LeVanTam High School – SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of Materials Chemistry ***(O_o)^_^(o_O)*** PHẦN I: MỘT SỐ PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢI TOÁN THƯỜNG GẶP Phương pháp 1: ÁP DỤNG ĐỊNH LUẬT BẢO TOÀN KHỐI LƯỢNG  !"#Tổng khối lượng các chất tham gia phản ứng bằng tổng khối lượng các chất tạo thành trong phản ứng$%&'( )* !')+,-'./01*23/ 014% 5)67 !+ !89 !+6  :% Ví dụ 1:;<!=>+?@?@A?@ B A C %&+D>&AE 0,+ +<!= /%FGH*I+!JK+.4L4 0,MMB**NOP/Q  03; B BRK%S*4+% A.MRTJ+ B.CTB+ C.URK+ D.MKRV+ Hướng dẫn giải &,W0:/X/" C?@ B A C Y&A   → B?@ C A K Y&A B OMP ?@ C A K Y&A   → C?@AY&A B  OBP ?@AY&A   → ?@Y&A B OCP .4L/X>+C.?@?@A?@ C A K Z*[/)E4\I ]8474-)'GE4\0 +&A,^-8 0 +&A B 6% N MMB  RT BBT = = + _\:0 +&A B /47[ !N" KK:YBVORT−:P`RT×BRK×B`BRK S!:`RK+/-*0 +&A+,% S@abNS5b/" + = Y+ &A `+ L Y 2 CO m ⇒+ = `JKYRK×KK−RK×BV`URK+%(Đáp án C) Ví dụ 2:aMCBV+<!C4!,3; B FA K ZcMKR  &!<!@@/ 0 +8/ !MMMB+%F ++<@@4<!d A.RM+ B.RMT+ C.RK+ D.RB+ Hướng dẫn giải SG48,C64!3c[I; B FA K ZMKR  &76J6@@4J ]W; B A% S@abNS5b/" B ; A @@ + + + MCBV MMB BMJ= − = − = r­îu +⇒ B ; A BMJ  MB MV = = + eZ,]W4!764+D]W@@+D]W; B A/0 +; B A) 80 +@@040 ++<@@ MB RB J = +%(Đáp án D) * Nhận xét: &H)'GJ47,f4!36J@@- )'7+&SgS4!@@4%G6:IG47, Zh0 +@@X*7)i)!+j E[^% Ví dụ 3:&MB+<!+6?@&2f3;A C JCk%F, !LMMB**A B .OP%S*>Dk./4L% HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com. Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 1 LeVanTam High School – SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of Materials Chemistry A.CJJJkBVKVk B.BUMlkBMMBk  C.BUMlkUBVMk D.UVVVkBMMBk Hướng dẫn giải ?@YJ;A C →?@OA C P C YCA B YC; B A &YK;A C →&OA C P B YBA B YB; B A B A  RT= +→ C B ;A A  B M= = + m2 !/" B B C A  ;A + +  + + M JC MRR MB KJ RT Vl +% JC = + − × × = + − × = 2 2 d muèi h k.lo¹i aZ ?@ `:+ & `+/" TJ: JK MB C: B RT + =   + =  → : RM  RM =   =  ⇒ C C ?@O A P RM BKB MRR k+ BUMlk Vl × × = = %   C B &O A P RM MVV MRR k+ BMMBk% Vl × × = = (Đáp án B) Ví dụ 4:;BCV+<!+D+ +64OnP+  +64OnnP4;&%F,!KKV**OP%a@+) 6!++ d A.MC+ B.MT+ C.BJ+ D.CR+ Hướng dẫn giải e B &A C YB;&→Be&Y&A B Y; B A o&A C YB;&→o& B Y&A B Y; B A B &A KVV  RB BBK = = + ⇒S9 ;& `RK+ B ; A  RB +%= m2 !/" BCVYRK×CJT`+ +  YRB×KKYRB×MV⇒+ +  `BJ+%(Đáp án C) Ví dụ 5:a MVV+.iLO,&;AP'MlRK*A B OP!&A B  3@QIX*K"C%;p:),]WL%NGQ L03) *qU% A.