SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO THANH HỐ PHỊNG GD & ĐT ĐÔNG SƠN EXPERIENCE INITIATIVE NAME OF THEME “PHONICS AND TEACHING PHONICS FOR STUDENTS IN GRADES 6,7” The implementation: Nguyễn Thị Lan Phƣơng Position : Teacher School : Dong Van secondary school Research area : English THANH HOÁ, NĂM 2017 A INTRODUCTION English is getting a lot of attention from people It is not a hobby for some gifted English but also necessities Foreign Language is a bridge for cooperation, development and exchange between countries together One important thing is that everyone wants to use English perfectly and fluently They can use it as their "mother tongue" However, to help students get what they want to be effective, English teachers need to use their method appropriate to each age level, use their knowledge to teach their students Beginning students of English often say that their top priorities are to know grammar well and to learn as many words and everyday phrases as possible Many students think that phonetics is a luxury that they can without It's a big mistake to underestimate the importance of pronunciation.If you want to communicate in English, you need to speak English Speaking to people is the only way to communicate Well, you can exchange written messages, of course.Or use gestures to show what you want to say But seriously, you need to know how to pronounce what you want to say How you say something is as important as what you say It means that it is necessary for you to acquire standard correct English pronunciation if you want to understand English speakers and want them to understand you The use of correct English pronunciation can the opposite understand what he said, and also understand the opposite easier and more accurate.The language skills are closely related to each other; skills to support other skills.Correct pronunciation,therefore, is not only good for oral skills, but also to understand better for listening However, the pronunciation is a difficult skill; without the guidance and regular exercise, positive, the progress will be virtually impossible Besides, there are so many different factors related to teaching, learning methods, the influence of the mother tongue or conditions interact with native English speakers also not much affect the progress of learners From the above reasons, I strongly research and write the experience initiative named "Phonics and teaching phonics for students in grade 6,7” I decided to choose this topic with the desire to help students learn English well and can communicate in English Language learners communicate not only corectly but also self confidently in lessons This is more excited than they are willing to learn in order to improve their English pronunciation B CONTENT I Rationale: Through a lot of research material, as well as a combination of theory and practice,we need to rely on the basis of the following reasoning: Faced with a problem of teaching and learning that I think to figure out a way to teach phonics, and the work that I have written to teach phonics method in a class Teaching phonics to help students create atmosphere language learning correct pronunciation of words in lessons.Much purpose of teaching phonics in a language class is not intended to make students capable pronounced similar to the native because it is not practical, unless the school has a special talent and highly motivated The goal is to teach phonics to help students gain an ability to pronounce correctly at a certain level to be able to communicate what they want to talk with other people Phonics is a teaching method used to help children learn to read Phonics breaks down words into individual sounds and syllables and shows children how each sound fits together to make up a word Children taught with phonics must learn the different vowel sounds, consonants and regular rules of English grammar Due to the learner's native language affects the pronunciation teaching English to people who need to have a certain understanding of the sound system of the learner’s mother tongue to first guess the difficulties and advantages of learner’s pronunciation Phonics helps your child learn to read and spell Without this ability, your child cannot be fully literate Words are like codes and phonics teaches children how to crack the reading code Phonics is therefore an important part of any reading development program.That is the reason Ministry of Education put on phonics lessons to Secondary English II Practical basis before applying theme: The