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Research objectives: Analyzing and interpreting to clarify fundamental issues of public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos; assessing the status, identifying the cause and drawing some experience in conducting of public communication of local army in northwestern provinces; determining the direction and requirements and proposing measures to enhance the public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces during current period.
1 INTRODUCTION 1. Overview of the thesis Thesis’s theme: "The public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) during current period" is a matter to be cherished, concerned and devoted during many years studying and working in schools and units The research of this thesis is based on the theoretical system of Marxism Leninism and Ho Chi Minh’s ideology, Kaysone Phomvihane’s point of view as well as the view of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) on public communication Public comunication conducted by the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos aims to build, consolidate the political foundation for the army’s forces, create synergy to protect the territorial integrity, independence and sovereignty of the fatherland, motherland as well as contribute to building strong unit on politics, ideology, organization, complete all assigned tasks. During the process of the thesis, the author has to acquire, inherit selectively the research results of the related scientific work The thesis focus on interpretation of the fundamental problems of Public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos; assessment of the reality, drawing some experiences of public communication; identification of requirements and proposing measures to enhance the Public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos during current period The structure of the thesis includes: introduction, overview, 3 chapters (6 articles), conclusions and list of references and appendices. This is an independent scientific work that is new and not duplicate with any scientific work, or dissertation, thesis has been tested and publicized 2. Reasons for choosing thesis’s theme Public communication is an activity which aims to propagandize, mobilize, gather and promote the strength of the people's solidarity towards successful implementation of the guidelines and the policy of the Party and the laws of the State The substance of the public communication is the Party’s propagation of revolutionary. Therefore, public communication positioned particularly important role in the revolutionary cause of the Party In any revolutionary period, LPRP always appreciates and focuses on public communication, considers it as a regular and strategic task of the revolution; contribute into ensuring great victories in the cause of construction and national protection Lao People's Army organized and leaded by LPRP is a powerful tool of violence, the loyal and trusted political forces of the Party, State and people whose functions and tasks is ready to combat; to participate into labor force; to conduct public communication and to build a strong political base Implementation of public communication is a basic function, an important political task, and a strategic issue of the Lao People's Army (LPA) in every revolutionary period The northwestern provinces of Laos are regions with an important strategic position on economy, politics, culture, society, defense and security of the country. There are many tribes coexist together, have a tradition of kindness, diligence, hard work, solidarity and mutual assistance in the revolutionary periods, which contributes greatly into the cause of national liberation. In general, Lao ethnics in the northwest provinces have patriotic spirit, enthusiastically carry out the Party's guidelines and policies, the laws of the State and contribute into the renovation, construction and national protection under the road to socialism. However, due to the geographical conditions of the northwest provinces of Laos, besides favorable condition, there are many challenges especially the plot tricks, hostile activities against the revolution to agitate, entice some free people to arbitrarily act unlawful, protest against the government, split the block of national unity. So, to persuade the people to understand, believe, follow and actively implement the Party's guidelines and policies, the law of the State, to successfully implement the two strategic tasks of revolution has been raised both regularly and urgently than ever Local army in northwestern provinces of Laos is part of the Lao People's Army, was assigned the task of firmly defending the strategic areas of the country Over the years, Local army in northwestern provinces of Laos has gained great achievements in many aspects, including public communiction: positively propagandizing, advocacing, helping and protecting people, actively participating in the construction, strengthening the organizational system and political background in local society, contributing into economic development, improving people's lives, strengthening national defence and security in local units However, besides those achievements, public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos also revealed the limitations and shortcomings. Awareness of soliders about the position, meaning and importance of public communication is incomplete. Capacity of some units to undertake public communication is limited. They are embarrassing to determine goals, directions, content, form and poor method to conduct, lack of flexibility, the efficiency is not high; advising synergistic combination loose So, digging deep into study of public communication of local army nowadays becomes urgent requirement, directly contributes into building strong local areas and facilitating construction of strong, comprehensive local army in northwestern provinces. This is why I choosed the issue: "The public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos during current period" as the subject of research in this thesis 3. The purpose and mission of the thesis * Purpose: Interpreting to clarify the theoretical and practical issues, to propose solutions in order to strengthen public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos during current period * Task of the thesis: Analyzing and interpreting to clarify fundamental issues of public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos Assessing the status, identifying the cause and drawing some experience in