& V ; MB A T B.& K ; V A B C.& V ; MB A C D.& J ; MB A J Hướng dẫn giải MVV+LYRRVT+A B →K+&A B YC+; B A m2 !/" B B &A ; A + + MVV RRVT CB KJ ++ = + × = S/" KK×KYMV×C`KJ→`RRB+% S4.L/"  & `K`RRV+r  ; `C×B`RMB+r  A `K×BYC−RRVT×B`RRT+ ⇒ & " ; " A `RRV"RMB"RRT`V"MB"T s),.iL& V ; MB A T /e L tBRC%(Đáp án A) Ví dụ 6:&RM+@0@6cB':4!+D'4!23A;! JK+4!+D!+ / ![!@0@MCTJkO03!@0@P%= ),.6@0@% A.&; C −&AA−&; C B.&; C A&A−&AA−&; C C.&; C &AA−&AA&; C D.&; C &AA−&; B −&AA&; C Hướng dẫn giải oO&AAo′P B YBA;→oO&AAP B YBo′A; HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com. Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 2 LeVanTam High School – SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of Materials Chemistry RM+RB+RM+RB+ o A; JK e CB RB ′ = = →o!&; C A; m2 !/" + @0@ Y+ A; `+ +  Y+ 4! ⇒+ +  −+ @0@ `RB×KR−JK`MJ+ ++ +  −+ @0@ ` MCTJ MRR + @0@ ⇒+ @0@ ` MJ MRR MMV + MCTJ × = →e @0@ `MMV& oYOKKYMTP×B`MMV→o`R% s),.6@0@&; C A&A−&AA−&; C %(Đáp án B) Ví dụ 7:&<!>+@,+'8" uPhần 1"a@+ !MRV+; B A% uPhần 2"S23; B O  P7!<!L%a@+ 7X* *&A B OP!" A.MKCK* B.MKKC* C.MCKK* D.RJUB* Hướng dẫn giải g'M"s7@, B B &A ; A  = `RRJ+⇒ B &A &   RRJ (phÇn 2) (phÇn 2) = = + S@W !/" & & OLP   RRJ (phÇn 2) = = +⇒ B &A OLP  `RRJ+ ⇒ B &A s `BBK×RRJ`MCKK*%(Đáp án C) Phương pháp 2: BẢO TOÀN MOL NGUYÊN TỬ &/4.[X/\W 0 +@@4vHD[47,6++DE \I*h+0 %o.w!3I6/\4I+% &,Di47++D47@W 0x!3I4+D0 *20]% Ví dụ 1:aXWCRK+<!=>+?@A?@ C A K ?@ B A C 'RRT+; B %eZj CRK+<!=4; B FA K Z!X**FA B O0h+W .Pc" A.KKV+ B.BBK+ C.CCJ+ D.MMB+ Hướng dẫn giải S.,W:4" ; B YA→; B A RRT+RRT+ aZ0 +<!=>+?@A?@ C A K ?@ B A C '!:y%S/"  A `:YKYCy`RRT+ OMP ⇒ ?@ CRK RRT MJ  RRK + TJ − × = = ⇒:YCYBy`RRK+ OBP SfOMPOBP/":Y`RRB+ eZ" B?@AYK; B FA K →?@ B OFA K P C YFA B YK; B A ::zB B?@ C A K YMR; B FA K →C?@ B OFA K P C YFA B YMR; B A zB ⇒ RMR B BR B B == + = yx n SO +%s B FA s BBK +%= (Đáp án B) Ví dụ 2:S9ffs*<!*OP>+&A; B E+D MJV+<!C:" &A?@ C A K L B A C /,%F,!++.4+D<! *Z !<!sRCB+%S*4s4+% HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com. Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 3 LeVanTam High School – SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of Materials Chemistry A.RBBK*MKKV+ B.RKKV*MVKJ+ C.RMMB*MBBV+% D.RKKV*MJKV+ Hướng dẫn giải S.,W:4" &AYA→&A B ; B YA→; B A 5 !<!*6Z<!