Mette M Berger Editor Critical Care Nutrition Therapy for Non-nutritionists 123 Critical Care Nutrition Therapy for Non-nutritionists Mette M Berger Editor Critical Care Nutrition Therapy for Non-nutritionists Editor Mette M Berger Service of Intensive Care Medicine and Burns Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland ISBN 978-3-319-58651-9    ISBN 978-3-319-58652-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58652-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962014 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword The essentials, not a complete catalog of the existing knowledge! This book is about metabolic and nutrition support during critical illness It summarizes the up-to-date and vital knowledge to optimize the nutrition care for most of the critically ill patients As a result, the described knowledge required for routine care is easy to access for nonexperts in nutrition It is not one more book for intensive care physicians; it is the pocket book that allows to retrieve the needed information in order to take the right decision in due time Physicians are overwhelmed by the massive amount of information Scientific journals mostly present the results of great prospective trials, meta-analysis of very heterogeneous patient populations, and case reports of rare situations Scholar reviews in prestigious journals, written by experts, show sophisticated views on narrow questions Most of these papers suffer from the absence of summary specifying the to-do list for the medical decisions at the bedside of patient There is no doubt that scientific journals greatly contribute to level up the medical knowledge and certainly stimulate advances in basic and clinical research Unfortunately, the conclusions of the published papers are often difficult to use in daily practice In addition, a number of these conclusions are controversial, as they are generated by cutting-edge clinical research either on specific conditions or sophisticated modalities not yet implemented in routine care in most institutions v vi Foreword The relevant question is therefore: How good are the decisions and the prescriptions made by a physician unable to find the relevant information in the daily clinical rushing? A straightforward answer is “Rather poor, or unhealthy!” To solve this dilemma and help physicians surviving the intensive care environment (!), the book carefully avoids diluting the most relevant knowledge into a complete description of all the existing pathologies In other words, it summarizes the essentials International experts have summarized their knowledge in brief chapters, palatable for nonexperts in nutrition Practical recommendations are presented for common situations Whenever different recommendations are possible, as a result of inconclusive study results, pragmatic recommendations are proposed Their clinical validity is secured by a peer-review process to avoid (too) biased statements Professor MM Berger is one of the lead physicians in the field of nutrition and metabolism She has designed and edited this book I am greatly thankful to her for this tremendous effort You are likely to share my views, once you have used the book Your patients are likely not to ever see this book, but they will benefit from you for having used it! Claude Pichard, M.D., Ph.D Contents 1 General ICU Patients����������������������������������������������������   1 Mette M Berger 2 Nutrition During Prolonged Hemodynamic Instability ���������������������������������������������   15 Itai Bendavid and Pierre Singer 3 ECMO Patients���������������������������������������������������������������  29 Tobias Wollersheim, Michael C Müller, and Steffen ­Weber-­Carstens 4 Gastro-Intestinal Failure�����������������������������������������������  41 Annika Reintam-Blaser and Heleen M Oudemans-­van Straaten 5 Brain Injury and Nutrition �������������������������������������������   67 Hervé Quintard and Carole Ichai 6 Major Burns �������������������������������������������������������������������   77 Olivier Pantet and Mette M Berger 7 Obesity�����������������������������������������������������������������������������   89 David C Frankenfield vii viii Contents 8 Acute Kidney Injury With and Without Renal Replacement Therapy�������������������������������������������������   99 Antoine Schneider 9 Enteral Feeding and Noninvasive Ventilation�����������   111 Jean-Michel Constantin, Lionel Bouvet, and Sébastien Perbet 10 The Very Old Patient���������������������������������������������������   123 Luboš Sobotka 11 Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Adults: Clues for Nutritional Management in ICU �������������������������   133 Christel Tran and Luisa Bonafé 12 Chronic Critical Illness������������������������������������������������   149 Michael A Via and Jeffrey I Mechanick 13 Practical Aspects of  Nutrition�������������������������������������   161 Mélanie Charrière and Mette M Berger Index���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������   177 Contributors Itai Bendavid Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Mette M. Berger, M.D., Ph.D. Service of Intensive Care Medicine and Burns, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Luisa Bonafé, M.D. Division of Genetic Medicine, Center for Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland Lionel Bouvet, M.D. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospice Civils Lyon, Lyon, France Mélanie Charrière, R.D Service of Intensive Care Medicine and Burns, Nutrition Clinique, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Jean-Michel Constantin, M.D   Department of Perioperative Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France David C. Frankenfield, M.S., R.D.  Department of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nursing, Penn State Health System, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA Carole Ichai, M.D., Ph.D. University Hospital of Nice, Intensive Care Unit, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France ix x Contributors Jeffrey I. Mechanick, M.D. The Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, USA Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Michael C. Müller Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité— Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany Heleen M.  Oudemans-van Straaten, M.D. Department of Intensive Care, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Olivier Pantet, M.D. Service of Adult Intensive Care Medicine and Burns, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Sébastien Perbet, M.D.  Department of Perioperative Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France Hervé Quintard, M.D., Ph.D.  Intensive Care Unit, Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France Annika Reintam-Blaser, M.D. Intensive Care, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia Antoine Schneider, M.D., Ph.D. Service de Médecine Intensive Adulte et Centre de Brûlés, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Pierre Singer Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel .. .Critical Care Nutrition Therapy for Non- nutritionists Mette M Berger Editor Critical Care Nutrition Therapy for Non- nutritionists Editor Mette M Berger Service of Intensive Care Medicine... the nutrition care for most of the critically ill patients As a result, the described knowledge required for routine care is easy to access for nonexperts in nutrition It is not one more book for. .. e-mail: Psinger@clalit.org.il © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 15 M.M Berger (ed.), Critical Care Nutrition Therapy for Non- nutritionists, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58652-6_2 16 I