link.springer.com Effect of body size and sub-optimal water quality on some hemato-immunological parameters of spotted babylon snail Babylonia areolata AuthorsAuthors and affiliations 11-14 phút     Jareeporn Ruangsri Jumreonsri Thawonsuwan Sunee Wanlem Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul  Jareeporn Ruangsri o Email authorView author's OrcID profile    Jumreonsri Thawonsuwan o Sunee Wanlem o Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul o 1.Department of Fishery and Coastal Resources, Faculty of Science and Industrial TechnologyPrince of Songkla UniversityMuangThailand 2.Songkhla Aquatic Animal Health Research CenterSongkhlaThailand 3.Faculty of Veterinary SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhlaThailand 4.Aqua Academy Farm138 Tha ChanaThailand Original Article Aquaculture First Online: 05 March 2018 Abstract Cellular and humoral effectors are imperative for the innate defense mechanisms of invertebrates, including the spotted babylon snail Babylonia areolata, a marine gastropod belonging to the family Buccinidae In this study, we have investigated the influence of body size [5–8 g (small), 10–12 g (medium) and 15–17 g (large)], and culture waters of varied quality [natural seawater, low salinity, low alkalinity, high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and artificial seawater] on some hemato-immunological parameters [total hemocytic counts (THC), hemolymphatic glucose, total protein concentration, phenoloxidase (PO), agglutinating and lysozyme activity] of the snail Growth performance measures and survival of test snails were also evaluated after rearing them in culture water of varied quality Body size did not influence most parameters assessed, except that the lysozyme and PO activities of medium and large-size snails were higher than those of the small-size snails Sub-optimal culture water quality affected hemato-immunological factors, growth and/or survival of the spotted babylon snail Seawater with low salinity, low alkalinity and a high TAN level caused decreased THC, hemolymphatic glucose, and PO activity; increased lysozyme activity; and clearly retarded growth of the snail The snails held in artificial seawater could not survive after weeks, suggesting the lack of certain essential factors necessary for their survival Keywords Growth performance Innate defense Culture water Artificial seawater Marine gastropod This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access Notes Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Thailand Nirut Sukasem and his staff at Rajabhut Phuket University are gratefully acknowledged for their help in conducting the experiments with sub-optimal water quality conditions We thank Associate Prof Dr Seppo Karrila for checking the English language References Adema CM, Van der Knaap WPW, Siminia T (1991) Molluscan haemocyte-mediated cytotoxicity: the role of reactive oxygen intermediates Rev Aquat Sci 5:201–223Google Scholar Altena COVR, Gittenberger E (1981) The genus Babylonia (Prosobranchia, Buccinidae) Zool Verh 188:1–57Google Scholar Atkinson M (1998) Elemental composition of commercial sea salts J Aquaricult Aquat Sci 8:39Google Scholar Bashevkin SM, Pechenik JA (2015) The interactive influence of temperature and salinity on larval and juvenile growth in the gastropod Crepidula fornicata L J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 470:78–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar Boyd C, Thunjai T, Boonyaratpalin M (2002) Dissolved salts in waters for inland, lowsalinity shrimp culture GAA 5:40–45Google Scholar Cawthorne DF, Beard T, Davenport J, Wickins JF (1983) Responses of juvenile Penaeus monodon Fabricius to natural and artificial sea waters of low salinity Aquaculture 32:165–174CrossRefGoogle Scholar Chaitanawisuti N, Kritsanapuntu S, Santhaweesuk W (2009) Growth, production and economic considerations for commercial production of marketable sizes of spotted babylon Babylonia areolata, using a pilot abandoned marine shrimp hatchery and recirculating culture system IJRA 10:43–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar Chaitanawisuti N, Kritsanapun S, Santhaweesuk W (2011a) Growth, food efficiency, and biochemical composition of