*'* !W A:4:+,%{ !:"+ A `RCB+% ⇒ A RCB  RRB + MJ = = ⇒ ( ) B &A ;   RRB ++ = m2 !/" + : `+ .4 YRCB ⇒MJV`+YRCB⇒+`MJKV+ ⇒ B  O&A ; P s RRB BBK RKKV + = × = *%(Đáp án D) Ví dụ 3: S94.+BBK*OP+D<!*>+&A; B E+D 0,<!L B A C  &A?@ C A K ?@ B A C / !BK+!/%FGH, ! .4j64 0," A.BBK+ B.MMB+ C.BRV+ D.MJV+ Hướng dẫn giải S/" B  O&A ; P BBK  RM + BBK + = = S.,W:" &AYA→&A B ; B YA→; B A% s" B A &A ;    RM += + = ⇒+ A `MJ+ 5 !.4j64 0,"BK−MJ`BBK+%(Đáp án A) Ví dụ 4:&+++DO4!P,=E7&AOP/%F , !.447+RCB+%;<!!/Q  3 4MTT%_4+" A.RlB+ B.RCB+ C.RJK+ D.RKJ+ Hướng dẫn giải &  ; BYM &; B A;Y&A   → &  ; BYM &;AY& ↓ Y; B A 5 !.447+*0 +WA4&A,%{/ !" + A `RCB+→ A RCB  RRB + MJ = = ⇒;<!>+"  B M B & ; &;A " RRB + ; A " RRB +% +    s<!/90 +RRK+%&/ M `CM ⇒+  `CM×RRK`MBK+ +  YRCB`+  +  `MBK−RCB`RlB+%(Đáp án A) * Chú ý:s34!OnPZ4!OnnP[q+p'% Ví dụ 5:a KRK++D<!D+6>+L?@&4)*! TlJ+<!C:%;jG<!C:8;&Be%SX*;&' w" A.RT* B.RU* C.RMB* D.M* Hướng dẫn giải S/" + A `+ : −+  `TlJ−KRK`MlB+⇒ A MlB  RMB + MJ = = HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com. Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 4 LeVanTam High School – SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of Materials Chemistry ;jG<!:8;&6; B A0" B; Y YA B − →; B A RBK+RMB+ sX*;&'w" ;& RBK s RMB B = = *%(Đáp án C) Ví dụ 6:a RM++D::,'fs*A B OcP! RC+&A B RB+; B A%_4s" A.VlJ* B.MMB* C.JUB* D.KKV* Hướng dẫn giải L::,/BWA:/XZoA B %s" B B B B A OoA P A O&A P A O&A P A O; AP    + = + ⇒RM×BY AO%P `RC×BYRB×M⇒ AO%P `RJ+⇒ 2 O n 0,3 mol= sX*A B " B A s JUB= *%(Đáp án C) Ví dụ 7:&<!L>+L|e%a@+:BVJ+L8:!KKJ +<!:N%;GN4;&!{%&)6{! <!+ " A.llJ+ B.KlV+ C.UKU+ D.MRRV+ Hướng dẫn giải _\e+66I+6434% eY  B A B →e B A  OMP e B A  YB;&→Be&  Y; B A OBP S@47OMPOBP→ B ;& A  K%= m2 !→ B A + KKJ BVJ MJ= − = + ⇒ B A  RT= +⇒ ;& `K×RT`B+⇒ &  B + − = ⇒ + +  `+  Y & + − `BVJYB×CTT`llJ+%(Đáp án A) Ví dụ 8:5WBK+<!&A?@ : A  8; B cID!MUJ+< !B+6%5 !; B A6" A.MV+ B.TK+ C.UB+ D.CJ+ Hướng dẫn giải S/" + AO4:P `+ : −+ 6 `BK−MUJ`JK+ ⇒ ( ) 2 O H O m 6,4= +r B ; A JK  RK MJ = = +% →5 !; B A6" B ; A + RK MV UB= × = +%(Đáp án C) Phương pháp 3: BẢO TOÀN MOL ELECTRON S43G'.+6])]8,:/}W+Zw ~8@@4wX]8,:/}W-40 @@4% 0"/[.:/.W4+D<! ,O[,Z,E[6P790 @@4.W 890 @@4+.:/%SQ'H46'46  .:/Z.W+*)'E]+GI]847 ,%gZI(H 3'I[4^!/X: 4%F]+D0 *2X7% Ví dụ 1:A:/RUBV+D?@!MRMJ+<!:0O<!LP% M%;j<!L8:4p%S*X**A.4OcP% A.BBK+ B.BBK+ C.CCJ+ D.KKV+ HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com. Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 5 LeVanTam High School – SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of Materials Chemistry B%&-<!L44D3TK+DL4>G,I)+OI0.MRRkP%;j <!!0,8;&%S*X*4OcP% A.JJRV*  B.RJJRV*  C.CCRK* D.CCRK* Hướng dẫn giải M%&,/X/" B?@YA B    → B?@A OMP B?@YMTA B    → ?@ B A C OBP C?@YBA B    → ?@ C A K OCP &,j/X/" C?@AYMR;A C →C?@OA C P C YA ↑ YT; B A OKP ?@ B A C YJ;A C →B?@OA C P C YC; B A OTP C?@ C A K YBV;A C →l?@OA C P C YA ↑ YMK; B AOJP S..?@f?@ R :/?@ YC j YT W YB A B R WBA − B  47@@4" RUBV C RRRl K C RRCl TJ + × = × = +%S4/0 +A4% S•4H4"`RRRM+%sX*"s A `RRRM×BBK`RRBBK*`BBK+%(Đáp án B) B%&,/X/" BLYC?@A   → C?@YL B A C OUP BLY?@ B A C    → B?@YL B A C OVP VLYC?@ C A K    → l?@YKL B A C OlP ?@YB;&→?@& B Y; B ↑ OMRP BLYJ;&→BL& C YC; B ↑ OMMP =v,OMBCUVlMRMMP.?@ R  w?@ YB L R L YC A B R  BA − B B; Y ; B /47@@40" TK C RRMC B RRRl K  B BU × × + = × + × ?@ R →?@ YB L R →L YC A B R →BA − B B; Y →; B ⇒`RBlT+⇒ B ; s RBlT BBK JJRV= × = *%(Đáp án A) * Nhận xét:S446)'~~6:0O< !LP>+i:-)']8MM474+Q'E ]+346'46 .:/.W4>2@@4 X*!3!640x*h+!% Ví dụ 2: S4DRVM+D)+3D?@ B A C &A4> /XG,I)+ !<!L%;L4;A C /!s**AO0h+ W.Pc%_4s" A.RBBK* B.RJUB* C.BBK* D.JUB* Hướng dẫn giải S/+@0>"  B C  A ?@ A RVM + L s d &A 3 hßa tan hoµn toµn dung dÞch HNO hçn hîp A  + → → =   S.4Q/E47@@4WL% L→L YC YC@  RVM BU `RRC+RRl+   YT YC@→ YB RRl+RRC+ sX**A!"s A `RRC×BBK`RJUB*%(Đáp án D) * Nhận xét:g,I)+G)/<!L) :!*:>+i.IG47/\]847 ,6%5j<!L4:;A C 7L R 6L YC W?@& !/4% HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com. Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 6 LeVanTam High School – SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of Materials Chemistry &/60x+!*Aj!6c+6?@&4<!L%S. !L,pw6!?@&6% Ví dụ 3:&VC+<!=>+L?@O L ` ?@ PMRR+€>+&OA C P B LA C % F,GH!.4L>+C+6%;j.4L ;&./MMB**4OPj6BV+.4)N%>D& e  &OA C P B LA C '!" A.BeMe B.MeBe C.RBeRMe D.5GE Hướng dẫn giải S/"  L ` ?@ ` 8,3 0,1 mol. 83 = aZ C LA  : +=  C B &OA P   += ⇒=Y€→&.4L>+C+6⇒LG?@,Zj%;<!+ G% •‚47:/" L→L CY YC@ ?@→?@ BY YB@ RM+RC+RM+RB+ ⇒S90 +@^8RT+% •‚47W" L Y YM@→L & BY YB@→&B; Y YB@→; B ::: BRMRRT ⇒S90 @+8O:YBYRMP% S@@@4/47" :YBYRM`RT:YB`RK OMP eZ.4N)"L":+r&"+% ⇒MRV:YJK`BV OBP _IOMPOBP!":`RB+r`RM+% ⇒ C e LA RB & RM = `Ber C B e &O A P RM & RM = `Me%(Đáp án B) Ví dụ 4:;jMT+<!