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10 INTERESTING TOPICS FOR DABATE EXAMINATION (PROS AND CONS): I. SHOULD EXAMINATIONS BE REPLACED BY OTHER FORMS OF ASSESSMENT? II. SHOULD PROSTITUTION BE LEGALIZED? III. SHOULD SAMESEX MARRIAGE BE LEGAL? IV. SHOULD PRESELECTING SEX OF CHILDREN BE LEGAL? V. SHOULD CENSORSHIP ON SOCIAL MEDIA BE LEGAL? VI. SHOULD THERE BE A BAN ON CHILDREN PERFORMERS? VII. SHOULD AGE DISCRIMINATION AT WORK BE ILLEGAL? VIII. SHOULD THERE A BAN ON ADVISEMENT AIMED CHILDREN? IX. SHOULD GOVERNMENT SPEND MONEY ON EXPLORING SPACE? X. SHOULD MOTHER STAY AT HOME TO RAISE THEIR CHILDREN?
HANOI UNIVERSITY TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC HÀ NỘI **************** DEBATE 10 INTERESTING TOPICS FOR DEBATE EXAMINATIONS 10 INTERESTING TOPICS FOR DABATE EXAMINATION (PROS AND CONS) ************************ I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X SHOULD EXAMINATIONS BE REPLACED BY OTHER FORMS OF ASSESSMENT? SHOULD PROSTITUTION BE LEGALIZED? SHOULD SAME-SEX MARRIAGE BE LEGAL? SHOULD PRE-SELECTING SEX OF CHILDREN BE LEGAL? SHOULD CENSORSHIP ON SOCIAL MEDIA BE LEGAL? SHOULD THERE BE A BAN ON CHILDREN PERFORMERS? SHOULD AGE DISCRIMINATION AT WORK BE ILLEGAL? SHOULD THERE A BAN ON ADVISEMENT AIMED CHILDREN? SHOULD GOVERNMENT SPEND MONEY ON EXPLORING SPACE? SHOULD MOTHER STAY AT HOME TO RAISE THEIR CHILDREN? SHOULD EXAMINATIONS BE REPLACED BY OTHER FORMS OF ASSESSMENT? POINTS PROS AFFIRMATIVE SIDE (should) Too much memorization Does not work on student well - Newman, 2018: “usually test on students’ memory not their real understanding” Try to remember all of what has been learned mechanically Explain: - Students having good memory => get good marks - Students having bad memory => get low grades Tests are poor Poor way to determine the intelligence of students Tend to memorize everything on their notes REFUSE + not just test only memory => gain more knowledge + teachers know students’ performance without trying to understand the content Never learn how to think critically - Newman, 2018: “exams test students’ ability to CONS NEGATIVE SIDE (should not) keep cool more than their intelligence” Good tool for evaluation It’s fair for all students who have to sit for the same exam + use the same method in a school, even country Exams allow an administration for a large number of students to measure compare students’ knowledge Improve their performance Exams help students to know the position they are in Encourage their performance - For instance: If a student score low grade, it encourages him/her to study hard more to score high grade + not always evaluation 100% the students’ capacity + use cheat in exams to have higher scores not care about studying, depend on those answer printed paper only SHOULD PROSTITUTION BE LEGALIZED? PROS AFFIRMATIVE SIDE (should) POINTS Crimes Legal prostitution reduces rape, sex violence + sex REFUSE + “legalization does not crimes Sex workers would be approached a police if they violence is the nature of - danger or have a trouble with their clients 1998 – 2018, the number of women involved in prostitution increase, but surprisingly, rape cases have declined by 31% (Research, Berlin, 2018) Sex crimes Prostitution is legal, people who want to deal with their sexual needs would have their option available for them So instead of raping, they could hire a prostitute to - reduce violence because sex industry” President of Women International Association + increase human trafficking for demand for sexual exploitation of women and girls satisfy their sexual need Khushwant Singh, the famous journalist: “the more you try to stop prostitution, the higher crime rate CONS NEGATIVE SIDE for women is” Individual health There are many negative impacts on health for sex - (should not) workers created by prostitution Sex workers have a high risk on getting STD (sexual transmitted diseases) such as HIV/AIDS… Social health STD will also be passed to their couple partners - Jacobson, 2017: “70% of females have STD + infertility, most of them were caused by their husbands or partners who were involved in prostitution” + easy to solve by using condoms + allow government to monitor the sex trade + Data from EUROPE: “countries that have legalized prostitution have a significantly lower HIV patient among sex workers compared to those countries not” SHOULD SAME-SEX MARRIAGE BE LEGAL? PROS AFFIRMATIVE POINTS Human rights Every person has rights to have a legalized + make no sense to talk distinction of gay, bisexual or straight Gay marriage is protected by the US Constitution’s about equal rights in this - Commitments to liberty and equality Same-sex marriage magazine: “denying homosexual couples the right to marry -> not equality Marriage laws Marriage is legally recognized between people in a personal relationship, not depend on