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Chapter 53 - X-Rays and diagnostic radiology. Diagnostic radiology has evolved immensely since the discovery of the simple x-ray beam. It has become a valuable screening and clinical diagnosis tool for physicians. In this chapter, you will learn the basics of noninvasive and invasive radiology as well as your role as a medical assistant in this testing.
PowerPoint® to accompany Medical Assisting Chapter 53 Second Edition Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display X rays and Diagnostic Radiology Objectives: 531 Define X rays and explain how they are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes 532 Compare invasive and noninvasive diagnostic procedures 533 Discuss the medical assistant’s role in xray and diagnostic radiology testing 534 Describe the imaging process and uses of the various types of X rays X rays and Diagnostic Radiology Objectives: 535 Discuss the medical assistant’s duties in preparing a patient for an X ray 536 Explain the risks and safety precautions associated with radiology work 537 Describe proper procedures for filing and maintaining xray films and records Introduction Diagnostic radiology is a valuable tool for physicians for screening and clinical diagnosis Safety issues, proper handling, and storage of the actual films are discussed You will learn the basics of noninvasive and invasive radiology and your role in this testing Brief History of X ray 1895 Wilhelm K Roentgen discovered X ray. High energy level of electromagnetic waves traveling at 186,000 miles per second that can penetrate solids X ray reacts with photographic film Diagnostic Radiology Tests sometimes use contrast media Special techniques or instruments for viewing internal structures and functions Contrast medium – Substance that makes internal organs denser Blocks the passage of X rays to the photographic film Contrast media include gases, heavy metal salts (barium sulfate or bismuth carbonate), and iodine compounds Invasive Procedures Requires a radiologist to insert a catheter, wire, or other testing device into a blood vessel or organ Requires surgical aseptic techniques For example, Angiography Noninvasive Procedures Standard X rays or ultrasound View internal structure Does not require inserting devices, breaking the skin, or monitoring Uses the conventional xray machine or specialized instruments Medical Assistant’s Role Assisting the radiologic technologist or radiologist in performing diagnostic radiologic procedure You may be allowed to learn how to operate X rays Provide preprocedure and post procedure care of the patient Explain the test to the patient Preprocedure Care Schedule appointments Provide preparation instructions Explain the procedure Ask pertinent questions. Obtain medication history. Ask woman if she is pregnant or could be pregnant and report the answers to the physician or radiologic technologist 10 Common Diagnostic Test Contrast Media –visualized body structures Angiography Arthrography Barium enema and swallow Cystography Myelography Retrograde pyelography 14 Common Diagnostic Test Fluoroscopycertain chemicals will become fluorescent to view internal organs Angiography – invasive to assess the vessel’s blood flow or condition Arthrography – used to diagnose abnormalities or injuries in cartilage, tendons, or ligaments Barium enema and swallow – instills barium to view internal organs 15 Common Diagnostic Test Cholecystography – detect gallstones or gallbladder Conventional tomography and computer tomography – used to diagnosis problems in almost all of body structures 16 Common Diagnostic Test (cont.) Heart X ray – shows configuration of the heart and shows cardiac enlargement or aortic dilation Intravenous pyelography (IVP) – shows how contrast medium travels through the urinary system to detect problems Retrograde pyelography – injects the contrast medium through a urethral catheter and is similar to IVP 17 Common Diagnostic Test (cont.) Kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) radiography – assesses the size, shape, and position of urinary organs Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – uses strong magnetic field to examine internal structures and soft tissues Mammography – exams internal breast tissues 18 Common Diagnostic Test (cont.) Myelography – fluoroscopy of the spinal cord used to evaluate spinal abnormalities Nuclear medicine – use of radionuclides or radioisotopes (radioactive elements or their compounds) to evaluate internal organs SPECT PET MUGA 19 Common Diagnostic Test (cont.) Stereoscopy – study of the skull with specially designed microscope Thermography – diagnose breast tumors, breast abscesses, and fibrocystic breast disease Ultrasound – directs highfrequency sound waves to produce an echo of the internal organ 20 Common Therapeutic Uses of Radiation Used to treat cancer by preventing cellular reproduction Two types: Teletherapy – allows deep penetration used for deep tumors Brachytherapy – places temporary radioactive implants close to or directly into the cancerous tissue Take special precautions for radiation safety when treating patients with brachytherapy 21 Radiation Safety and Dose Reducing Patient Exposure Prevent serious general tissue damage by limiting radiation dose to levels below known thresholds To reduce the risk of cancer or genetic effects to a level that is balanced by potential benefits 22 Safety Precautions Personnel safety Adhere to guidelines, must always wear a radiation exposure badge Make sure equipment is working properly Be sure others wear lead shield when equipment is operating 23 Storing and Filing X rays Keep fresh film on hand Maintain new and exposed film in good condition between 50700 and at 30 50% humidity Prevent pressure marks Do not stack on top of each other and use oldest film first Open all packages or boxes in darkroom 24 Apply Your Knowledge What is an MRI? 25 Apply Your Knowledge Answer What is an MRI? Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – uses strong magnetic field to examine internal structures and soft tissues 26 Summary Medical Assistant You will be asked to assist with patient care before and sometimes during and after diagnostic procedures Your responsibilities include explanations to patients, preparing patients for various tests, and assisting doctor or technician as need 27 End of Chapter 28 ...X rays and Diagnostic Radiology Objectives: 53 1 Define X rays and explain how they are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes 53 2 Compare invasive and noninvasive diagnostic procedures 53 3 Discuss the medical assistant’s role in xray and ... 53 3 Discuss the medical assistant’s role in xray and diagnostic radiology testing 53 4 Describe the imaging process and uses of the various types of X rays X rays and Diagnostic Radiology Objectives: 53 5 Discuss the medical assistant’s duties in preparing ... 53 5 Discuss the medical assistant’s duties in preparing a patient for an X ray 53 6 Explain the risks and safety precautions associated with radiology work 53 7 Describe proper procedures for filing and