organization of teaching English in secondary schools meets the needs of students in learning a foreign language elementary and accordants with the requirements of educational development On the other hand, learning English in secondary school will help students get a certain knowledge of English to be able to learn English better when they are at high school Pronounciation in the general case, particularly in scondary schools has long been a problem Many students encounter new words they not know how to pronounce Often teachers must International Phonetic form and read to students Some times the students forget how to pronounce it late In practically, teaching at my school, I notice that some of them have the ability to read and pronounce very well Besides, there are some children who have difficulty inpronunciation They are afraid of the wrong director, afraid of friend’s laugh, resultingly they are shy saying, less communicate and read the words As well as students mispronounce, this leads to make a marked accent and intonation wrong So to have methods of teaching reading - speaking pronunciation well, I have conducted a survey earlier this year to classify students The following table is the result of students in English in grade 6, at Dong Van scondary school at the middle test of the first term for 2015-2016 term: Result before applying the research in teaching Mark 9-10 Mark 7-8 Mark 5-6 Mark under Class students SL % SL % SL % SL % 6A 36 11.5 19.2 15 38.5 13 30.8 7B 34 4.1 12.5 15 41.7 15 41.7 Through this table shows the number of students pronouce the words weakly account for 37 percent III Solution and implementation: There are 44 sounds in the English language, which we put together to form words Some are represented by one letter, like 't', and some by two or more, like 'ck' in duck and 'air' in chair Children are taught the sounds first, then how to match them to letters, and finally how to use the letter sounds for reading and spelling Synthetic phonics refers to 'synthesising', or blending, the sounds to read words It's based on the idea that children should sound out unknown words and not rely on their context Now I specifically refer to each sound in English and use them to the lessons which are applied for students in grade 6, 1, Long vowel /i:/ Introduction: /i:/ is a long vowel sound Make your mouth wide, like a smile /i:/ Your tongue touches the sides of your teeth /i:/ It's pronounced /i:/ /i:/ Identify the vowels which are pronounce /i:/ (1) Groups : ea(-), ee, e-e, -e, ei(-),(-)ese, ie, i are pronouced /i:/ (1) In this page: “Identify the vowels which are pronounce /i:/” is referenced from References [7] In the unit – Grade 6: group ea(-) is pronouced /i:/ Eg : reading 2, Short vowel /I/ Introduction: /I/ is a short vowel sound Make your mouth a bit less wide than for /i:/(2) Your tongue is a bit further back in your mouth than for /i:/ It's pronounced /i/ /i/ Identify the vowels which are pronounced /i/ dentify the vowels which are pronounce /i/ - Groups: a, (-) ear, (-)eer,(-)ier(-), (-)ere,i(-),e, are pronouced /i/ In unit – Grade 6: group i(-) is pronouced /i:/ Eg: Ship 3, Short vowel /e/ Introduction: /e/ is a short and relaxed sound Open your mouth wide It's pronounced /e/ /e/ Identify : “e(-), (-)ead, (-)eath, (-)air,are” are pronouced /e/(3) In unit – Grade 7: group e is pronouced /e/ Eg: yes 4, Short vowel /æ/ (2) In this page: “The way to pronounce short vowel /i/” is referenced from References [6] (3) “Identify : “e(-), (-)ead, (-)eath, (-)air,are” are pronouced /e/” is referenced from References [4] Introduction: /æ/ is a short sound Open your mouth wide It's pronounced /æ/ /æ/(4) Identify the vowels which are pronounced /æ/ “a" is pronounced / æ / in the following cases: In one-syllable words that end in one or more consonants In unit 11 – Grade 6, “a” is pronouced /æ/ Eg: That 5, Short vowel /ʌ/ Introduction: Open your mouth wide by 1/2 compared to the pronounced/æ/ and give tongue backIdentify the vowels which are pronounced /ʌ/ : “ o, oe, ou (-), u(-)” (5) In unit – Grade 6: “u” is pronouced /ʌ/ Eg: Cup 6, Long vowel / ɑː/ Introduction: Tongue down and back, mouth open wide nor narrow not too (see figure) (6) Identify the vowels which are pronounced / ɑː / : “ ar (-)” In unit 11 – Grade : “ar” is pronouced / ɑː / Eg: Far 7, Short vowel /ɒ/ (4) “The way to pronounce short vowel/æ/ ” is referenced from References [8] (5) In this page: “The way to pronounce short vowel/ʌ /” is referenced from References [2] (6) “The way to pronounce short vowel/ʌ /” is