conducting of public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos Determining the direction and requirements and proposing measures to enhance the public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces during current period 4. Objects and scope of the thesis * Subjects of study: Public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos * Scope of the study: Public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos during current period. Scope of survey: Focal point of survey Public communication of local army in the area of 5 provinces: Luang Nam Tha, Oudômxal, Luang PraBang, Xalnabouli and Bokèo, with the figures and data provided for the research mainly from 2010 until now 5. Rationale, practice and research methods * Rationale: The thesis is done on a theoretical basis of Marxism Leninism and Ho Chi Minh’s ideology and President Kaysone Phomvihane’s opinion; the view of the LPRP on public communication; directions and guidelines about public communications of the Ministry of Defense and the General Political Department of the Lao People's Army * Practical basis: All operations to perform political duties of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos, including public communication; comments, reviews, reports of the authorities of the superiors and the political rooms Military Command of northwestern provinces that was announced; the statistics, author’s survey results of public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos in recent years * Methodology: Based on the methodology of Marxism Leninism, the thesis use method of scientific research and interdisciplinary majors, focusing methods: logic history; analysis, synthesis, statistics, comparation, sociological surveys and expert approach, and focusing especially on fieldwork survey methodology, practical summaries 6. New contributions of the thesis Clarifying of concepts, characteristics and principle problems of public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos Drawing some experiences to conduct public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos Proposing some contents, measures to implement public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos in current period 7. Theoretical and practical meaning of the thesis The result of the thesis provides further scientific basis to help committees, local government, the commanders of the units, the staff and the authorities in northwestern provinces of Laos to refer and apply in performing their tasks of public communication The results of the thesis can be used as a reference in research, teaching and learning in the academy, military school 8. Structure of the thesis Structure of the thesis includes: introduction, overview of research issues, chapters (6 articles), conclusions, the scientific work of the related authors to this dissertation has been published, the list of references and appendices OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH TOPICS RELATED TO WORK OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION OF LOCAL ARMY IN NORTHWESTERN PROVINCES, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF LAOS DURING CURENT PERIOD 1. The research related to the thesis 1.1. The situation of research related to the thesis in Laos 1.1.1. Some reference books related to the thesis Politburo, the Central Propaganda Committee (2004), "Summary of the people’s war led by the Party (19451975)", National Publishing House, Vientiane; the Party’s Central Propaganda Committee (2002), "Read carefully, for all, understood properly, organize to make it real and and effective", Publisher Xa phan ThongCanPhim; National institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Institute of tribes religion research (2009), "Understanding the tribes in Laos", National Publishing House; President Kaysone Phomvihane (1974) "Building a solid foundation to put the country firmly on the path to socialist'', National Publishing House; Government Office (2008), "Steering Committee of program for rural development, alleviation poverty reduction (20062010)", National Publishing House; Local Department, the Army General Staff Department of Laos (2006) "professional training, building people's war posture". Military Publishing House 1.1.2. Some scientific works in Laos related to the thesis Chanthideunsavan, "The public communication of the Party in the period of struggles for political authorities and have the backing of the armed", Journal of Party Building, No. 2, 2010; Khan Phan Phom Ma That "Construction of the political establishments tied to the construction and the development of clusters of villages in Se Koong", Journal of Party Building, No. 8, 2010; Mo Muong Khong "The public communication of Xa La Van Provincial associated with building, strengthening and consolidating the Party’s organization system clean and strongly", Journal of Party Building, No. 8, 2010; Som Phon Su Van Na "The mobilization of the public in the construction and consolidation of political stability factor that guarantee the stability of the country", Journal of national defense, No 4, 2013; Suban Hunna Champa "The propaganda of the Lao People's Army in building a strong local units, ensuring the overall stability of the country", Jounal of national defence, No 4, 2014 1.1.3. Some thesises, dissertations in Laos related to this thesis Sisom Xayphon Supha (2006), "The public communication of the army in Savanakhet in the current period", Masters thesis in political science, Military Political Academy (Vietnam); Vannavong Sulseng Alun (2003), "Promoting the role of military staff to participate in building the political establishments in middle of Laos in the current period", Masters thesis, Military Political Academy (Vietnam); Vilavutpakit (2009), "Promoting the role of Government in management of building the political establishments in Vientiane in the new conditions'', Master thesis in political science, National Academy of Politics and Administration, Vientiane; Phonthoong Phanchalonphon (2011), "Research on the construction and operation of the local army in defensive areas of provinces in Northern Laos", The doctoral thesis of military science, the National Defense Academy (Vietnam); Somvay NanhXayKhun (2012), "The public communication of provincial organizations of the Partyin the Southern army of Laos", doctoral thesis in political science, National Academy of Politics and Administration Ho Chi Minh 1.2. The research in Vietnam related to the thesis 1.2.1. Books and scientific projects in Vietnam related to the thesis Vietnam People's