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Chapter 7 - The skeleton (part a) provides knowledge of the skull. After completing this unit, you should be able to: Name, describe, and identify the skull bones. Identify their important markings; compare and contrast the major functions of the cranium and the facial skeleton.
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College CHAPTER The Skeleton: Part A Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc The Axial Skeleton • Consists of 80 bones • Three major regions • Skull • Vertebral column • Thoracic cage Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Skull Thoracic cage (ribs and sternum) Vertebral column Sacrum Cranium Facial bones Clavicle Scapula Sternum Rib Humerus Vertebra Radius Ulna Carpals Phalanges Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula (a) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Figure 7.1a The Skull • Two sets of bones Cranial bones • • Enclose the brain in the cranial cavity • Cranial vault (calvaria) • Cranial base: anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae Provide sites of attachment for head and neck muscles Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc The Skull Facial bones • Framework of face • Cavities for special sense organs for sight, taste, and smell • Openings for air and food passage • Sties of attachment for teeth and muscles of facial expression Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Bones of cranium (cranial vault) Coronal suture Squamous suture Lambdoid suture Facial bones (a) Cranial and facial divisions of the skull Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 7.2a Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa (b) Superior view of the cranial fossae Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 7.2b Cranial Bones • Frontal bone • Parietal bones (2) • Occipital bone • Temporal bones (2) • Sphenoid bone • Ethmoid bone Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Frontal Bone • Anterior portion of cranium • Most of anterior cranial fossa • Superior wall of orbits • Contains air-filled frontal sinus Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Frontal bone Glabella Frontonasal suture Supraorbital foramen (notch) Supraorbital margin Superior orbital fissure Optic canal Inferior orbital fissure Middle nasal concha Ethmoid Perpendicular bone plate Inferior nasal concha Vomer Parietal bone Squamous part of frontal bone Nasal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Zygomatic bone Infraorbital foramen Maxilla Mandible Mental foramen (a) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Mandibular symphysis Figure 7.4a Nasal Bones and Lacrimal Bones • Nasal bones • Form bridge of nose • Lacrimal bones • In medial walls of orbits • Lacrimal fossa houses lacrimal sac Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Frontal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Ethmoid bone Coronal suture Parietal bone Temporal bone Lacrimal bone Lacrimal fossa Lambdoid suture Squamous suture Occipital bone Zygomatic process Occipitomastoid suture External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Styloid process Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Alveolar margins Mandibular condyle Mandibular notch Mandible Mental foramen Mandibular ramus Mandibular angle Coronoid process (a) External anatomy of the right side of the skull Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 7.5a Palatine Bones and Vomer • Palatine bones • Posterior one-third of hard palate • Posterolateral walls of the nasal cavity • Small part of the orbits Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc • Vomer • Plow shaped • Lower part of nasal septum Maxilla (palatine process) Hard Palatine bone palate (horizontal plate) Zygomatic bone Temporal bone (zygomatic process) Vomer Mandibular fossa Styloid process Mastoid process Temporal bone (petrous part) Pharyngeal tubercle of basilar region of the occipital bone Parietal bone External occipital crest External occipital protuberance (a) Inferior view of the skull (mandible removed) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Incisive fossa Intermaxillary suture Median palatine suture Infraorbital foramen Maxilla Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum Carotid canal External acoustic meatus Stylomastoid foramen Jugular foramen Occipital condyle Inferior nuchal line Superior nuchal line Foramen magnum Figure 7.6a Inferior Nasal Conchae • Form part of lateral walls of nasal cavity Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Frontal sinus Superior, middle, and inferior meatus Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Sphenoid sinus Pterygoid process Palatine bone (perpendicular plate) Anterior nasal spine Maxillary bone (palatine process) Palatine bone (horizontal plate) (a) Bones forming the left lateral wall of the nasal cavity (nasal septum removed) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 7.14a Orbits • Encase eyes and lacrimal glands • Sites of attachment for eye muscles • Formed by parts of seven bones (next slide) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Roof of orbit Supraorbital notch Superior orbital fissure Optic canal • Lesser wing of sphenoid bone • Orbital plate of frontal bone Medial wall • Sphenoid body Lateral wall of orbit • Orbital plate of ethmoid bone • Zygomatic process of frontal bone • Frontal process of maxilla • Greater wing of sphenoid bone • Lacrimal bone • Orbital surface of zygomatic bone Nasal bone Floor of orbit Inferior orbital fissure • Orbital process of palatine bone Infraorbital groove Zygomatic bone • Orbital surface of maxillary bone Infraorbital foramen • Zygomatic bone (b) Contribution of each of the seven bones forming the right orbit Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 7.13a Nasal Cavity • Roof, lateral walls, and floor formed by parts of four bones • Ethmoid • Palatine bones • Maxillary bones • Inferior nasal conchae • Nasal septum of bone and hyaline cartilage • Ethmoid • Vomer • Anterior septal cartilage Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Frontal sinus Superior, middle, and inferior meatus Superior nasal concha Middle nasal concha Ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Sphenoid sinus Pterygoid process Palatine bone (perpendicular plate) Anterior nasal spine Maxillary bone (palatine process) Palatine bone (horizontal plate) (a) Bones forming the left lateral wall of the nasal cavity (nasal septum removed) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 7.14a Ethmoid bone Crista galli Cribriform plate Sella turcica Sphenoid sinus Frontal sinus Nasal bone Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone Septal cartilage Palatine bone Hard Palatine process palate of maxilla Vomer Alveolar margin of maxilla (b) Nasal cavity with septum in place showing the contributions of the ethmoid bone, the vomer, and septal cartilage Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 7.14b Paranasal Sinuses • Mucosa-lined, air-filled spaces • Lighten the skull • Enhance resonance of voice • Found in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Frontal sinus Ethmoidal air cells (sinus) Sphenoid sinus Maxillary sinus (a) Anterior aspect Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Frontal sinus Ethmoidal air cells Sphenoid sinus Maxillary sinus (b) Medial aspect Figure 7.15 Hyoid Bone • Not a bone of the skull • Does not articulate directly with another bone • Site of attachment for muscles of swallowing and speech Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Greater horn Lesser horn Body Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 7.12 ... Maxilla Alveolar margins Mandibular condyle Mandibular notch Mandible Mental foramen Mandibular ramus Mandibular angle Coronoid process (a) External anatomy of the right side of the skull Copyright... Mandibular notch Mandibular fossa of temporal bone Mandibular condyle Coronoid process Mandibular foramen Alveolar margin Mental foramen Ramus of mandible Mandibular angle (a) Mandible, right lateral... foramen Maxilla Mandible Mental foramen (a) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc Mandibular symphysis Figure 7.4a Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures • Superior and lateral