referenced from References [6] Introduction: Vowel sound in the middle of half-open and open sound to the position of the tongue, lips pronounce round (7) Identify the vowels which are pronounced /ɒ/: “ o(-) and ong” In unit – Grade : “o” is pronouced / ɒ / Eg : dog, orange 8, Long vowel /ɔː/ Introduction: The tongue moves back, the rear blade raises, lip rounds and expand Identify the vowels which are pronounced /ɔː/: “ all, au, aw, wa, or, os, oar, ore, our” (8) In unit – Grade 7: “aw” is pronouced / ɒ / Eg: draw - “or” is pronouced / ɒ/ Eg: North 9, Short vowel /ə / Introduction: This is a very short vowel When pronouncing tongue forward and slightly upward Identify the vowels which are pronounced /ə /: “a, e,o, u," The vowels like a, e, i, o, u in part of a word to emphasize that can be pronounced as / ə / or /ɪ/ examples from word “ accept”, letter “ a” pronounced / ə / as it is not the accented stress) (9) (7) “The way to pronounce short vowel/ʌ /” is referenced from References [7] (8) In this page: “The way to pronounce short vowel/ʌ /” is referenced from References [5] (9) “Identify : “a, e,o, u," are pronouced /ə /” is referenced from References [8] In unit – Grade 7: “o” is pronouced / ə / Eg: Parrot 10, Diphthong /eɪ/ Introduction: Pronounce slightly extended from /e/ gradual transite to and end in /ɪ/ Audio / ɪ / pronounce very short and quick Identify the vowels which are pronounced /eɪ/: “ a-e, ai, ay,ea, ey,eigh, ate,” (10) In unit – Grade 7: “a-e and ” are pronouced /eɪ/ Eg : Raining, Skate 11, Diphthong /aɪ/ Introduction: Sound begins with a vowel in the middle of the tongue /ɑː/ and raises on the word /ɪ/, when pronouncing /ɑː/ mouth opens wide, to /ɪ/ mouth restrictes Identify the vowels which are pronounced / aɪ /:“y, ui, I, ie, ye, i-e, y-e, igh, ild, ind” (11) Unit – Grade 6: “i-e” is pronouced /aɪ/ Eg : Kite 12, Consonant /p/ (10) In this page “ Introduction” is referenced from References [7] (11) “Identify : / aɪ /:“y, ui, I, ie, ye, i-e, y-e, igh, ild, ind” is referenced from References [8] Introduction: Is voiceless consonant sound which is created by two lips (bilabial), power-on (flosive) (12) How to pronounce: the first upper and lower lips close and then opene his mouth slightly, turn inside out to create a sound /p/, pronounce fast Identify: Only consonants "p" is pronounced as /p/ When it stands at the top of a word, the end of a word or after S In unit – Grade 6: “p” is pronouced /p / Eg : Play 13, Consonant /s/ Introduction: Voiceless consonant sound is created between the tongue and teeth (blade-aveolar), rubbing sound (fricative).(13) How to pronounce: first on the tongue’s face touches the teeth, s side, tongue movement goes forward, teeth closes nearer When pronouncing /s/ sound blast in the mouth rubs over the other rubbing sound Sound does not vibrate Identify the letters which are pronounced /s/ 1.c" is pronounced /s/ when it stood before e, i, or y "s" is pronounced /s/ when: - "S" head of a word "s" inside a word and not in between two vowels - “S” "at the end of a word to go after f, k, p, t and gh In unit – Grade 6: “s ” is pronouced /s/ Eg : Six 14, Consonant /ʃ/ (12) “ Introduction” is referenced from References [6] (13) In this page “ Introduction” is referenced from References [4] Introduction : Voiceless consonant sound which is created between the front face and tongue palate (blade-aveolar), rubbing sound (fricative) How to pronounce: this is a strong grinding sound First raise pleasantly soft dome to blast can go through the palate Present on the tongue and teeth forming a narrow slit while passing whiff Identify the letters which are pronounced /ʃ/:(14) "c" is pronounced /ʃ/ in front ia, ie, io, iu, ea, ious "sh" is pronounced /ʃ/ when standing at the beginning or end of one words "t" is pronounced /ʃ/when it is inside a word and stands before ia, io, ious "s" is pronounced /ʃ/ when it stands before ia, io In unit – Grade 7: “sh ” is pronouced /ʃ/ Eg: Ship In unit – Grade 6: “ch ” is pronouced /ʃ/ Eg :Should 15, Consonant /tʃ/ Introduction: voiceless consonant sound which is created between the front face and tongue palate (blade/front-palato-alveolar), rubbing sound principles (africate)(15) How to pronounce: this is a monophonic start with / t / and ending with / ʃ / First put on the tongue and jaw leg lift pleasantly soft dome to keep the flow of steam in a short time Lower jaw foot off the tongue gently to blast in the mouth to escape, a rubbing sound explosion will be created shortly after Identify the letters which are