their - CONS NEGATIVE because it requires both a female and a male to - context + if gay marriage is legalized, polygamous or incestuous marriages would have to be legalized too genders US marriage laws: “Gay marriage couples have the right to start families and have their own children” Reproduction Same-sex couples cannot produce children SIDE (should not) rights relationship with the person they love without SIDE (should) REFUSE + there are always limits to + can be easily solved by adopt a child or scientific medical advances have a baby Russell, a philosopher won Nobel Prize: “the first purpose of marriage is procreation Because of children, sexual relations become important to society” Children Even if adopt a child, it still needs both mother and - + university of Melnourne, 2014: “children raised by father Article published on Child Development, 2017: “Girls raised from their father are at higher risk for same-sex parents tend to early sexual activity + teenage pregnancy” “children without a mother are lack of the academic performances” emotional security + unique advice that mothers provide” score better, better social + SHOULD PRE-SELECTING SEX OF CHILDREN BE LEGAL? PROS AFFIRMATIVE POINTS Human rights People should have freedom of choice to have reproductive rights Allow them to determine when + where they want SIDE (should) - to have children Director of fertility Institute noted: “parents have the rights to choose the gender of children they want by tech existences” Family plan Gender selection help parents free to decide the number of children they want When the couples want a specific gender for a first - CONS NEGATIVE SIDE (should not) encouraging, such as China Cost Expensive Expense for pre-selecting is too much for several- born, mother don’t need to have birth many times Some countries limiting the size of a family is years savings of the couples Gender selection by using IVF can cost up $20000 or even more Result Gender selection is uncertainly successful because it is a new science So it may not be worth the money you would have - to invest A research, WHO: “accuracy of the method is not 100%” REFUSE + breaking the law of nature SHOULD CENSORSHIP ON SOCIAL MEDIA BE LEGAL? PROS AFFIRMATIVE SIDE POINTS Safety Decrease the impacts of identity thef Restrict content that would allow identity information to be easily shared Decrease inappropriate + harmful content - 2016: “15,4 million reports of identity were records, (should) but this figure decrease by 16% when censorship was used” Stop fake news Fake news increases dramatically Fake new websites => false reports for money through clocks because readers think the news is - real News on VTV: “a man has reported that meat was infected => makes people afraid and didn’t eat CONS NEGATIVE SIDE meat => psychological crisis Human rights Censorship are against human rights People have rights to express their points of view + participate in political issues Have rights to read any book they want, listen to (should not) music + watch movies for entertainment Freedom It takes away freedom of expression The rights to freedom of speech is ban because there is a limit as to what you can or cannot say on - the internet The social network is where people can use a great level of creativity to express themselves, but censorship will take that away REFUSE + easy to solve by using self-censorship + Ex: social network (youtube…) have age filtering + parent control sofware SHOULD THERE BE A BAN ON CHILDREN PERFORMERS? PROS AFFIRMATIVE SIDE (should) POINTS Health At a young age, children are physically immature It’s very likely for a child to face with physical + - mental problems BBC News, 2017: “children involved at a REFUSE + WHO: “the rate of child performers injury is very low + there are professional’s professional level in sports are at a higher risk than help to manage them: their peers of physical problems like breaking nutrients, family… bones” Gomez, who died from injury when she was 15 years old in a competition Development Child stars have very busy schedules Easily vulnerable because of over-exercising + eating disorders Have enough time to relax + rest - Lena, the winner of a famous dancer competition, had to struggle with eating disorders for all her life CONS NEGATIVE + died at 34 years old Child development Have opportunities to work with famous people and experts Develop their talents and reach their full potential - Britney Spear, Christina Aguilera, Justine Timberlake SIDE (should not) + children may be danger because of training + or become a presumptuous person were discovered by the show called the Mickey + affect to their study at Mouse Club => become some of the most school successful singers in the world Health Children can improve ability + skills + health They involve in a professional level in