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Chapter 43 - Assisting with cold and heat therapy and ambulation. In this chapter you will learn: Explain how medical assistants might assist with some forms of physical therapy; describe ways to test joint mobility, muscle strength, gait, and posture; discuss the benefits of cold and heat therapies; list contraindications to cold and heat therapies;...
PowerPoint® to accompany Medical Assisting Chapter 43 Second Edition Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display Assisting with Cold and Heat Therapy and Ambulation Objectives: 431 Explain how medical assistants might assist with some forms of physical therapy. 432 Describe ways to test joint mobility, muscle strength, gait, and posture 433 Discuss the benefits of cold and heat therapies 434 List contraindications to cold and heat therapies 435 Identify various cold and heat therapies 436 Demonstrate how to perform cold and heat therapies Assisting with Cold and Heat Therapy and Ambulation Objectives (cont.) 437 Describe hydrotherapy methods 438 Identify several methods of exercise therapy 439 Compare different methods of traction 4310 Demonstrate how to teach a patient to use a cane, a walker, crutches, and a wheelchair Introduction Applying cold and You may also assist: Applying cold and heat heat therapy and Teaching basic assisting patients exercises with ambulation are common duties of a Demonstrating the use of cane, walker, and medical assistant crutches Demonstrating how to use a wheelchair and discussing specific therapies with the patient for use at home are also duties that you may be asked to perform General Principles of Physical Therapy Physical therapy is a medical specialty for treatment of musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiopulmonary disorders Assisting with a Therapeutic Team Therapeutic team Physicians Nurses Medical assistants Other specialists Coordinate schedules Making referrals Explaining treatment approach Documenting treatments You must have a working knowledge of therapy techniques Assisting with Patient Assessment Joint mobility testing – range of motion (degree to which a joint is able to move) using a goniometer Muscle strength testing – determine the amount of force the patient can exert using a 5point scale Gait testing – way a person walks (gait and swing) Posture – body position and alignment Cryotherapy & Thermotherapy Cryotherapy – applying cold to a patient’s body for therapeutic reasons Wet or dry Chemical or natural Ice packs or bags Thermotherapy – applying heat to a patient’s body for therapeutic reasons Dry heat Electric pads Heat lamps Hot soaks Factors Affecting Use of Heat and Cold Age Treatment location Circulation or sensation impairment Temperature tolerance Principles of Cryotherapy Physiologic responses to cold include: Prevention of swelling by limiting edema Control bleeding by constricting blood vessels Lowering body temperature Reduction of pus formation by inhibiting microorganisms Activity 10 Electrical Stimulation Devices that deliver controlled amounts of lowvoltage electric current to motor and sensory nerves to stimulate muscles Prevents atrophy in muscles Helps in healing injured joints Retrain a patient to use injured muscles 21 Apply Your Knowledge A patient reports to you that he is having a lot of muscle aches when he performs his ROM exercises. What suggestions could you give him to prevent and treat this problem? 22 Apply Your Knowledge Answer A patient reports to you that he is having a lot of muscle aches when he performs his ROM exercises. What suggestions could you give him to prevent and treat this problem? To prevent the problem he should keep track of the number or repetitions and amount of weight and increase each of these slowly. To treat the problem he should rest and soak in a hot tub 23 Traction The pulling or stretching of the musculoskeletal system to treat fracture bones and dislocation, arthritic, or other diseased joints May be used to: Create and maintain bone alignment Reduce and prevent joint stiffening Correct deformities Reduce and relieve muscle spasms 24 Type of Traction Manual – performed by pulling a patient’s limb by using you hands Static (weight traction) using a harness and weights to relieve muscle spasms Skin – use of foam rubber and weights to prevent injury to the skin while decreasing muscle spasms Skeletal – use pins, wires, or tongs inserted into bones which are attached to pulleys and weights for continuous traction 25 Mobility Aids Devices to improve patients’ ability to ambulate Canes Walkers Crutches Wheelchairs 26 Mobility Aids (cont.) Canes Standard Patient who needs only small amount of support Tripod (3 legs) and Quadbase (4 legs) Create wide base of support Make them more stable than standard Can stand alone, free patient’s hands when they sit 27 Mobility Aids (cont.) Walkers Aluminum frame with four widely placed legs with rubber tips Legs are adjustable Used by older patients who are too weak to walk unassisted or who have balance problems 28 Mobility Aids (cont.) Crutches Allow patient to walk without putting weight on the feet or legs by transferring that weight to the arms Aluminum or wood 29 Mobility Aids (cont.) Crutch gaits Four point – used for slow gait for a patient who can bear weight on both legs Three point – used when patient cannot bear weight on one leg Two point – used when patient can have some weight on both legs Swing point – used when patient has severe disabilities 30 Mobility Aids (cont.) Wheelchair Depends on patient’s disability and length of time wheel chair needed You may be responsible for transferring patient from wheelchair to exam table Ensure safety for patient and you by following transfer techniques 31 Apply Your Knowledge When would a walker be an appropriate mobility device for use by your patient? 32 Apply Your Knowledge Answer When would a walker be an appropriate mobility device for use by your patient? Walkers are used by older patients who are too weak to walk unassisted or who have balance problems 33 Summary Medical Assistant You will be asked to help with cryotherapy, thermotherapy, and other treatments You will need to teach a patient how to use mobility aids 34 End of Chapter 35 ... strength, gait, and posture 43 3 Discuss the benefits of cold and heat therapies 43 4 List contraindications to cold and heat therapies 43 5 Identify various cold and heat therapies 43 6 Demonstrate how to perform cold and heat ... 43 6 Demonstrate how to perform cold and heat therapies Assisting with Cold and Heat Therapy and Ambulation Objectives (cont.) 43 7 Describe hydrotherapy methods 43 8 Identify several methods of exercise therapy 43 9 Compare different methods of traction...Assisting with Cold and Heat Therapy and Ambulation Objectives: 43 1 Explain how medical assistants might assist with some forms of physical therapy. 43 2 Describe ways to test joint mobility, muscle