Army, General Political Department (1996), "Innovation in public communication of Vietnam People's Army in the new situation", People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi. “Draft history of public communication of Communist Party of Vietnam (1930 1996)” Central Committee on Public Communication (1999), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi Ministeriallevel scientific project "Military participates into building the local political system in the ethnic and religious areas in Tay Nguyen in new conditions" writen by Brigadier General Le Ngoc Sanh, the Army Academy. Dr. Dam Van Tho and Dr. Vu Hung wrote the book "The relationship between the Party and people in Ho Chi Minh’s ideology", National Political Publishing House published in 1997. The book "Military’s participation into building political and social foundation in economic defense areas" by the Institute of Military Sciences of Society and Humanities, including many articles directly referring to the situation of the political and social construction in economic – defense zones in Tay Nguyen, 1.2.2. Some scientific articles in Vietnam related to the thesis General Phung Quang Thanh (2007), "Some issues of public communication of Vietnam People's Army" was published in Journal of Public communication, No. 12, page. 2 5, 16. Mr. Nong Duc Manh (2008), "The public communication must be a strategic task in Party building, government building, strengthening and building the National Front and People organizations", Journal of Public communication, No. 3, page. 2 6. Tran Duc Luong (2002), "Public communication actively contributes into strengthening and sustaining the strong and intimate relationships between the Party, Government and the people", Journal of Public communication No. 11, page 57 Dr Nguyen Van Bao (2012), "Coordinating the impletation of public communication in the field of defense security in Binh Thuan Province", Journal of Political and Military Education No 5, page. 41 43. Lieutenant Colonel. Nguyen Van Bien (2012) "local army in border areas of North West Province has well done the public mobilization and building political establishment, which contribute into preventing disruption, violent overthrow of goverment", Journal of Political and Military Education No.5, page.51 54 1.2.3. Some of thesises, dissertations in Vietnam related to this topic Vu Dinh Tan (2001) "Renewal of the public communication of the Vietnam People's Army in the current period according to Ho Chi Minh’s ideology", doctoral thesis on Party building, Military and Political Academy; Nguyen Ngoc Chau (2010), "The public communication of the military units in the area of religious inhabitants in the South East areas in the current period”, doctoral thesis on Party building, Military and Political Academy “The mobilization of Catholics people to built a strong local unit conducted by the Ninh Binh’s army in the current period” Pham Anh Linh, Masters thesis on Party Building, Military and Political Academy, 2008; “The mobilization of ethnic Khmer conducted by B30 Unit Military Zone 9 in the current period” Masters thesis on Party Building, Military and Political Academy, 2005; “The mobilization of people to participate in managing the border, the landmark conducted by the Border Guard in the northern border provinces in the current period” Bui Duy Loi, Masters thesis on Party building, Military and Political Academy , 2004; “The mobilization of people to struggle to prevent and combat illegal missionaries in the border areas conducted by border posts in the northwest provinces in the current period” Vu Manh Luong, Master thesis on Party construction, Political and Academy Military, 2004 Overview of the research results of the projects were announced and the basics issues that were focused to resolve 2.1. The outline of some major findings of the studies related to the thesis Firstly, based on the evaluation in the approach under the different views around the issues of feature, position, importance, value and the great achievements of public communication in each Party's revolutionary period Secondly, the author has confirmed the need to build, to promote the role of the army in the national defense; and military plays a very important role in conducting public communication, actively and effectively participating in the propaganda, mobilization people to join the revolutionary movement, increasing economic production, strengthening national defense security, maintaining political and social security which is a fundamental, regular and urgent responsibility today Thirdly, the authors deeply studied, surveyed, assessed the situation of public communication in the military through specific objects, which defined the contents of the tasks, requirements and methods that the army used to conduct public communication. They also proposed orientations, practical and suitable solutions to improve the quality of public communication to successfully implement the course of innovation, industrialization and modernization is an objective requirements Fourthly, the authors asserted that the Party’s work and Politic work in the armed forces, the army and in the missions of the military units plays an important role, are the soul, a lifeline of the Army. Therefore, conducting activities of party and politics in each agency or military unit, in every task, including public communication mission whic is a basic operation, the principle to operate and develop each unit as well as the whole army Fifthly, when discussing about the rule to conduct public communication, the authors have consistently affirmed: The local armed forces involved to conduct public communication under the leadership and execution of committees, local government and the direction of the direct superiors of each force 2.2. The basic issues that the thesis will be focus to resolve Firstly, researching, fully recognizing, then, based on that basis to interpretate fundamently and systematically theoretical issues about public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos, LPDR Secondly, conducting fieldwork surveys; comprehensively and specifically evaluating the situation; drawing some experience in conducting public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos, LPDR Thirdly, analyzing the impact factors, determining requirements and recommendeding system of feasible synchronization solution to increase public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos, LPDR in the current period 10 Chapter 1 FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES OF