Collected by Le Minh Doanh THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Contents .6 TO THE TEACHER .8 1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs .11 come from . 11 figure out . 12 give back . 12 look for 12 put on 12 run into 13 show up . 13 take off 14 come off 18 doze off . 19 fall for . 19 give in . 19 hear about 19 pull through . 19 stay off 20 throw up 20 feel up to . 22 get over with 22 go along with . 22 go in for . 23 look forward to 23 put up with 23 screw out of . 23 talk down to .23 cheat on . 25 go after 26 look up 26 pay for . 26 plan for 27 point to 27 put to . 27 wrap up . 28 break down 30 burn down . 31 call in 31 find out 31 hand back 32 look at . 32 setup 33 boil down to . 36 come down with .37 come up with . 37 get around to 37 get out of . 37 go back on . 37 go through with 38 monkey around with .38 cut up 40 hold up 41 let out 41 point out 42 run over . 42 see about . 43 take apart . 43 take in . 43 burn out . 47 fall over . 48 fight back 48 hear of . 48 pick out . 49 tear down . 49 work in 49 break out . 52 catch up . 53 chicken out 53 get along 53 give up 54 Collected by Le Minh Doanh hang up 54 hook up . 54 work up . 55 fall off . 58 fill in . 59 go ahead 59 grow up . 60 hand out 60 kick back . 60 lay off 61 screw up 61 backup . 65 cut off 66 drop off . 67 follow up . 68 take out 68 try out 69 wake up . 69 work out 70 back off . 74 come across . 74 come up . 74 fall through . 75 put out . 75 screw on 76 sign in . 76 sign out 77 call off . 80 dose off . 80 hand in 80 let off 81 light up 81 track down . 81 butt in 84 dress up . 84 dry up 84 fill out . 85 put away 85 stick up 85 use up 86 blow away . 91 come through . 91 dry out . 92 fix up . 92 go with 93 head back 93 tell on 94 believe in . 97 carry on . 97 count on 98 get through 98 go for 99 hold off 99 put past 99 think about . 99 come over 104 get back at . 104 go about . 104 grow out of 105 rip up . 105 wear down . 105 breakthrough 109 figure on 109 get off 109 go beyond 110 lift upon . 110 line up . 110 stand around 111 tell apart 111 aim at 114 bring back 114 bring over 114 cool off 115 go back 115 hand over .115 pull over 116 warm up 116 end up 119 Collected by Le Minh Doanh go around . 120 Go off 120 hang around . 121 lie around . 122 start out . 122 stay up . 122 look around 126 look over . 126 pick on 126 settle down 126 step on . 127 take out on . 127 think ahead 127 zip up 127 burn up 131 clear up . 131 count up .132 eat up . 132 heat up . 132 pay up 132 plug up 132 wipe up 133 crack down 135 cut down 135 drop out . 135 get away 135 hold out . 136 make up . 137 stay out 138 watch out . 138 come down 141 Let up 141 print out 141 show off 142 slow down . 142 stop over 143 trade in 143 do with . 147 have on 147 hurry up . 147 knock over . 147 lighten up . 148 plan ahead 148 settle for 148 think up . 148 get together 150 go over 151 go up . 151 let in on . 152 open up 152 put together 152 shut off 153 start up 154 27. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle off and the adverb right 156 bite off . 157 break off 157 dry off . 157 knock off . 158 tear off . 158 wash off .158 wear off . 159 wipe off . 159 beef up 162 break up . 162 call back 162 call up 163 carry out 163 give away 163 mess up . 164 stand up . 164 ask for . 167 come apart . 167 drop in . 167 flip out . 167 look out .167 luck out . 168 Collected by Le Minh Doanh make out 168 run across 168 lock in . 171 Lock out 172 punch in .172 put out . 172 sort out 173 space out 174 wash up . 174 care for 178 cut out . 178 do away with .178 do without 179 look into 179 plan on 179 put off 179 rule out 180 clean out 183 clear out .183 come out 184 empty out . 185 fall out . 185 go out 185 leave out 186 stick out . 186 blow up . 190 catch on . 190 come about 191 fall behind 191 goof around . 191 help out . 191 know about 192 pull off 192 34. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-and three-word phrasal verbs, 2 194 do over 195 float around . 195 lead up to . 195 put up to 195 stand for 195 stick around .196 stick to . 196 take back . 197 fool around 200 go by . 200 hold against . 201 leave behind . 201 live with 201 make of . 202 narrow down 202 trick into 202 back down . 205 calm down . 205 fall down . 205 go down . 206 lay down 206 put down 206 run down . 207 sit down . 208 37. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 3 .211 brush off 211 come on . 211 cover up . 212 hang out .213 leave over left over . 213 Let down . 213 talk to 214 keep at . 218 keep away 218 keep down . 218 keep from 219 keep off .219 keep on 219 keep to . 219 keep up 220 Collected by Le Minh Doanh chop up 223 cross off .223 fill up . 223 pick up 224 sell out . 225 straighten out .225 take over 226 wipe out .226 40. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs vs. phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form 229 -ing form .230 gerund .230 blow off . 230 burst out 230 come back 231 get off on . 231 go away . 231 run around . 232 stick with . 232 break in . 235 Check out 236 go in 237 let in 237 plug in . 238 sneak in . 238 sneak out . 238 get back . 241 get behind 242 get down 242 get in . 243 get out . 243 get over . 244 get up 245 blow out 248 give out . 249 gross out 249 run up 249 shut up .250 stop off 250 try on . 250 44. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives and passive phrasal verbs with the verb get .253 beat up . 254 mix up . 255 piss off 256 rip off 256 45. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the verb turn 260 turn down 260 turn in 260 turn into . 261 turn off 261 turn on . 