pronounced /tʃ/ (14) In this page: “Identify the letters which are pronounced /ʃ /” is referenced from References [8] In this page: “ Introduction” is referenced from References [3] (15) "c" is pronounced /tʃ/ "ch" is pronounced /tʃ/ when it stands at the end of a word "t" is pronounced /tʃ/ when it is inside a word and stands before ur + vowel sound In unit – Grade 7: “ch” is pronouced /tʃ/ Eg : Branch 16, Consonant /dʒ/ Introduction: Voiced consonant sound which is created between the front face and tongue palate (blade/ front-palato-alveolar), rubbing sound principles (africate) How to pronounce: this is the single consonant begins with /d/ and ending with /ʒ / First tip of the tongue touches the front palate to prevent blast left a short time Slowly lower the blade down to fumes from escaping, a rubbing sound explosion will be created in a natural way then.(16) Identify the letters which are pronounced /dʒ/ "d" is pronounced /dʒ/ "g" is pronounced /dʒ/ in front of e, i, y and if a word ends in the form of "ge In unit – Grade 7: “g ” is pronouced /dʒ/ Eg: Engineer 17, Consonant /θ/ Introduction: Consonants not cry (voiceless consonant), environmental sounds teeth (tip - dental), secondary (16) In this page: “The way to pronounce consonant /dʒ /” is referenced from References [3] 10 How to pronounce: put your tongue between your front teeth blast pushed out through the teeth and tongue.(17) Identify the letters which are pronounced /θ/ "th" is pronounced /θ/ when: - When it's head, middle or end of the word - When the "th" is added to an adjective to a noun transfer - When the "th" order index Note: in all other cases "th" and is pronounced /ð/ In unit – Grade 6: "th" is pronounced /θ/ Eg: Both 18, Consonant /ð/ Introduction : Sonant (voiced consonant), tip-dental, rubbing consonants (fricative) How to pronounce: Similar to pronounce / θ /, using voice sound vibrations generated in the palate Identify:"th" is pronounced / θ /(18) "th" sound is pronounced /ð/ in some cases following: + At the top of the grammatical structure: - The, this/that, these /those, there, then, though/although, they/them, either/Neither, together, whether, than + In some words: gather, clothes, brother, wheather, bathe … In unit – Grade 6: “th” is pronounced /ð/ Eg: There After the implementation of the methods and the solutions mentioned above, students find themselves very interested in learning the foreign language Students progress and know how to pronounce, not to be shy and prefer to the exercises as finding the different pronunciations The students’ skills have done well and created conditions for students to practice specific skills: speaking - Listening - reading – writing IV Results: With the methods that I have adopted above, the quality of teaching lessons is improved, more students are eager to learn English under the guidance ofteachers Over a semester, academic results ofstudents marked progress especially children are excited and looking forward to more foreign language lessons Here are the leson which I have applied to and the sesult: (17) “The way to pronounce consonant /θ/” is referenced from References [4] (18) In this page: “Identify the letters which are pronounced /θ /” is referenced from References [2] 11 APPLYING THE RESEARCH IN TEACHING: Unit 7( Grade 6): Television Period 58: Lesson 2: A closer look I Objectives By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to pronounce the sound /θ/, /ð/ correctly in isolation and in context Use the lexical items related to television II Teaching aids: - Sub-board, Stereo, CD III Procedure Time/Stages Warm up 5m Presentation 10 m Practice 20 m Production: Sts’ and T’s activities Chatting: Which is your favourite TV programme? Which MC you like best? - Teach vocabulary Ex1 Ask Ss to work in group of three When Ss completed their work, T play the recording to check their answers as well as to practise the pronunciation of the new words Ex2: Revise the vocabulary learnt in both Getting started and Activity Ss learn to identify a word from its description Ex3: Ss can refer to and the suggestd structures in to see how a word is defined T writes some prompts on the board so that Ss can imitate Eg: In this programme, people… A person who… Further practice Contents Vocabulary Ex1: Write the words/ phrases in the box under the pictures Key: newsreader TV schedule MC viewer remote control weatherman Ex2: Choose a word from the box for each description below Key: Weatherman newreader remote control MC volume button TV viewer EX3: Game Newreader: A