THEORY OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION OF LOCAL ARMY IN THE NORTH WEST PROVINCES OF LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 1.1. The North West provinces and the local army in the northwest provinces, Lao People's Democratic Republic 1.1.1. Northwest Provinces in Lao People's Democratic Republic Provinces in Lao northwestern region has contiguous borders with countries such as: Thailand in the west, Myanmar in the Northwest, China and Vietnam in the north, Vientiane Province in the south. The northwestern provinces of LPDR include: Luang Nam Tha, U Dom Xay, Luang Pra Bang, Xalnabouli and Bokèo The northwestern provinces of LPDR is strategic areas, revolutionary bases, important rear of national liberation as well as in course of building and protecting the country today The northwestern provinces of Laos is distributed into provinces, including 39 districts with 128,740 square metter, accounting for 39.46% of the country area of Laos, with a population of 2,569,100 people, accounting for 23.19% of the national population (according to 2010 statistics), is place with so many resources, especially minerals, forest products and hydro power resources Each province has many different tribes living together, often focused mainly on plain and urban area. Each tribe has the their own characteristics of customs and practices. Their economic life is still in many difficulty ; culture and society are underdeveloped with many backward practices ; political awareness is still limited They are mostly ethnic minorities in the remote northwestern areas in Laos. Enemies are focusing on this characteristics, to organize propaganda, enticement, seducement their followers against the revolution. But in overall, the nature of the tribal people in northwest Laos is upright, honest and trusted in the Party and State 1.1.2. The local army in the northwest provinces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic * The functions, tasks and organizational staff of the local army in the northwest provinces of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos 12 * Features of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos Firstly, most of the staff, officers are party members, experienced leadership, command and management in the work of the agencies and units the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos. Secondly, the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos operates in a large geographical areas where are mainly mountainous, remote areas with many difficulties and complicatedness and the region borderd some countries with different political systems. Thirdly, the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos remains difficulties of weapons, technical equipment and facilities. Fourthly, the task of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos is very heavy and complex since they must both operate independently and combinate with other forces 1.2. The basics of public communication’s work of the local army in the northwest provinces of Lao People's Democratic Republic 1.2.1. The perception of the public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Lao People's Democratic Republic * The concept of the public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of LPDR The public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of LPDR is part of the public communication of People's Army of Laos, including general operations, measures on politics, ideology and management, conducted by officers and soldiers to propagandize and mobilize people perform the Party's guidelines and policies, State’s laws, programs and development plans of local units, to strenthen the intimate relationship between the army and the people; under the leadership of party committees, the executive of officer in charge of the unit; simultaneously, when conducted in any locality, they must obey the leadership and executive of committees, local authorities there The purpose of public communication: To contribute into propagadizing and mobilizing people to implement well the guidelines and policies of the Party, State's laws and guidelines, policies and development plans of local units; maintaining and strengthening intimate tie between the army and people, building the great national unity, maitaining political stability, social order and safety in the northwest provinces, contributing firmly safeguard independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country Subject, forces in charge of implementation: 13 Subject in charge of leadership, direction: Committee level, Party’s organizations, officials in charge of the agencies, units of local army; simultaneously when conducting public communication in one local unit they must obey the leadership and executive of committees, local authorities there Forces in charge of implementation: All agencies, organizations, forces and all officials and soldiers in the agencies and units of local army in the northwest provinces; agencies, first of all, government agencies and political staff advise and assist the executive committee and the officials in charged in respect of the leadership, direction and implementation Impacted objects: All the political social organizations, entire people of tribes in the northwest provinces of Laos, in which the religious leaders, church members, village elders and chiefs, and ethnic minorities are focused Contents of public communication: Firstly, propagandizing, mobilizing people to strictly abide the Party's guidelines and policies, State’s laws, including policies on religion and ethnicity; Secondly, helping people to develop the economy – society in the provinces; Thirdly, propagandizing, mobilizing people to build solid defense sector, to build safe localities; Fourthly, building a comprehensively strong localities; Fifthly, through public communication to build and train militia forces, reserve The forms and methods to conduct Public communication: Firstly, twinning activities Secondly, marching picnic as a work of public communication Thirdly, sending working teams. Fourthly, sending additive staff to localities Fifthly, coordinating with other forces to mobilize and assist people in sedentary farming and settlement Sixthly, the link with the localities to organize production, sales, to participate in alleviation programs and poverty reduction. Seventhly, conducting the program of combination of civil and military healthcare Eighthly, participating in the rescue operation, rescue, disaster, disease 1.2.2. Role of public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos Firstly, public communication contributes to successfully implement guidelines and policies of the Party and State, to consolidate unity block and to strengthen national solidarity between 14 army and people. Secondly, public communication contributes to the development of economic, culture, society, poverty alleviation, improvement of people's lives, especially in key areas. Thirdly, contributing into strengthening military capabilities, consolidating the national defense and security posture in the locality. Fourthly, contributing into enhancing military capabilities, consolidating the national defense and security, struggling to frustrate any conspiracy, sabotage tricks of the enemy forces 1.2.3 Features of public communication’s activities of the local army in the northwest provinces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic Firstly, public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos is conducted in diverse conditions and complex locality, organizations and forces Secondly, public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos is conducted in conjunction with public communication of many forces in the province. Thirdly, public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos is conducted in conditions of underdeveloped economy, social life with many difficulties. Fourthly, public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos has been conducted on a regular basis and certain medium batch 1.2.4 The principal issues in conducting public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic Firstly, public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos must be put under the leadership and executive of committees, officials in charge of the agencies, units of local army, simultaneously when conducting public communication in one local unit they must obey the leadership and executive of committees, local authorities there. Secondly, public communication of local army in northwestern provinces of Laos must come from the task of the units, and is close to the situation of all aspects in the northwestern province of Laos. Thirdly, public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos has coherence and direction in implementing the goals of development of economy, society, defense and security in the localities. Fourthly, conducting public communication, local army in northwestern provinces of Laos just needs to respect the customs, traditions, religious freedoms of 15 ethnic minorities, timely struggle against the destruction of the enemies and evil. Fifthly, when conducting public communication, local army in northwestern provinces of Laos has to closely cooprate with the organizations, the forces stationed in the province and duty Conclusion of Chapter 1 The northwestern provinces of Laos are important strategic areas in respect of economy society, national defence, security of Laos. On the other hand, the area is mountainous, border, deeplying, remote and ethnic minority areas, slowly developed economy society, people's lives with difficulties, there are many traditional backward customs, even low literacy levels, the hostile forces regularly sabotage the political security and social order and safety faces complex movements Therefore, propagandizing, mobilizing the people in the in the northwest provinces of Laos is significant and urgent issue today Military public communication is an important part of the Party’s public communicationd; is the political task of local army. Proceeding public communication is the responsibility of every organization, force in the political system, in which the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos plays a crucial role Public communication of local army not only contributes to consolidate and strengthen the unite between military – people and build comprehensively strong unit, fulfill their assigned tasks, but also pays an important contribution into national solidarity block, creating synergy power for economic and society development, maintain national defense, security in the area, building the northwest provinces increasingly prosperous and civilized The local army in the northwest provinces of Laos must well know all characteristics of the northwest provinces in all aspects; mastering the problems of principles of public communication’s implementation. At the same time, identifying and correcting conception of subject, object, content, form of public communication. Since then, it used as a basis for assessing the true state, drawing experience, identifying requirements and proposing real solutions to strengthen of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos in the current period 16 Chapter 2 REALITY AND SOME EXPERIENCE IN PUBLIC COMMUNICATION OF THE LOCAL ARMY IN THE NORTH WEST PROVINCES OF THE LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC 2.1. Situation of public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic 2.1.1. The advantages and results of public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic Firstly, the majority of organizations, forces and personnel, soldiers has thoroughly and strictly abide the views and policies of the Party on public communication Secondly, the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos has actively implemented the content, used flexible forms, methods of public communication Thirdly, actively contributing to political stability, development of politics, culture, society and strengthening national defense and security in the locality Fourthly, has done a good job of advising the executive committee, in collaboration with governments and organizations, forces in localities in conducting public communication 2.1.2. These limitations, cons Firstly, some officers and soldiers have not received properly and full significance and importance of public communication of local army recently Secondly, quality and efficiency of public communication is not high, not yet value for the time, effort, force, investing money Thirdly, content, forms, methods of public communication in local units are slow to innovate, not realistic and not deep enough 2.2 Reasons and some working experiences in public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic 2.2.1. Reasons of advantages Firstly, the public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos was conducted in the time that the country is changing, obtained many great and comprehensive achievements of economy, politics, culture and social development, national defense and security constantly strengthened; People's lives 17 are