sports => train physically => build strength + muscle + increase fitness level => improve health SHOULD AGE DISCRIMINATION AT WORK BE ILLEGAL? CONS NAGATIVE POINTS Effectiveness Employees have the right to hire who are most likely Know a person’s age because the lob is not suitable SIDE (should) - for older or younger person Construction industry with heavy work demand for younger because they have good heath + more PROS AFFIRMATIVE focus + active Equality Age should not be necessarily to assess the ability of workers Evaluating a person depend on the basis of their SIDE (should not) age is unfair + unacceptable Efficiency Age is not the most important factor to assess when hiring staff, instead, the qualifications + experience of candidate should be If companies select their staff depending on age, they could hire people with less experience REFUSE SHOULD THERE A BAN ON ADVISEMENT AIMED CHILDREN? PROS AFFIRMATIVE SIDE (should) POINTS Unhealthy Too much fast food and sof drink ads on TV today Encourage children to consume so much fatty, - sugary + salty food “a can of cola contains 2000 calories, but a number of calories that a child need is about 1000” Create obese, fluctuate blood sugar levels + CONS NEGATIVE increase child’s risk for cardiovascular disease Society Most of advertisement about unhealthy food Cause unhealthy youngsters with bad eating habits Society will pay a high price in terms of the extra medical Content Provide information of product, especially the new product Describes the explanation of the function of the SIDE (should not) product that is suitable for children Children find new toys to play with => watch ads => function + material + price to buy => useful Useful Ads on TV are created by using educating stories + imaginative scenes help parent feed their children easier + encourage healthy eating, road safety on other socially useful messages REFUSE + that is the responsibility of parents, not advertisement SHOULD GOVERNMENT SPEND MONEY ON EXPLORING SPACE? PROS AFFIRMATIVE SIDE (should) POINTS Knowledge Increase our knowledge Understand more about the universe: how it was - REFUSE created, the reason why it exists NASA, 2015: “we have already discovered new planets, like Kepler 22b, may support life in other solar systems Technology Exploring space is extremely beneficial because of its technological advances So, we have lots of inventions, new laws of physics - Space magazines, 2018: “nations spending money on supporting space exploration have the most CONS NEGATIVE SIDE modern technology such as America, Russia,… Waste of money Expensive Build rockets + satellites + train astronaut and experts + develop new tech and machine for space (should not) missions NASA, 2018: “total cost for the space program pf NASA is $196 billion” Useless Instead of spending money on space exploration, government should use the funds on health care, education, food, housing + other social programs that would benefit a lot of people + make their lives - better “The money spend on exploring space can help decrease 60% of the world’s hunger” + the cost spend on space program is not significant with total money of the nation 10 SHOULD MOTHER STAY AT HOME TO RAISE THEIR CHILDREN? PROS AFFIRMATIVE POINTS Development Early childhood is the most important time of a child’s development The mother or the father should be there to raise SIDE (should) them and devote as much time as possible By staying at home, mothers can ensure that their children have the best start in life, by giving them - CONS love and attention Ex: prepare healthy nutritious meals for them and look afer them Financial expense Cut out the expense of work include business clothes, dry cleaning, gas and transportation Eliminate expense for childcare service Social interaction Mothers spend all 24 hours on children They can miss the interaction they had with their NEGATIVE SIDE co-workers + miss engaging in social activities like (should not) office parties, business meetings + corporate outings Lack of adult interaction can start to have a negative effect on their marriage Income Loss individual financial independences Depend for little things on their husbands Feel depressed because they are not bringing any income REFUSE ... VIII IX X SHOULD EXAMINATIONS BE REPLACED BY OTHER FORMS OF ASSESSMENT? SHOULD PROSTITUTION BE LEGALIZED? SHOULD SAME-SEX MARRIAGE BE LEGAL? SHOULD PRE-SELECTING SEX OF CHILDREN BE LEGAL? SHOULD. .. MONEY ON EXPLORING SPACE? SHOULD MOTHER STAY AT HOME TO RAISE THEIR CHILDREN? SHOULD EXAMINATIONS BE REPLACED BY OTHER FORMS OF ASSESSMENT? POINTS PROS AFFIRMATIVE SIDE (should) Too much memorization... without a mother are lack of the academic performances” emotional security + unique advice that mothers provide” score better, better social + SHOULD PRE-SELECTING SEX OF CHILDREN BE LEGAL? PROS