=>++6eL€>+;A C ; B FA K Z !RM++<*FA B AA B  B A%g'4~+ !Le4='!" A.JCkCUk B.CJkJKk C.TRkTRk D.KJkTKk Hướng dẫn giải aZ e `:+r L `+%S/"BK:YBU`MT% OMP •‚47:/"  e→e BY YB@ L→L CY YC@ :B: C ⇒S90 +@^8OB:YCP% •‚47W"  YT YC@→ YB B YT YB × K@→B YM RCRM RVRB  YT YM@→ YK F YJ YB@→F YK RMRM RBRM ⇒S90 +@8MK+% S@@@4" B:YC`MK OBP _IOMPOBP!":`RK+r`RB+% ⇒ BU RB kL MRRk CJk% MT × = × = ke`MRRk−CJk`JKk%(Đáp án B) Ví dụ 5:S4DJR+D?@3CR+Dƒ4>/O)/)*P!. 4L%;L8:;&!N*&%a &'s*A B OP% NG,:4%s/4"  A.MMB* B.BM* C.CC* D.Kl* HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com. Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 7 LeVanTam High School – SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of Materials Chemistry Hướng dẫn giải s7 ?@ F CR   CB > = ?@FG% 5*&<!; B F; B %a &!FA B ; B A%5GE wE47, ?@F^@jA B @% •^@" ?@→?@ BY YB@  JR + TJ  JR B TJ × + F→F YK YK@  CR + CB  CR K CB × + •S@"_\0 +A B :+% A B YK@→BA uB  :+K:+ S/" JR CR K: B K TJ CB = × + × 4:`MKUCB+⇒ B A s BBK MKUCB CC= × = *%(Đáp án C) Ví dụ 6";<!L>+B+6o M o B /4:)9Oo M o B )233 ,43&4p6D/\+6P%&<!L,3 ;A C !MMB**A.c%G!<!L4, 3;A C 7!* B d&X**c% A.RBBK* B.RCCJ* C.RKKV* D.RJUB* Hướng dẫn giải S4/B*I+" •S*I+M"o M o B ^@& BY XX&0/&6^@ YT X  YB OAP%F +@o M o B ^4"  YT YC@→ YB RMT RTR KBB MBM = + •S*I+B"o M o B 4G^@ YT X64 B %_\:0 + B 70 +@ " B YT YMR@→ R B   MR::+ S/"MR:`RMT→:`RRMT⇒ 2 N V `BBK%RRMT`RCCJ*%(Đáp án B) Ví dụ 7:&MCT+<!>+&eL2G3;A C !<!* >+RRM+ARRK+A B %S* !+ 644% A.MRRV+ B.JTl+ C.TJl+ D.TlJ+ Hướng dẫn giải * C 1 :aZ:y'!0 +&eL% •^@" &→ B & + YB@e→ B e + YB@L→ C L + YC@ ::B:ByyCy •S@"  YT YC@→ YB OAP YT YM@→ YK OA B P RRCRRMRRKRRK S/"B:YBYCy`RRCYRRK`RRU+RRU+-*0 +A C − % 5 !+ 4"MCTYJB×RRU`TJl+%(Đáp án C) * C 2 : +3"5+6Z<!+623:;A C 6 <!B*AA B 7" C B ;A A A  B K= + C ;A  B RRK K RRM RMB= × + × = + ⇒F +; B A" 2 H O n 0,06= + m2 !" HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com. Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 8 LeVanTam High School – SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of Materials Chemistry 3 2 2 KL HNO muèi NO NO H O m m m m m m+ = + + + ⇒ MCTYRMB×JC`+ +  YRRM×CRYRRK×KJYRRJ×MV⇒+ +  `TJl+% (Đáp án C) Ví dụ 8:;jMB+<!?@&OQI+M"MP8:;A C !s*OcP <!*=O>+AA B P€OQ,+ :P%SQ = 3; B  8Ml%_4s" A.BBK* B.KKV* C.TJR* D.CCJ* Hướng dẫn giải aZ ?