increasingly enhanced Secondly, committees, party organizations, officials and soldiers regularly view the Party and State’s points and policies and more increasingly concerned about public communication. Thirdly, leadership, education and training to enhance the quality and capacity of officials, soldiers increasingly become routine and better quality Fourthly, officials and soldiers directly conducted public communication well defined responsibility, had high efforts, which are fundamental causes, significant direct decisions on quality, efficiency of public communication 2.2.2. Reasons of limitations, cons Firstly, the economic – social situation are slowly developing, social life of people generally faces many difficulties Secondly, a number of party committees, unit commanders are not really respected leadership, steering of public communication in the new situation Thirdly, the education officers and soldiers on officials is missing, defected, responsibility of conducting public communication in a number of officers and soldiers are not high Fourthly, the development, improvement of the quality of the task force also has limitations, significantly affected the outcome of public communication 2.2.3. Some working experience in public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic Firstly, respecting and implementing the education to raise awareness and responsibility of officials, Party’s members and soldiers on public communication. Secondly, often fostering quality, capacity of public communication for officials, soldiers and the direct working teams of public communication Thirdly, regularly renewing, improving the quality, effectiveness of public communication. Fourthly, to actively participate in helping people to develop ecomy and society, strengthen national defense, maintain political security, social order and safety Fifthly, to enhance the work of inspection, reviewing and drawing experience in public communication Sixthly, promoting the role of the village’s leaders and religious leaders who have a reputation in the population to conduct public communication Conclusion of Chapter 2 In general view, the units of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos are better aware and had flexible and creative 18 application of the forms and measures to conduct public communication Public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos has directly contributed to maintain political stability, economic, cultural and social development, consolidate national defense, security and order and security in the area; intimate relationship between the Party and the people, strengthening relationships between the army and people in the northwestern tribes of Laos, advising, assisting committees, local authorities, political social organizations and people, contributing to defeat any conspiracy, sabotage tricks of the enemy forces to divide national unity, civil military relations However public communication of the units of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos also has many limitations, shortcomings, still modest effectiveness which is not commensurate with the potential, strength and effort spent These results, limitations, lessons learned should be studied to apply to the determination of requirements and solutions to enhance the unit's public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos in the coming years 19 Chapter 3 DIRECTION, REQUIREMENTS AND SOLUTIONS ON STRENGTHENING PUBLIC COMMUNICATION OF THE LOCAL ARMY IN THE NORTH WEST PROVINCES OF THE LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC DURING CURRENT PERIOD 3.1. The impact factors, directions and requirements to enhance public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos during current period 3.1.1 These factors impact on strengthening the public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos during current period Firstly, the changes of the worldwide and regional situation impacted the public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos Secondly, the national situation and situation of the northwest provinces of Laos and plot, tricks of hostile forces frequently impact on the quality, efficiency of public communication. Thirdly, the development of national defense tasks in the new situation posed high demands on function and tasks of the Army and the units 3.1.2 Orientation, requirements to strengthen public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos during current period * Orientation to enhance public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of LPDR during current period The basic direction to strengthen public communication is identified as: "Continuing to thoroughly understand the views, guidelines and policies of the Party and the State on public communication, promoting military tradition of the revolutionary system, focusing efforts to implement well contents, applying flexiblely forms and methods to cheive quality, practical efficiency, contributing into building the strong northwest provinces, creating motivation to boost the development and keep sustainability of politics, economy, society, defense and security, constantly improve and enrich the lives of ethnic minority people to make political foundation, a solid society, building robust army in the northwest provinces of Laos on politics, ideology and organization, combat power enhanced, successfully completed all assigned tasks. " 20 * Requirements to strengthen public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos during current period Firstly, thoroughly remind views, guidelines and policies of the Party and the State on public communication; purposes, tasks, guiding ideology of the army on public communication in the new situation Secondly, content, form, measures to conduct public communication must conform, close to the object, constantly ensure good infrastructure, facilities, funding for activities of public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos. Thirdly, to build a comprehensively strong political units, acting as the base for the comprehensive development of politics, economy, culture, society, defense and security. Fourthly, strengthening, increasing awareness of the revolutionary awakenness of tribal people of Laos Fifthly, to promote reviewing and drawing experience and forecasting, positively and proactively improve the effectiveness of quality improvement public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos 3.2. Solutions to enhance the public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos during current period 