262 turn out 263 turn over 263 turn up . 264 build in 267 bump into 267 con into . 268 con out of 268 freak out 268 make for 268 talk into . 268 talk out of 269 brush up . 272 come in 272 cut back . 272 move in . 273 move out 273 pull out 273 put in . 274 run out . 275 close down . 278 knock out . 278 Collected by Le Minh Doanh look down on . 279 look up to 279 put back . 279 switch off . 279 throw out . 280 49. FOCUS ON: combinations of get, right, back, and to .283 dog up . 285 get ahead . 286 get back to .286 get on 286 get to . 286 hang on 287 start off 287 throw away 288 50. FOCUS ON: Keep at it! 290 ask out . 290 come down to 291 deal with 291 hold on 291 pay back 291 take up on 292 turn around 292 wear out .292 Index .319 Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS To the Teacher / iv To the Student / v 1. Separable and Nonseparable Phrasal Verbs / 1 2. Phrasal Verbs and do, does, and did / 8 3. Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 14 4. Present and Past Continuous Phrasal Verbs / 18 5. Pronunciation of Two-Word Phrasal Verbs / 24 6. Pronunciation of Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 32 7. Separable Phrasal Verbs with Long Objects / 37 8. Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 46 9. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an Additional Particle When Used with an Object, 1 / 53 10. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 1 / 61 11. Phrasal Verbs Used in Compound Nouns / 70 12. Past Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 83 13. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 91 14. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 98 15. Phrasal Verbs and will or be going to /107 16. Phrasal Verbs with Gerund Objects, 1 / 116 17. Adverbs and Phrasal Verbs / 125 18. Phrasal Verbs and can, could, will, and would / 133 19. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb right I 141 20. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 149 21. Phrasal Verbs and should and ought to 158 22. The Particle up and the Adverbs right and all I 165 23. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an Additional Particle When Used with an Object, 2 / 172 24. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 2 / 180 25. Phrasal Verbs and have to, have got to, and must / 188 iii 26. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb bade / 194 27. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle off and the Collected by Le Minh Doanh Adverb right I 202 28. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 210 29. Phrasal Verbs and might, may, and can /217 30. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 223 31. Phrasal Verbs and Gerund Subjects / 233 32. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle our / 239 33. Phrasal Verbs and Midsentence Adverbs / 250 34. Pronunciation of Two- and Three- Word Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 257 35. Gerund Phrasal Verbs / 264 36. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle down / 271 37. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 3 / 280 38. The Verb keep and Adverbs and Adverbials Showing Degrees of Variability / 289 39. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 3 / 296 40. Gerund Phrasal Verbs vs. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 307 41. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs with the Particle in That Require into When Used with an Object / 314 42. Phrasal Verbs with get, 1 / 322 43. Modals and Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 331 44. Participle Adjectives and Passive Phrasal Verbs with the Verb get I 340 45. Phrasal Verbs with the Verb rum / 348 46. Pronunciation of Phrasal Verbs with the Particle into / 358 47. Particles Used Without Verbs / 364 48. Modals and Present Perfect Passive Phrasal Verbs / 372 49. Combinations of get, right, back, and tо / 380 50. Keep at It! / 390 Answers to Exercises / 398 Index / 410 TO THE TEACHER The inspiration for The Ultimate Phrasal Verb Book came about when a student asked me for a textbook to help her learn the meanings of common phrasal verbs. I had nothing to offer. The only textbook focusing on common verbs that I could give her contains not one phrasal verb — it teaches arise but not get up, awake but not wake up, seek but not look for. Phrasal verbs are verbs, not idiomatic curiosities. There is no logic to classifying take over with take the bull by the horns. Phrasal verbs are an essential part of spoken and written English at all levels, and no student who hopes to master the language can afford to overlook them. Although this textbook is intended primarily for high-intermediate to advanced students, ambitious students at lower levels will benefit from it as well. Only some FOCUS sections may prove to be a little beyond them; otherwise, there is nothing to prevent any student from studying the definitions and examples and attempting the exercises. A vocabulary textbook should provide mechanics as well as meaning. Students want to know more than what a word means — they want to know how to use it correctly. The importance of mechanics is the reason for the emphasis on the prepositions required when some phrasal verbs are used transitively and for the inclusion of reviews of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs. Prepositions are the glue that holds English together, but many students falter when using newly learned verbs because they do not know that a preposition is also required, or if they do, which one. This aspect of English is not given the attention