@ ` & `+→TJYJK`MB→`RM+ •^@" ?@→?@ CY YC@ &→& BY YB@ RMRCRMRB •@"  YT YC@→ YB  YT YM@→ YK C::  S9 @ 89 @ ⇒C:Y`RT eZ"CR:YKJ`Ml×BO:YP⇒:`RMBTr`RMBT% ⇒s *OP `RMBT×B×BBK`TJ*%(Đáp án C) Ví dụ 9"++D04:!C+<!.4=%;jG<!=4 ;A C OP4RTJ*OcPAO0h+W.P%_4+" A.BTB+ B.BBB+  C.BJB+ D.BCB+ Hướng dẫn giải S/"++?@YA B →C+<!.4= 3 HNO d­ → RTJ*A% S.E47:/}W4" •^@" ?@→?@ CY YC@  + TJ  C+ TJ +@ •@"A B YK@→BA B −  YT YC@→ YB  C + CB −  KOC +P CB − +@RRUT+RRBT+ Sf/!" C+ TJ ` KOC +P CB − YRRUT⇒+`BTB+%(Đáp án A) Phương pháp 4: SỬ DỤNG PHƯƠNG TRÌNH ION – ELETRON aX+ 8['6+47 ,36]Wf/0447)/+D0 )X@ 47]W!+@47%sI/\8 HHX„[.47/\%Sf+D47 /XH34.[47]W%s*2,i<!:3 y[/+D47" ; Y YA; − →; B A Z,&+63<!A C ; B FA K " C&YV; Y YBA C − →C& BY YBA ↑ YK; B A%%% F]+D0 *2% Ví dụ 1:;<!=>+O?@?@ B A C ?@ C A K ?@AP30 ++<.RM+jG €>+O;&; B FA K pP!|%qff&OA C P B Me| 3f*A%SX*&OA C P B 'wX**4c' !" A.BT+MMB* B.RT*BBK* C.TR+BBK* D.TR+MMB* Hướng dẫn giải ‚<!RM+?@ B A C RM+?@ARM+?@ C A K % ;<!=>+"O?@ C A K RB+r?@RM+P23€% ?@ C A K YV; Y →?@ BY YB?@ CY YK; B A RBRBRK ?@YB; Y →?@ BY Y; B ↑  HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com. Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 9 LeVanTam High School – SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of Materials Chemistry RMRM {|>+O?@ BY "RC+r?@ CY "RK+PY&OA C P B " C?@ BY YA C − YK; Y →C?@ CY YA ↑ YB; B A RCRMRM ⇒s A `RM×BBK`BBK*% S/" C B C &OA P A M   RRT B − = = +⇒ C B  &OA P RRT s RRT M = = *`TR+%(Đáp án C) Ví dụ 2:;jRM+&+64MBR+=>+;A C Me; B FA K RTe%F ,GH!s**A.OP%_4s" A.MCKK* B.MKl* C.RJUB* D.MMB* Hướng dẫn giải S/" C ;A  RMB= + B K ; FA  RRJ= +⇒S9 ;  RBK + = + C A  RMB − = +% g47" C&YV; Y YBA C − →C& BY YBA ↑ YK; B A N'" RMRBKRMB g," RRl←RBK→RRJRRJ F," RRMOPOGPRRJOP ⇒ s A `RRJ×BBK`MCKK*%(Đáp án A) Ví dụ 3:{=,A;RBe&OA;P B RMe%F2UVK**&A B OP M*=7!G!" A.MT+ B.T+ C.MR+ D.BR+ Hướng dẫn giải S/" B &A  `RCT+r A; `RB+r B &OA; P  `RM+ ⇒S9 A;  − `RBYRM×B`RK+ B &  + `RM+ g474H\" &A B YBA; − →&A C B − Y; B A RCTRK RB←RK→RB ⇒ B &A O P  d­ `RCT−RB`RMT+RMT+G2:4," &A C B − Y&A B Y; B A→B;&A C − N'" RBRMT g," RMT←RMT ⇒ B C &A  − j68RMT+⇒ C &&A  ↓ `RRT+⇒ C &&A + `RRT×MRR`T+%(Đáp án B) Ví dụ 4:;jG<!>++D+6[++D+6[+943!L /MMB*; B 4OcP%&,RRC+L& C L%5 !G !" A.RUV+ B.MTJ+ C.RVM+ D.BCK+ Hướng dẫn giải g,+6[++6[+93; B A" eY; B A→eOA;P  Y B  ; B Sf47/" B ; A;  B − = `RM+ {L23RRC+L& C " L CY YCA; − →LOA;P C ↓ N'" RRCRM g," RRC→RRl→RRC ⇒ A; O P  d­ − `RRM+RRM+G2jG@47" LOA;P C YA; − →LA B − YB; B A RRM←RRM HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com. Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 10 [...]... trng hp l: a i vi nng % v khi lng: C1 C2 | C2 - C | C m1 C 2 C = m 2 C1 C (1) V1 C2 C = V2 C1 C (2) V1 C2 C = V2 C1 C (3) | C1 - C | b i vi nng mol/lớt: CM1 C ` | C2 - C | CM2 | C1 - C | c i vi khi lng riờng: d1 d2 d | d2 - d | | d1 - d | Khi s dng s ng chộo cn chỳ ý: - Cht rn coi nh dung dch cú C = 100% - Dung mụi coi nh dung dch cú C = 0% - Khi lng riờng ca H2O l d = 1g/ml Sau õy l mt... thc cu to thu gn ca X nh sau: A CnH2n+2O v CnH2n+1OH B CnH2n+ 2-2 k v R(OH)z vi k 0 l tng s liờn kt hay vũng mch cacbon, z 1 l s nhúm, R l gc hirocacbon C CnH2n+2Oz v CxHy(OH)z D C A, B v C u ỳng ỏp ỏn: (B) Bi 23: Cho bit sn phm chớnh ca phn ng kh nc ca (CH 3)2CHCH(OH)CH3? A 2-metyl buten-1 B 3-metyl buten-1 C 2-metyl buten-2 D 3-metyl buten-2 ỏp ỏn: (C) Bi 24: Cho bit s ng phõn no ca ru no, n chc t... d 2: pha c 500 ml dung dch nc mui sinh lý (C = 0,9%) cn ly V ml dung dch NaCl 3% pha vi nc ct Giỏ tr ca V l: A 150 ml B 214,3 ml C 285,7 ml D 350 ml Hng dn gii Ta cú s : V (NaCl) 1 | 0,9 - 0 | 3 V2 (H2O) 0 0,9 | 3 - 0,9 | V1 = 0,9 ì 500 = 150 ml (ỏp ỏn A) 2,1 + 0,9 HoNgocHienInFo39@yahoo.com Tel: 0944.78.58.59 or 0121.69.96.96.5 Page 19 LeVanTam High School SocTrang Province General Knowledge Of... Of Materials Chemistry phng phỏp, cỏc dng bi ó c bn c bit n Sau õy l mt s vớ d v dng bi tỡm mi liờn h khỏi quỏt gia cỏc i lng thng xut hin trong trong cỏc thi tuyn sinh i hc Vớ d 1: Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na 2CO3 ng thi khuy u, thu c V lớt khớ ( ktc) v dung dch X Khi cho d nc vụi trong vo dung dch X thy cú xut hin kt ta Biu thc liờn h gia V vi a, b l: A V = 22,4(a b)... ta dựng mt thuc th no di õy? A Dung dch Iot B Dung dch HCl C Cu(OH)2/OHD Dung dch AgNO3/NH3 ỏp ỏn: (C) Bi 13: Ch dựng 1 thuc th no di õy phõn bit c cỏc dung dch sau: glucoz, glixerol, metanal, propan-1-ol? A Cu(OH)2/OHB Na kim loi C Dung dch Brom D Dung dch AgNO3/NH3 ỏp ỏn: (A) Bi 14: Hp cht hu c X cú mch cacbon khụng phõn nhỏnh, bc nht (cha C, H, N), trong ú Nit chim 23,73% v khi lng Bit X tỏc dng... mFe = 56ì(0,025 + 0,02) = 2,52 gam (ỏp ỏn A) 