KỲ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ LẦN THỨ X, NĂM 2017 ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC Thời gian: 180 phút (Khơng kể thời gian giao đề) (Đề thi gồm 18 trang) Ngày thi: 15/4/2017 ( Thí sinh làm trực tiếp vào đề) Điểm Giám khảo1 Bằng số Giám khảo Số phách Bằng chữ HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU  Bài nghe gồm phần, phần nghe lần, lần cách 30 giây, mở đầu kết thúc phần nghe có tín hiệu  Mở đầu kết thúc nghe có tín hiệu nhạc Thí sinh có phút để hồn chỉnh trước tín hiệu nhạc kết thúc nghe  Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) có nghe A LISTENING (50 pts) Part 1: You will hear part of a radio discussion with Ellen Harrington: of the Meadow Lane Residents Group, and Tim Barlow from Carton Town Planning Department For questions 1-5, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear (10pts) What was Ellen's first reaction when the town centre was closed to traffic? A She was terrified B She was delighted C.She was miserable D She was suspicious The mood of the Meadow Lane residents can best be described as A furious B dissatisfied C.resigned D dejected How does Tim feel about the changes in the town centre? A He regrets they were made so quickly B He believes they were inevitable C He thinks the town council should have foreseen the problem D He is proud the town council went forward with them Page of 18 What does Tim think about the protest Ellen's group is planning? A He doesn't think it will accomplish anything B.He doesn't think drivers will be affected C He thinks it is not aimed at the right people D He thinks it will be dangerous How does Ellen react to Tim's comments? A.She accepts his main point B.She thinks he is being evasive C She thinks he doesn't understand human nature D She considers his comments unrealistic Your answers: Part 2: You will hear a radio interview,and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F) (10 pts) The idea for the invention occurred to Ryan while waiting at a Burger King restaurant Ryan used the idea when he entered a science contest Ryan’s invention helps deaf people learn sign language Ryan had no previous experience of building electronic devices Ryan has sold his invention to a deaf community centre Your answers: Part 3: You will hear a guide speaking to tourists who are visiting some Romans remains Listen and give short answers to the questions Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording (10 pts) When did the Romans first come to the Corbridge area? ……………………………………………………………………… Why did the Romans built a series of forts and strongholds? ……………………………………………………………………… What did people begin to search for in 1201? ……………………………………………………………………… How often have archaeological digs taken place since 1934? ……………………………………………………………………… What are the two things that visitors should pay attention to? ……………………………………………………………………… Page of 18 Part 4: Listen to a piece of news about the loss of rainforests and complete the summary below WRITE NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER in the corresponding numbered boxes (20 pts) Since the beginning of 20th century rainforests have been under threat of extinction One major cause of deforestation is repurposing the land for such as growing rubber or palm oil on its property The loss of this dense biodiversity can pose several threats to our modern society It is estimated that 2. modern medicines would be lost along with thousands of 3. _ derived from plants while underprivileged groups are relying on rainforest plants for medicines According to World Health Organization, 4. take up to 50% of all medicines in ChinA Another major problem is climate change Known as _, rainforests absorb CO2, clearing it from the atmosphere A rise in carbon dioxide levels and a fall in rainforest acreage would contribute to _ and severe droughts More seriously, over resources such as farming land has led to farmers’ deaths globally It is not easy to find a feasible approach to stopping deforestation as many people on Earth survive by means of natural resource A typical example is palm oil industry which helps to _ by creating jobs for millions of farmers Switching to another production of 10 like sunflower or soybean would even cause more land destruction Your answers: 10 B LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (30 pts) Part 1: Choose the word/ phrase that best completes each of the following sentences Write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes (10 pts) Fred says that his present job does not provide him with enough for his organising ability A scope B space C capacity D range Don’t take your mobile phone with you to the exam, the examiners will it if they find it on you A seize B spurn C confiscate D toil It’s best to meet your problems and solve them before they get worse A eye-on B hair-on C nose-on D head-on We were bitterly disappointed when our team were _to the second division from the first Page of 18 A allocated B designated C relegated D stipulated She has decided not to go to the airport she presumes she won't be able to arrive early enough for the plane A at that B in that C in which D on which I don't know what our guests will be wanting to this weekend We'll have to A play it by ear B bend our ears about it C be our on our ear D turn a deaf ear to it Although she had been told quite _ to pull herself together, she simply couldn’t stop crying A rigidly B unsympathetically C unrelentingly D sternly What stands out from The Voice Kids is that many young children are with natural talent for music A bestowed B conferred C endowed D vouchsafed Sending out e-mails that people haven’t asked for to addresses is often known A multiple B countless C widespread D sufficient 10 Oil spills will _ even the healthiest of marine ecosystem A play havoc on B break ground with C pay the consequences for D take their toll on Your answers: 10 Part 2: The text below contains mistakes Underline the mistakes and write the corrections in the space provided (5 pts) There is an example at the beginning (0) Your