juvenile spotted babylon Babylonia areolata Link fed on conventional trash fish and a formulated moist diet Aquac Int 19:865– 872CrossRefGoogle Scholar Chaitanawisuti N, Kritsanapuntu A, Santaweesuk W (2011b) Comparisons between two production–scale methods for the intensive culture of juveniles spotted babylon Babylonia areolata, to marketable sizes Int J Fish Aquac 3:79–88Google Scholar 10 Chang YP, Liu CH, Wu CC, Chiang CM, Lian JL, Hsieh SL (2012) Dietary administration of zingerone to enhance growth, non-specific immune response, and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles Fish Shellfish Immunol 32:284–290CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 11 Cheng W, Hsiao IS, Chen JC (2004a) Effect of ammonia on the immune response of Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus Fish Shellfish Immunol 17:193–202CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 12 Cheng WT, Hsiao IS, Chen JC (2004b) Effect of nitrite on immune response of Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus Dis Aquat Org 60:157–164CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 13 Cheng WT, Juang FM, Chen JC (2004c) The immune response of Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta and its susceptibility to Vibrio parahaemolyticus at different salinity levels Fish Shellfish Immunol 16:295–306CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 14 Clark MS, Husmann G, Thorne MAS, Burns G, Truebano M, Peck LS, Abele D, Philipp EER (2013) Hypoxia impacts large adults first: consequences in a warming world Glob Change Biol 19:2251–2263CrossRefGoogle Scholar 15 Davis DA, Saoud IP, McGraw WJ, Rouse DB (2002) Considerations for Litopenaeus vannamei reared in inland low salinity waters In: Cruz-Suarez LE et al (eds) Avances en Nutrición Accola VI Memorias del VI Simposium Internacional de Nutricion Acuicola al de Septiembre del 2002, Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico, pp 73– 90Google Scholar 16 Demers NE, Bayne CJ (1997) The immediate effects of stress on hormones and plasma lysozyme in rainbow trout Dev Comp Immunol 21:363–373CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 17 Di GL, Zhang ZX, Ke CH, Guo JR, Xue M, Ni JB, Wang DX (2011) Morphological characterization of the haemocytes of the ivory snail Babylonia areolata Neogastropoda Buccinidae J Mar Biol Assoc UK 91:1489–1497CrossRefGoogle Scholar 18 Di G, Zhang Z, Ke C (2013) Phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of haemocytes from the ivory snail Babylonia areolata Fish Shellfish Immunol 35:366– 374CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 19 Galloway TS, Depledge MH (2001) Immunotoxicity in invertebrates: measurement and ecotoxicological relevance Ecotoxicology 10:5–23CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 20 Guo Y, He H (2014) Identification and characterization of a goose-type lysozyme from sewage snail Physa acuta Fish Shellfish Immunol 39:321–325CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 21 Hooper C, Day R, Slocombe R, Handlinger J, Benkendorff K (2007) Stress and immune responses in abalone: limitations in current knowledge and investigative methods based on other models Fish Shellfish Immunol 22:363–379CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 22 Hossain MS, Hussain MZ, Chowdhury SR (2006) An analysis of economic and environmental issues associated with sea salt production in Bangladesh and Thailand coast Int J Ecol Environ Sci 32:159–172Google Scholar 23 Huchette S, Koh CS, Day R (2003) Growth of juvenile blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra in aquaculture tanks: effects of density and ammonia Aquaculture 219:457– 470CrossRefGoogle Scholar 24 Husmann G, Abele D, Rosenstiel P, Clark MS, Kraemer L, Philipp EER (2014) Agedependent expression of stress and antimicrobial genes in the hemocytes and siphon tissue of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica exposed to injury and starvation Cell Stress Chaperones 19:15–32CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 25 Hyvarinen A, Nikkila E (1962) Specific determination of blood glucose with O-toludine Clin Chem Acta 7:140–143CrossRefGoogle Scholar 26 Kovac N, Glavas N, Dolenec M, Smuc NR, Slejkovec