1,6 ì 2 = 0,02 mol 160 Phng phỏp 8: S NG CHẫO Bi toỏn trn ln cỏc cht vi nhau l mt dng bi tp hay gp trong chng trỡnh húa hc ph thụng cng nh trong cỏc thi kim tra v thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng Ta cú th gii bi tp dng ny theo nhiu cỏch khỏc nhau, song vic gii loi dng bi tp ny theo phng phỏp s ng chộo theo tỏc gi l tt nht Nguyờn tc: Trn ln hai dung dch: Dung... dựng dd Iot, dựng Cu(OH)2 D Dựng phenolphtalein, dựng HNO3 c, dựng H2SO4 c ỏp ỏn: (A) Bi 57: Hp cht C4H6O2 cú th l: A Este hay axit mch h cha no cha 1 ni ụi mch cacbon B Anehit no 2 chc hay xeton-anehit C Ancol-anehit cha no hoc ancol cha no cú 2 liờn kt D A, B v C u ỳng ỏp ỏn: (D) Bi 58: X l hp cht hu c cha C, H, O X tham gia phn ng trỏng gng v phn ng vi dung dch NaOH t chỏy ht a mol X thu c 3a mol... sau õy? A Fe B Cu C Ca D Mg ỏp ỏn: (B) Bi 80: Mt cc nc cú cha 0,01 mol Na+, 0,01 mol Mg2+, 0,02 mol Ca2+, 0,02 mol Cl- v 0,05 mol HCO 3 Nc trong cc l: A Nc cng ton phn B Nc cng tm phn C Nc cng vnh cu D Nc mm ỏp ỏn: (A) Bi 81: Cho dung dch cha cỏc ion sau: K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Pb2+, H+, Cl- Mun tỏch c nhiu cation ra khi dung dch m khụng a ion l vo dung dch, ta cú th cho dung dch tỏc dng vi cht no trong... 100.10y y = x + 2 (ỏp ỏn D) Ta cú: Vớ d 6: thu ly Ag tinh khit t hn hp X (gm a mol Al2O3, b mol CuO, c mol Ag2O), ngi ta ho tan X bi dung dch cha (6a + 2b + 2c) mol HNO3 c dung dch Y, sau ú thờm (gi thit hiu sut cỏc phn ng u l 100%) A c mol bt Al vo Y B c mol bt Cu vo Y C 2c mol bt Al vo Y D 2c mol bt Cu vo Y Hng dn gii Hũa tan hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3: Al2O3 + 6HNO3 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O a 6a 2a CuO... Al(OH)3 thỡ iu kin ca a v b l: A b > 2a B b < 2a C b 2a D b 2a (ỏp ỏn C) Phng phỏp 10: T CHN LNG CHT Trong mt s cõu hi v bi tp trc nghim chỳng ta cú th gp mt s trng hp c bit sau: + Cú mt s bi toỏn tng nh thiu d kin gõy b tc cho vic tớnh toỏn + Cú mt s bi toỏn ngi ta cho di dng giỏ tr tng quỏt nh a gam, V lớt, n mol hoc cho t l th tớch hoc t l s mol cỏc cht Nh vy kt qu gii bi toỏn khụng ph thuc vo cht . 50W20>^v'H(" - Chất rắn coi như dung dịch có C = 100% - Dung môi coi như dung dịch có C = 0% - Khối lượng riêng của H 2 O là d =. /<!.4q - *% 0"5 !]W47O5bgSSNPO*I e P -   !W47O5bSSNP*