it deserves because it is difficult to teach — there are no rules that govern when a preposition, or which preposition, is required, and no teacher likes to say "You just have to remember." The hope of the latter feature, the discussion of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs, is that combining practice with phrasal verbs and practice with a variety of grammatical structures will increase not only the student's confidence in the knowledge of phrasal verbs but also his or her willingness and ability to use them in a wider range of situations. There is inevitably a degree of oversimplification. That phrasal verb particles are sometimes prepositions and sometimes adverbs is mentioned only once. No purpose is served by differentiating between them, and the overlap between the two is confusing to the student. Phrasal verbs are not identified as transitive or intransitive because this is dictated by logic. Less common meanings of some phrasal verbs have not been included. Adverb placement is presented and illustrated in simplified form without discussion of the different types of adverbs — doing so would have gone beyond the scope of this textbook. iv THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Student And no differentiation is made between recognized adjectives derived from past participles and past participles with adjectival meaning. The adjectival use of past participles (both phrasal and nonphrasal) is an extremely important aspect of spoken English — something every student of English should be familiar with — yet the dividing line between true adjectives derived from past participles and passive sentences employing past participles with adjectival meanings is ill- defined and problematic. Native speakers of English regularly use past participles in superficially passive sentences with purely adjectival meaning. Whether the past participles are verbs or actually adjectives is of no concern to the native speaker and is entirely irrelevant to the student of English. Rather than distract the student with an unnecessary element of confusion, both are referred to as participle adjectives throughout this textbook. The exercises in this textbook are intended to reinforce meaning and mechanics. A cloze exercise always comes first, followed by exercises focusing on sentence structure and the FOCUS discussion. Last are exercises that ask the student to answer questions or write original sentences. There is a good deal of review built into this textbook. Every section contains two or more exercises requiring the student to refer back to a previous section in order to review a phrasal verb, participle adjective, or noun. When a phrasal verb has two or more meanings, it is intentional that no help is provided to the student in determining which meaning applies; students have to review them all and figure it out for themselves. I have tried in this textbook to imitate the form and content of everyday English. If occasionally the register and subject matter of some examples and exercises seem not quite right for formal discourse, that is deliberate. Students need to learn formal English, of course, but since most people speak informally most of the time, students need to gain familiarity with the syntax, usage, and content of the informal English they read and hear every day at work, at school, at home, and on television. TO THE STUDENT Phrasal verbs are combinations of ordinary verbs like put, take, come, and go and particles like in, out, on, and off. They are a very important part of everyday English. Every student of English needs a basic understanding of the most common phrasal verbs and also of common nouns and adjectives made from phrasal verbs. Most phrasal verbs are nor informal, slang, or improper for educated speech or formal writing. Exactly the opposite is true — most phrasal verbs are acceptable at all levels of spoken or written English. In fact, for many of the phrasal verbs in this textbook, there is no alternative to the phrasal verb — there is no other way to say it. v However, a few phrasal verbs in this textbook are identified as informal, and it is better not to use them in serious, formal speech or writing. But these informal phrasal verbs are important because they are very common in everyday informal speech and writing. Some phrasal verbs are very easy to understand. For example, it is not difficult to understand sit down or come in because their meanings are obvious. But many phrasal verbs are very idiomatic. Idiomatic means that there is no way to know what the verb and particle mean together by knowing what the verb and particle mean separately. For example, every beginning-level student learns what the words call, run, off, and out mean, but that does not help the student to know that call off means cancel or that run out means use all of something. Each section of this textbook starts with a FOCUS, an explanation of something important about phrasal verbs. Then eight phrasal verbs and an explanation of each important meaning of each one are presented along with one or more example sentences for each meaning. Following that are several exercises to help you understand and remember what the phrasal verbs mean and how to use them in a sentence. And like real conversation, questions asked with I or we are answered with you, and questions asked with you are answered with / or we. And because there is a lot to learn in this textbook, there is a lot of review to help you learn it. Every phrasal verb is reviewed at least twice later in the book. The more idiomatic