person who reads news weatherman: a man who gives a weather forecast comedian: a person whose job is to make 12 Ask Ss to practise the sounds /θ/, /ð/ Ex4: Ask Ss to listen carefully to the words T talks about the differences between two sounds Ex5: Ask Ss to write the words in the two appropriate boxes Check if they it correctly Ex6: Tongue Twisters Allow Ss to practise reading the tongue twisters among themseves 10 m Homework people laugh by telling jokes and funny stories Pronunciation Ex4: Listen and repeat words Ex5: Which words in Ex4 have /θ/and which have /ð/ Listen again and write them in the correct column /θ/ theater Thanksgiving earth anything both through - Learn vacabulary by heart - Do exercise in work book - Prepare: A closer look /ð/ There them neither weatherman than feather Ex6: Tongue Twisters The thirty- three thieves are thinking of how to get through the security *Adjustment: Result after applying the research in teaching After a period of application of the new method, in addition to guided reading, students always diligent, painstake reading English, the learning of the children has increased significantly Most children prefer to read and learn English with the following results: Class students Mark 9-10 Mark 7-8 Mark 5-6 Mark under SL % SL % SL % SL 6A 36 15 38.4 15 38.4 23.2 7B 34 10 25 12 33.3 37,5 % 4.2 Through this table we can see the quality of students increased significantly, along with the quality of their learning interests also greatly increased I can see them eagerly participate in English lessons which I have tought This major helps students learn better, remember new vocabulary, sentences structures longer and apply in practice well 13 C CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Through teaching phonics for student in grade 6,7, I have summarized some small experience and the results are very encouraging Number of students who read slowly, read poorly in class had dropped a lot of sense demonstrate their learning very well.These classes are very eager to learn English, not toxins Clearly that many of them well vocally train And the first step to learning in English has prospered It is also important for children to learn in different parts of the program Sometimes I use the phonics songs in my lessons to make my lessons more lively and effectivel This experience is the best method of instruction in English pronunciation that I boldly launch I think this is a very interesting problem in ordinary English I look forward to the comments of the teacher, to hone expertise in the teaching process more I sincerely thank you ! Dong Van, February 24, 2017 Writer The headmaster signs here ( Make sure not to copy) Nguyen Thi Lan Phuong 14 REFERENCE BOOKS English 6, English’s teacher book A practical English Grammar -A.J Thomson and A.V Martinet ( Edition 1997) Oxford Advanced Leaner’s Dictionary - New Edition 1991 English Pronunciation English Phonetics, J Marks English Pronunciation in use Cambridge University Press, 2007 Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary, OUP 7th Edition 15 DANH MỤC CÁC ĐỀ TÀI SKKN ĐÃ ĐƢỢC HỘI ĐỒNG ĐÁNH GIÁ XẾP LOẠI CẤP PHÒNG, CẤP SỞ GD & ĐT VÀ CÁC CẤP CAO HƠN Họ tên tác giả: Nguyễn Thị Lan Phƣơng Chức vụ: Giáo viên - THCS Đông Văn - Đông Sơn - Thanh Hóa STT Tên đề tài SKKN The experience of teaching listening skill in English Some methods of teaching writing a passage for students of grade The experience of holding some games in teaching reading skill Cấp đánh giá xếp loại Kết đánh giá xếp loại Năm học đánh giá xếp loại Sở GD & ĐT B 2005 - 2006 Phòng GD &ĐT C 2010 - 2011 Phòng GD & ĐT B 2014 - 2015 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS A REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE RESEARCH: B CONTENT: I Rationale: II Practical basis before applying theme: : III Solution and implementation: IV Results: 11 C CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 D REFERENCE BOOKS 15 17 ... The experience of teaching listening skill in English Some methods of teaching writing a passage for students of grade The experience of holding some games in teaching reading skill Cấp đánh... research and write the experience initiative named "Phonics and teaching phonics for students in grade 6,7 ” I decided to choose this topic with the desire to help students learn English well and can... written to teach phonics method in a class Teaching phonics to help students create atmosphere language learning correct pronunciation of words in lessons.Much purpose of teaching phonics in a language