3.2.1 Raising awareness and responsibility of the organizations, the forces, all officials and soldiers of the local army in the northwest provinces of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos for the work of public communication * Raising awareness of the organizations, the forces, all officers and soldiers against public communication Firstly, committees, commanders, political agencies, officials and regular political leadership at all levels should closely direct political studies and research to raise awareness for the organizations, the forces, all officers and soldiers. Secondly, education for officers and soldiers of the guidelines and policies of the Party, the State, and the army on public communication. Thirdly, educating organizations, forces, officers and soldiers the guidelines and policies of the Party, State and local areas about social life and the current military mission Fourthly, raising awareness of education for organizations, forces, officers and soldiers about the position, importance, objectives, requirements, content and form of public communication 21 * Strengthening education aimed at making organizations, forces and all officers and soldiers clearly aware of their responsibilities towards public communication First of all, the committees, the party’s organizations in the units must uphold the responsibilities of mastering and thoroughly understanding the Party’s views, guideline on public communication. Political superior, based on the resolutions of committees, party’s organizations, the working plan of the unit and the commander well organizes the implementation Commanders must constantly thoroughly grasp resolutions of committees, party organizations to conduct public communication’s task Political bodies must constantly grasping and mastering guidelines and measures to lead the public communication’s activities The advisory agencies, logistics, engineering offices need to uphold the responsibility, assigning capable comrades to sucessfully conduct the preparation with hight quality of public communication 3.2.2. Innovating content, using flexible forms and methods to conduct public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos 3.2.2.1. Contents and innovative measures Firstly, innovating content of propagation, mobilization. Secondly, innovating content to participate in building a strong local base, to help people in production and daily life, to protect people in all circumstances Thirdly, innovating educational content, management of the executive team to discipline and strengthen relationship between the army and people 3.2.2.2. Flexiblely, innovatively applying forms and methods of communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of LPDR The forms and methods of public communication in the northwest provinces of Laos has been done in accordance with the form of Lao People’s army, including key forms: twinning; Picnic matching combined with public communication; working teams and additional officers in local bases Through forms of public communication above, dereived from the characteristics of the northwest provinces of Laos, specific political task has been identified with the following basic forms: Along with the basic form of of public communication above, local army of the northwest provinces of Laos also apply some other forms below: Collaborating with other forces to mobilize, assist people in sedentary farming in the border’s areas; links with local authorities in 22 the production, trading, participating program of alleviation and poverty reduction; implementing the program of military and civilian combined; participating in the rescue operation, rescue 3.2.3 Promoting the role of institutions and forces in conducting the public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of the People's Democratic Republic of Laos Firstly, to promote the role of party’s organizations, in leadership and direction go conduct public communication. Second one is to focus on building and strengthening capacity building, efficient operation of the system of agencies and public communication officers Thirdly, to promote the role of staff in conducting public communication’s command. Fourthly, to promote the role of political authority in conducting public communication. Fifthly, to promote the role of the people’s organizations in conducting public communication Sixthly, to promote the role of officers and soldiers in conducting public communication Seventhly, to promote the role of committees, local authorities in conducting CTDV 3.2.4. Strengthening to advise committees, local government and coordinate closely with related forces to condu * Strengthening to advise committees, the local goverments in the leadership and direction on public communication Firstly, in the process to conduct public communication in the local units, if any problem raised at the local units which directly impacts public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces should promptly report the situation, and actively advise and recommend to the executive committee, local government timely solutions Secondly, need to use rich forms, methods to advise and recommend to the executive committee, local government guidelines, methods of public communication * Coordinating with relevant forces to conduct public communication Firstly, supplementing and improving regulations to closely cooperate with organizations and forces in the province to ensure the practical and effective public communication Secondly, resolving harmoniously relations with local political and social institutions and friend’s units on the basis of mutual respect, regular contact 3.2.5 Increasing investment and efficient use of facilities, technical means for conducting of public communication 23 Firstly, the investment fund from supplies of superior, supplies from local and accumulation of units Secondly, utilizating material resources, local technicians to ensure implementation of public communication Thirdly, ensuring the facilities and means required for all activities of public communication Fourthly, increasing responsibility of officials at all levels in the use of funds, materials, ensuring the saving, efficiency and against waste 3.2.6. Strengthening inspection and reviewing and drawing the working experience of public communication * Strengthening the review, supervision and firm grasp of the practical operation of public communication Firstly, directing, guiding, inspecting institutions, forces. Secondly, the system for committees, authorities, departments, local associations, test