phrasal verbs are reviewed more often, and the more important meanings of phrasal verbs with several meanings are reviewed more often. Terms, Abbreviations, and Symbols Used in this Textbook verb Verb refers to the verb part of a phrasal verb. In other words, the phrasal verb minus the particle. In the phrasal verb pull over, pull is the verb and over is the particle. particle The adverbs and prepositions in phrasal verbs are both called particles in this book. Many particles are adverbs and prepositions, and it can be very difficult and confusing to figure out if a particle in a particular phrasal verb is one or the other. Fortunately, this is almost never important to the student, so it is a lot easier to simply call them both particles. p.v. phrasal verb n. a noun made from a phrasal verb part.adj. participle adjective — a past participle of a phrasal verb used as an adjective put on it. When words or sentences have a line through them, it means that they are incorrect. . Three dots between the verb and the particle mean that the object of the phrasal verb can be placed between the verb and the particle. vi [...]... mechanic can't what the problem is with my car 3 FOCUS ON: three-word phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are not always composed of two words Three-word phrasal verbs are composed of a verb and two particles: the first particle is normally an adverb, and the second a preposition Like two-word phrasal verbs, three-word phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable: I know it's been a long day, but... nonseparable phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable Unfortunately, there is no rule that will help you to look at a phrasal verb and always know whether it is separable or nonseparable Separable phrasal verbs Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by their object When the object is a noun, it is usually entirely optional whether the object is placed between the verb and the... pronunciation of two-word phrasal verbs Nonseparable phrasal verbs Intransitive nonseparable phrasal verbs (verbs that do not allow an object) are usually accented on the particle: The barn got hit by lightning, and it burned DOWN Ned drank so much that he passed OUT on the bathroom floor Transitive nonseparable phrasal verbs (verbs that require an object) are usually accented on the verb: Hank's been CHEATING... noun, the pronoun must be placed between the verb and the particle: I took them off I took off them But in one type of sentence, separable phrasal verbs must be separated — when the phrasal verb has two objects: She put a blanket on She put on a blanket She put a blanket on the bed She put on a blanket the bed Nonseparable phrasal verbs Nonseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated by their object:... boring that I 8 I _ a country where people use big stones for money 4 FOCUS ON: present and past continuous phrasal verbs Like one-word verbs, phrasal verbs can normally be used in the continuous tense (also called the progressive tense) using the -ing form of the verb (also called the present participle) and a form of be: The principal told me you'd been cheating on the test I've been... years I told the teacher my dog ate my homework, but she didn't FALL for it Separable phrasal verbs Separable phrasal verbs (which are always transitive) are usually accented on the particle: The British soldiers tried to burn DOWN the White House The teacher passed them OUT As the examples above show, a single phrasal verb can belong to more than one category depending on its meaning Infinitive present... Earth! 10 I'm tired of arguing about the divorce settlement I just want to it 6 FOCUS ON: pronunciation of three-word phrasal verbs The pronunciation of three-word phrasal verbs is generally quite simple: the second, or middle, particle is accented regardless of whether the phrasal verb is separable or inseparable: / think I've come UP with an answer to your problem The detective didn't get any information... I put the book on the table Jerry put too much fertilizer on his lawn, and now he has to cut it twice a week 3 put on p.v When you attach or affix something to another thing, you put it on The Wilson’s put a new roof on their house last year I told the tailor to put red buttons on the dress he's making for me 4 put on p.v When you put on weight, you gain weight THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Did you... pepper on the table What does Jim always do? 18 Bill didn't go to work last Friday What didn't Bill do? 19 Sally returned Frank's camera What did Sally do? 2 FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and do, does, and did Like ordinary verbs, phrasal verbs form negatives and questions with do, does, and did Present tense questions In the present tense, questions are formed with do (except when the subject is he, she,... question What did Jim do to you? 12 Megan is trying to find Erik's telephone number in a telephone book What is Megan doing? 13 Tom is married, but he slept with another woman What did Tom do to his wife? EXERCISE 4d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense To check their meanings, review the section number given after . 16. Phrasal Verbs with Gerund Objects, 1 / 116 17. Adverbs and Phrasal Verbs / 125 18. Phrasal Verbs and can, could, will, and would / 133 19. Phrasal Verbs. Gerund Phrasal Verbs / 264 36. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle down / 271 37. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 3 / 280 38. The Verb keep and Adverbs and Adverbials