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Chapter 30 - The respiratory system. After completing Chapter 30, you will be able to: Explain the functions of the respiratory system, explain the difference between internal respiration and external respiration, describe how the larynx produces voice sounds, list the structures contained within the lungs,...
PowerPoint® to accompany Medical Assisting Chapter 30 Second Edition Ramutkowski • Booth • Pugh • Thompson • Whicker Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display The Respiratory System Objectives 301 Explain the functions of the respiratory system 302 Explain the difference between internal and external respiration. 303 Describe how the larynx produces voice sounds 304 List the structures contained within the lungs 305 Describe the coverings of the lungs and chest cavity 306 Describe the events that lead to the inspiration and expiration of air 307 Explain how the brain controls breathing and how normal breathing patterns can be disrupted The Respiratory System Objectives (cont.) 308 List and explain various respiratory volumes and tell how they are used to diagnose respiratory problems 309 Describe how oxygen is transported from the lungs to body cells 3010 Describe how carbon dioxide is transported from body cells to the lungs 3011 Describe the signs, symptoms, causes, and treatments of various respiratory disorders and diseases. The Respiratory System The major function of the respiratory system is ventilation (breathing) This system also functions to deliver oxygen (O2) to the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream O2 O2 O2 Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide CO2 CO2 CO2 Organs of the Respiratory System Organs of the respiratory system: Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tree Lungs Organs of the Respiratory System (cont.) The Nasal Cavity Nasal septum divides the cavity into right and left portions Nasal conchae extend from walls of nasal cavity Mucous membrane warms and moistens the air and cilia helps eliminate particles The Paranasal Sinuses These are airfilled spaces within the skull bones Serve to reduce weight of the skull and give your voice a certain tone Skull bones with sinuses include: Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Maxillae bones Organs of the Respiratory System (cont.) The Pharynx An organ of both the respiratory and digestive system The Larynx Larynx also called the “voice box” Moves air in and out of the trachea, and produces voice Composed of three cartilages: Thyroid cartilage Epiglottic cartilage Cricoid cartilage Organs of the Respiratory System (cont.) Vocal Cords Stretched between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage Upper vocal cords are false cords and lower vocal cords are true vocal cords The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords The more vocal cords are stretched, the higher the voice pitch Posterior Portion of Tongue False Vocal Cords True Vocal Cords Glottis Organs of the Respiratory System (cont.) Trachea Trachea Referred to as the windpipe Tubular organ made of rings of cartilage and smooth muscle Lined with cells possessing cilia Extends from the larynx to the bronchi Cilia moves mucus up to the throat where it is swallowed. Smoking destroys cilia. Organs of the Respiratory System (cont.) • Coneshaped organs • Right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes • The membranes surrounding the lungs is called the pleura The lungs contain connective tissue, the bronchial tree, nerves, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels 10 Apply Your Knowledge The medical assistant working for a general practitioner is taking the medical history of a new patient. The patient states “Even after sleeping 8 to 9 hours I still feel really tired.” The patient’s spouse states, “Well you sure snore loud, as if the sleep is so good.” Which of the following is a possible cause for the excessive fatigue? a Periods of apnea b Depression c Tuberculosis 20 Apply Your Knowledge Answer The medical assistant working for a general practitioner is taking the medical history of a new patient. The patient states “Even after sleeping 89 hours I still feel really tired.” The patient’s spouse states, “Well you sure snore loud, as if the sleep is so good.” Which of the following is a possible cause for the excessive fatigue? a Periods of apnea b Depression c Tuberculosis 21 Common Respiratory Conditions Asthma is a condition in which the bronchial tree becomes obstructed due to inflammation Causes includes allergens, cigarette smoke, pollutants, cold temperatures and exercise Signs and symptoms include difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, and a tight feeling in the chest Treatment include avoidance of allergens, steroid inhalers, bronchodilators and stopping smoking 22 Common Respiratory Conditions (cont.) Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi Bronchitis May be caused by viruses, gastroesophageal reflux, exposure to cigarette smoke, pollutants and fumes Signs and symptoms includes chills, fever, difficulty breathing, coughing up yellowgray or green mucus, chest tightness, wheezing and difficulty breathing Treatment with rest, fluids, cough medicines, humidifiers, inhalers and antibiotics for smokers 23 Common Respiratory Conditions (cont.) Disease Causes Signs & Symptoms Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cigarette smoke and air pollution Emphysema Cigarette smoke, Chronic cough, pollutants, dust weight loss, fatigue, shortness of breath Fatigue, difficulty breathing & frequent coughing Treatments Lifestyle changes, inhalers, stop smoking Stop smoking, vaccinations, antibiotics, oxygen, bronchodilators 24 Common Respiratory Conditions (cont.) Disease Causes Signs and Symptoms Treatment Influenza (Flu) Numerous viruses Runny nose, sore Bed rest, fluids, throat, sneezing, antiviral fever, chills, medications diarrhea, loss of appetite Laryngitis Viruses, bacteria, excessive talking, allergies, smoking, frequent use of alcohol Hoarse voice, sore throat, dry cough and throat Antibiotics, avoidance of cigarettes and alcohol 25 Common Respiratory Conditions (cont.) Disease Causes Signs and Symptoms Treatment Legionnaire’s Disease Bacteria that grows Fever, fatigue, in air conditioning difficulty systems breathing, chest pain, headache Antibiotics, respiratory therapy and supportive therapy Lung Cancer Smoking, exposure to radon, asbestos and industrial carcinogens Depends on type of cancer and stage but chemotherapy and radiation are common treatments 26 Cough, hemoptysis, difficulty breathing, weight loss, chronic hoarseness, wheezing Common Respiratory Conditions (cont.) Disease Causes Signs and Symptoms Treatment Pleuritis Viruses, pneumonia, autoimmune diseases such as lupus, chest trauma Fever or chills, dry cough, shortness of breath, chest pain during breathing Pain medications, antibiotics, anti inflammatory drugs, removal of fluid around the lungs Pneumonia Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, foreign matter entering the lungs Fever or chills, headache, fatigue, coughing up rust colored, green or yellow mucus Rest, fluids, antibiotics, over thecounter pain medications 27 Common Respiratory Conditions (cont.) Disease Causes Signs and Symptoms Treatment Pneumothorax Chest trauma, and unknown causes Tightness in the chest, sharp chest pain, rapid heart rate, shortness of breath Chest tube, surgery Pulmonary Edema Congestive heart failure, heart attack, cardiomyopathy, heart valve disorders, lung infections, chest injuries and many others Shortness of breath, wheezing, weight gain, pink mucus, pale skin, sweating Oxygen therapy, diuretics, morphine 28 Common Respiratory Conditions (cont.) Disease Causes Signs and Symptoms Treatment Pulmonary Embolism Heart attacks, fractured hips, cancer, long periods of inactivity Fainting, sudden shortness of breath, hemoptysis, wheezing, tachycardia, chest pain Support stockings, clot dissolving medications, anti coagulants, surgical filter insertion Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Viruses Fever, chills, headache, dry cough, muscle aches Rest, antiviral medications 29 Common Respiratory Conditions (cont.) Diseases Causes Signs and Symptoms Treatment Sinusitis Bacteria, blockage Fever, cough, Nasal decongestants, of sinus openings sore throat, nasal steroid sprays, facial pain, nasal antibiotics decongestion Tuberculosis Bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cough lasting >3 TB testing, Drug weeks, fever or therapy chills, weight loss, night sweats, pain when breathing 30 Common Respiratory Conditions (cont.) Sudden infant death syndrome has no specific signs or symptoms and no known causes Risk Factors • More common in male infants • Babies between the ages of 2 weeks and 6 months are most susceptible • Premature or low birth weight babies are at risk • Babies with a sibling that died of SIDS • African American and Native American babies are at highest risk • Babies who were prenatally exposed to cocaine, heroine, or nicotine • Babies who sleep on their stomachs are three times more likely to die from SIDS 31 Apply Your Knowledge Which of the following diseases must all health care workers be screened for annually? a. Pneumonia b. Tuberculosis c Legionnaire’s disease 32 Apply Your Knowledge Answer Which of the following diseases must all health care workers be screened for annually? a. Pneumonia b. Tuberculosis c Legionnaire’s disease 33 End of Chapter 34 ... 30 4 List the structures contained within the lungs 30 5 Describe the coverings of the lungs and chest cavity 30 6 Describe the events that lead to the inspiration and expiration of air 30 7 Explain how the brain controls breathing and how normal ... Objectives 30 1 Explain the functions of the respiratory system 30 2 Explain the difference between internal and external respiration. 30 3 Describe how the larynx produces voice sounds 30 4 List the structures contained within the lungs... Objectives (cont.) 30 8 List and explain various respiratory volumes and tell how they are used to diagnose respiratory problems 30 9 Describe how oxygen is transported from the lungs to body cells 30 10 Describe how carbon dioxide is transported from body cells