oils because it contains traces of refrigerant and must be treated as hazardous waste Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 41 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 INFECTION CONTROL PRECAUTIONS Working on a vehicle can result in personal injury, including the possibility of being cut or hurt enough to cause bleeding Infections such as hepatitis B, HIV (which can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS), hepatitis C virus, and others are transmitted in the blood They are commonly called blood-borne pathogens Report any injury that involves blood to your supervisor Take necessary precautions to avoid coming in contact with blood from another person Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 42 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 Remove Components that Contain Mercury Some vehicles have a placard near the driver’s side door that lists the components that contain the heavy metal, mercury These components should be removed from the vehicle before the rest of the body is sent to be recycled to help prevent releasing mercury into the environment Figure 7–8 Placard near driver’s door, including what devices in the vehicle contain mercury Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 43 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 SUMMARY Hazardous materials include common automotive chemicals, liquids, and lubricants Right-to-know laws require that all workers have access to Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Asbestos fibers should be avoided and removed according to current laws and regulations Used engine oil contains metals worn from parts and should be handled and disposed of properly Continued Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 44 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 SUMMARY (cont.) Solvents represent a serious health risk and should be avoided as much as possible Coolant should be recycled Batteries are considered to be hazardous waste and should be discarded to a recycling facility Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 45 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458 start Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, and Service, 3rd Edition By James D Halderman 46 ©©2008 2009Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc Inc Pearson PearsonPrentice PrenticeHall Hall- -Upper UpperSaddle SaddleRiver, River,NJ NJ07458 07458