Z (2013) Chemical composition of natural sea salt from the Secovlje Salina (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic) Acta Chim Slov 60:706–714PubMedGoogle Scholar 27 Kritsanapuntu S, Chaitanawisuti N, Santhaweesuk W, Natsukari SY (2006) Effects of water exchange regimes on growth, survival and shell normality of the hatchery reared juvenile spotted babylon Babylonia areolata Link 1807 in a recirculating seawater system Aquac Int 14:587–594CrossRefGoogle Scholar 28 Kritsanapuntu S, Chaitanawisuti N, Santhaweesuk W, Natsukari Y (2008) Growth performances for monoculture and polyculture of hatchery-reared juvenile spotted babylon Babylonia areolata Link 1807, in large-scale earthen ponds Aquac Res 39:1556–1561CrossRefGoogle Scholar 29 Kritsanapuntu S, Chaitanawisuti N, Natsukari Y (2009) Growth and water quality for growing-out of juvenile spotted babylon Babylonia areolata, at different water-exchange regimes in a large-scale operation of earthen ponds Aquac Int 17:77–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar 30 Kritsanapuntu S, Chaitanawisuti N, Santaweesuk W (2013) Effects of dietary partial replacement of tuna oil by corn oil in formulated diets for growth performance and proximate composition of juvenile spotted babylon Babylonia areolata under hatchery conditions J Aquac Res Dev 4:197CrossRefGoogle Scholar 31 Loker ES (2010) Gastropod immunobiology Adv Exp Med Biol 708:17– 43CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 32 Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent J Biol Chem 193:265–275PubMedGoogle Scholar 33 Lucas A (1996) Physical concepts of bioenergetics In: Lucas A (ed) Bioenergetics of aquatic animals Taylor and Francis, FranceGoogle Scholar 34 Panichasuk P (1996) Areola babylon Babylonia areolata Link 1807 Thai Fish Gaz 49:107–117Google Scholar 35 Ruangsri J, Lokesh J, Fernandes JMO, Kiron V (2014) Transcriptional regulation of antimicrobial peptides in mucosal tissues of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L in response to different stimuli Aquac Res 45:1893–1905CrossRefGoogle Scholar 36 Santarem M, Figueras A (1995) Basic studies on defense mechanisms of mussels In: Stolen JS et al (eds) Techniques in fish immunology Immunology and pathology of aquatic invertebrates, SOS, Fair HavenGoogle Scholar 37 Soderhall K, Rogener W, Soderhall I, Newton RP, Ratcliffe NA (1988) The properties and purification of a Blaberus craniifer plasma protein which enhances the activation of haemocyte prophenoloxidase by a β 1, 3-glucan Insect Biochem 18:323– 330CrossRefGoogle Scholar 38 Sung HH, Chang HJ, Her CH, Chang JC, Song YL (1998) Phenoloxidase activity of hemocytes derived from Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii J Invertebr Pathol 71:26–33CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar 39 Supamattaya K, Ruangsri J, Kiriratnikom S, Suanyuk N (2002) Normal immunophysiological parameters in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and the effects of environmental stress and diseases Fish Sci 68:983–984CrossRefGoogle Scholar 40 Vedamanikam VJ, Hayimad T (2013) Effect of mixtures of metals on the spotted babylon snail Babylonia areolata under different temperature conditions Toxicol Environ Chem 95:1388–1394CrossRefGoogle Scholar 41 Xue M, Ke CH, Wang DX, Wei YJ, Xu YB (2010) The combined effects of temperature and salinity on growth and survival of hatchery-reared juvenile spotted babylon Babylonia areolata Link 1807 J World Aquac Soc 41:116–122CrossRefGoogle Scholar Copyright information © Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 2018 ... activities of medium and large -size snails were higher than those of the small -size snails Sub- optimal culture water quality affected hemato-immunological factors, growth and/ or survival of the spotted... influence of body size [5–8 g (small), 10–12 g (medium) and 15–17 g (large)], and culture waters of varied quality [natural seawater, low salinity, low alkalinity, high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and. .. measures and survival of test snails were also evaluated after rearing them in culture water of varied quality Body size did not influence most parameters assessed, except that the lysozyme and PO