content must focus on the implementation of policies and leadership measures of the local Party Committee; plans and programs of the People's Committees, People's Councils of public communication Thirdly, for the joint forces in the province participated in conducting public communication, contents of direction, guideline and inspection focused on the responsibility of these forces in implementing the Party’s guidelines and policies and the laws of the State about public communication * Reviewing, assessing , learning from experience in conducting public communication Firstly, synthesizin, analysizing and assessing the situation and result in practical activities of public communication Secondly, the contents of the preliminary and final review of the practical activities to keep clse to the content and form of public communication identified Thirdly, reviewing the practice, learning from experience and practically contributing into the study of these problems to develop the theory of public communication. Fourthly, promoting the role and responsibilities of the organization, the forces in the preliminary and final review, evaluation and learning from experience, and requirement to be conducted routine. Fifthly, organizing the preliminary and final review of public communication requires truly democratic and open Conclusion of Chapter 3 The public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos is affected diversely, complicatedly and in multi dimensional impact of worldwide and regional situation; conspiracy to destroy of the enemy forces; the situation of society – economy, 24 national defense, domestic security, especially the situation in all aspects of Laos Strengthening of public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos to meet the requirements: strictly require to follow guidelines and policies of the Party, State, objectives, tasks, guiding ideology must match with public communication; public communication must contribute into building a strong local base in the respect of economy, politics, culture, society, national defense and security; apply flexiblely, creatively the content, forms, methods, experience in conducting public communication, promoting preliminary and final review and drawing experience To enhance the public communication of the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos in current period should raise the awareness and responsibility of the organization, force; innovativing content, using flexible, creative forms and methods of public communication; promoting the role of the organizations and forces in conducting public communication; advising committees, local authorities to close coordination with forces to conduct public communication; investing and using efficiently facilities and means to conduct public communication; strengthening preliminary and final review and drawing experience of conducting public communication the local army in the northwest provinces of Laos 25 CONCLUSION 1. The northwestern provinces of Laos is an important strategic area of economy society, national defense and security of Laos. On the other hand, the area is mountainous, border, remote and ethnic minority areas with the slow development of economy society, people's living meet many difficulties, there are many traditions backward, even low literacy levels Besides, the hostile forces regularly sabotage political security, social order and safety of complex movements To implement public communication in the northwest provinces of Laos, entities and forces conducted public communication need to realize, firmly grasp objects, content, form and method for conducting public communication; simultaneously, to proactively follow characteristics, situation and tasks of local army and characteristics of public communication; on this basis, selecting the content, form, method to conduct public communication appropriately and effectively. In particular, they must strictly require and implement the principled issues of public communication in the northwest provinces of Laos Conducting public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos recent years, besides the basic advantages, there are still drawbacks and shortcomings to be overcome That situations stem from objective and subjective reasons Through practical implementaion of public communication in the northwest provinces of Laos, the authors initially draw some experiences as a basis for enhanced orientation of public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos in the future 4. Studying to master the impacts’s elements and requirements of public communication are important issues that directly contributed significantly to improve the efficiency of task performance of public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos. However, to enhance public communication in current period, it should continue to perform synchronization and unify the above solution 5. Currently, the implementation of public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos are meeting 26 difficulties, certain complex, but very urgent and important. The task of conducting public communication of local army in the northwest provinces of Laos has improvement, meanwhile, local army in each province (provincial and district) has its own advantages and difficulties and experience in conducting public communication not completely identical. Therefore, new research results is the first step as a basis to continue to examine, supplement and develope the specific content and the broad and complex issues public communication, in order to meet the requirements and tasks in the new situation of the Lao People's Army in general and local army in the northwest provinces of LPDR ... this area. Thirdly,? ?the? ?local? ?army? ?in? ?the? ?northwest? ?provinces? ?of? ?Laos plays in? ?developing all aspects of ? ?the? ?locality Fourthly, ? ?the ? ?local? ? army? ?in? ?the? ?northwest? ?provinces? ?of? ?Laos has a role? ?in? ?maintaining? ?the? ?... 1.2.? ?The? ?basics? ?of? ?public? ?communication? ??s work? ?of? ?the? ?local? ?army? ? in? ?the? ?northwest? ?provinces? ?of? ?Lao? ?People''s? ?Democratic? ?Republic? ? 1.2.1.? ?The? ?perception? ?of? ?the? ?public? ?communication? ?of? ?the local? ?army? ?in? ?the? ?northwest? ?provinces? ?of? ?Lao? ?People''s? ?Democratic. .. local? ?army? ?in? ?the? ?northwest? ?provinces? ?of? ?Lao? ?People''s? ?Democratic Republic? ? *? ?The? ?concept? ?of? ?the? ?public? ?communication? ?of? ?local? ?army? ?in? ?the northwest? ?provinces? ?of? ?LPDR The public communication of local army