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After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: Nutrition and chronic disease, physical inactivity and chronic disease, genetics and disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, diabetes mellitus,...
Chapter 10 Diet and Health Nutrition and Chronic Disease • • Disease: “An impairment of the normal state of a living animal” Nutrition affects risk for developing chronic disease, including Heart disease Diabetes Cancer Nutrition and Chronic Disease • Nutrition Informatics Intersection of information, nutrition, and technology US healthcare system moving to electronic records Nutrition and Chronic Disease • Healthy People 2020 Disease prevention/health promotion objectives o Increase the quality and years of healthy life o Eliminate health disparities Nutrition and Chronic Disease • • Obesity and chronic disease Obesity a risk factor for coronary heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome Weight loss can improve health outcomes Physical inactivity and chronic disease Sedentary lifestyle a significant risk factor Physically active outlive the inactive Plays a significant role in long-term weight management Genetics and Disease • • Disease Risk Factors Genetics, environment, nutrition, lifestyle Human Genome Project International effort designed to help understand the genetics of diseases Spearheaded by NIH Genetics and Disease • • The Workings of DNA and Genes Genetic code for making proteins Mutations: error in genetic code Nutritional Genomics Influence of diet on gene expression Cancer • Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Cancer Risk Fat o High-fat diets associated with an increase in risk of cancers Vegetables and fruits o Consumption reduces cancer risk Whole grains and legumes o Higher-fiber diets shown to reduce cancer risks Diabetes Mellitus • • Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism Types Type Type Gestational Pre-diabetes Diabetes Mellitus • • Type Diabetes Occurs when body’s immune system attacks beta cells in pancreas, causing them to lose ability to make insulin Type Diabetes Occurs when target cells lose the ability to respond normally to insulin Diabetes Mellitus • • Gestational Diabetes High blood glucose levels during pregnancy Pre-Diabetes High blood glucose levels that not warrant a diabetic diagnosis Diabetes Mellitus • Hypoglycemia Low blood sugar resulting from excess insulin Reactive—occurs after eating carbohydrate-rich food Fasting—occurs when body produces too much insulin even when no food is eaten Diabetes Mellitus • • • Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Diabetes Risk Obesity Management Diet Physical activity Medications Nutrition Metabolic Syndrome • Cluster of at least three of the following risk factors: Abdominal obesity High fasting blood glucose High serum triglycerides Low HDL cholesterol Elevated blood pressure Osteoporosis • Definition “Porous bone” Bone mass declines and bone quality deteriorates Osteoporosis • Reducing the risk Attain peak bone mass through the following o Calcium o Vitamin D o Vitamin A o Exercise ... Cancer Nutrition and Chronic Disease • Nutrition Informatics Intersection of information, nutrition, and technology US healthcare system moving to electronic records Nutrition and Chronic... Chronic Disease • Healthy People 2020 Disease prevention /health promotion objectives o Increase the quality and years of healthy life o Eliminate health disparities Nutrition and Chronic Disease... Disease • Dietary and Lifestyle Factors for Reducing Atherosclerosis Risk Balance calories and activity to achieve or maintain healthy body weight Consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables