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Chapter 9 - Systems development and project management: Corporate responsibility. Learning objectives of this chapter include: Describe the seven phases of the systems development life cycle, summarize the different software development methodologies, explain project management and identify the primary reasons projects fail, identify the primary project planning diagrams, identify the three different types of outsourcing along with their benefits and challenges.
CHAPTER NINE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT Corporate Responsibility © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part CHAPTER OVERVIEW SECTION 9.1 – Developing Enterprise Applications • • • • • Developing Software The Systems Development Life Cycle Traditional Software Development Methodology: Waterfall Agile Software Development Methodologies Developing Successful Software SECTION 9.2 – Project Management • • • • • Managing Software Development Projects Choosing Strategic Projects Understanding Project Planning Managing Projects Outsourcing Projects SECTION 9.1 Developing Enterprise Applications © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part LEARNING OUTCOMES Describe the seven phases of the systems development life cycle Summarize the different software development methodologies DEVELOPING SOFTWARE Software that is built correctly can transform as the organization and its business transforms Software that effectively meets employee needs will help an organization become more productive and enhance decision making Software that does not meet employee needs may have a damaging effect on productivity and can even cause a business to fail DEVELOPING SOFTWARE As organizations’ reliance on software grows, so the business-related consequences of software successes and failures including: • Increase or decrease revenue • Repair or damage to brand reputation • Prevent or incur liabilities • Increase or decrease productivity THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) Systems development life cycle (SDLC) – The overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) Planning phase – Establishes a high-level plan of the intended project and determines project goals Analysis phase – Involves analyzing enduser business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) Design phase – Establishes descriptions of the desired features and operations of the system including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code, and other documentation Development phase – Involves taking all of the detailed design documents from the design phase and transforming them into the actual system 10 THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) Testing phase – Involves bringing all the project pieces together into a special testing environment to eliminate errors and bugs, and verify that the system meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis phase Implementation phase – Involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with it 39 UNDERSTANDING PROJECT PLANNING SMART criteria are useful reminders on how to ensure that the project has created understandable and measurable objectives 40 UNDERSTANDING PROJECT PLANNING Project plan – A formal, approved document that manages and controls project execution A well-defined project plan should be • Easy to understand and read • Communicated to all key participants • Appropriate to the project’s size, complexity, and criticality • Prepared by the team, rather than by the individual project manager 41 UNDERSTANDING PROJECT PLANNING Two primary diagrams used in project planning include PERT and Gantt charts • PERT chart Dependency Critical path • Gantt chart 42 UNDERSTANDING PROJECT PLANNING PERT Chart EXPERT – PERT Chart Example 43 UNDERSTANDING PROJECT PLANNING MS Project – Gantt Chart Example 44 MANAGING PROJECTS Managing a project includes • Identifying requirements • Establishing clear and achievable objectives • Balancing the competing demands of quality, scope, time, and cost • Adapting the specifications, plans, and approach to the different concerns and expectations of the various stakeholders 45 MANAGING PROJECTS A project manager must focus on managing three primary areas to ensure success People Communications Change 46 OUTSOURCING PROJECTS In-sourcing (in-housedevelopment) –Uses the professional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain its information technology systems Outsourcing – An arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that chooses not to perform them in-house 47 OUTSOURCING PROJECTS Factors driving outsourcing growth include • • • • Core competencies Financial savings Rapid growth The Internet and globalization 48 OUTSOURCING PROJECTS Onshore outsourcing Nearshore outsourcing Offshore outsourcing 49 OUTSOURCING PROJECTS Big selling point for offshore outsourcing “inexpensive good work” 50 OUTSOURCING PROJECTS Most organizations outsource their noncore business functions, such as payroll and IT 51 Outsourcing Benefits Outsourcing benefits include • Increased quality and efficiency of business processes • Reduced operating expenses for head count and exposure to risk for large capital investments • Access to outsourcing service provider’s expertise, economies of scale, best practices, and advanced technologies • Increased flexibility for faster response to market changes and less time to market for new products or services 52 Outsourcing Challenges Outsourcing challenges include • Length of contract Difficulties in getting out of a contract Problems in foreseeing future needs Problems in reforming an internal IT department after the contract is finished • Threat to competitive advantage • Loss of confidentiality 53 LEARNING OUTCOME REVIEW Now that you have finished the chapter please review the learning outcomes in your text ... Increase or decrease productivity THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) Systems development life cycle (SDLC) – The overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis... damaging effect on productivity and can even cause a business to fail DEVELOPING SOFTWARE As organizations’ reliance on software grows, so the business- related consequences of software successes and...2 CHAPTER OVERVIEW SECTION 9. 1 – Developing Enterprise Applications • • • • • Developing Software The Systems Development Life Cycle Traditional Software