answers True relaxation is most certainly not the matter of flopping down in front (0)Line1:the-> a of the television with a welcoming drink Nor is it about drifting into an Line 2: exhausting sleep Useful though these responses to tension and Line 3: overtiredness may be, we should distinguish between them and Line 4: conscious relaxation in case of quality and effect Regardless of the level Line 5: of tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alert yet at the same time passive Line 6: awareness, in which our bodies are at rest while our minds are waken Line 7: Moreover, it is as natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when Line 8: moving as resting Being relaxed in action means we bring the Line 9: appropriate energy to everything we do, so as to have a feeling of Line 10: _ healthy tiredness by the end of the day, other than one of exhaustion Page of 18 Line 11: _ Unfortunately, as a result of living in today’s competitive world, we are Line 12: _ under constant strain and have difficulty in coping, let alone nurturing Line 13: _ our body’s abilities That needs to be rediscovered is conscious Line 14: _ relaxation With this in mind, we must apply ourselves to understanding Line 15: _ stress and the nature of its causes, however deep-seated Line 16: _ Part Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle Write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes (5 pts) He had taken over an old company verging liquidation These carrots have shriveled a bit so I think I’ll throw them out "I will check you tomorrow morning to see if you are ready to be discharged," said the friendly doctor to Cyndia The man was done by gangsters and had to be admitted to the ICU My husband brought me some flowers today He must be something! Your answers: Part 4: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in corresponding numbered boxes (10 pts) Youngsters in their teens or even earlier sometimes (1 IDOL) film stars or other celebrities with a kind of blind, devoted (2 HERO) The objects of such adoration are regarded as gods by their (3.SMITE) worshippers How sad that such devotion is almost always (4 REQUITE) (though pop-stars have been known to marry their fans) Young people also sometimes develop an (5 RATION) obsession for another, often older, person that is not an adult, mature feeling but simply a youthful infatuation At parties a boy may (6 PLAY) try to attract a girl, or vice versa, without intending any serious, lasting relationship This is just a flirtation A relationship which gives deep and lasting happiness to both partners must not be (7 SIDE) (felt more strongly by one of the pair than by the other) It should be based on a (8 MUTUALISM) love and respect, felt equally by each of the two Of course it can take many forms It might be very deep but entail no physical desire, in which case it is described as (9 PLATO) Certainly, for any relationship to be stable, the two people involved must be compatible (they must get on well together) This does not necessarily mean that they must have attitudes and interests in common, for (10 PART) of opposites can work very well The different characters of the two people somehow complement each other Your answers: 10 Page of 18 C READING (60pts) Part 1: For questions 1–10, read the following passages and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap Write your answers (A, B, C, or D) in corresponding numbered boxes (10pts) Over the past fifty years or so, the methods used for collecting money from the public to aid the developing world have changed out of all recognition, along with the gravity of the problems (1) _ , and the increasing awareness among the population that something must be done At the beginning of this period, it would have been common to put money in a collecting box, perhaps on the street or at church The 1960s saw the (2) _ of shops which sold second-hand goods, donated by the public, and which also began to sell articles manufactured in the developing world in charitable projects set up to guarantee a fair income to local people The next development was probably the charity ‘event’, in which participants were (3) to run, cycle, swim or what have you, and collected money from friends and relatives (4) _ how far or long they managed to keep going The first hint of what was to become the most successful means of raising money was the charity record, where the artists donated their time and talent, and the (5) _ from the sales went to a good cause This was perhaps a (6) _ of the fact that young people felt increasingly concerned about the obvious differences between life in Europe and the United States, and that in most of Africa, for example A feeling of frustration was (7) up Why was so little being done? The huge success of Band Aid, and (8) televised concerts, showed the power of the media, and of music in particular, to inspire and shock It differed significantly in style from other events People phoned up in their thousands on the day and pledged money by (9) _ their credit card numbers (10) , if you have enough money to buy an MP3 player, you can afford something for the world’s starving children A faced B covered C opposed D approached A occurrence B advent C entrance D happening A supported B funded C sponsored D promoted A in as much as B as regard C with reference to D according to A proceeds B produce C receipts D returns A consideration B reflection C view D display A setting B rising C flaring D building A attendant B consequent C subsequent D relevant A mentioning B quoting C affirming D recalling 10 A After all B In anyway C Indeed D At any rate Your answers: Page of 18 10 Part 2: Read the text below and think of one word which best fits each space Use only ONE WORD for each space Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes (10 pts) From Royalist to Republican Erskine Childers was not what you would call your average Irish freedom fighter, A Briton by birth, and a proud (1) _ at that – for most of the early years of his life, Childers was a decorated soldier of the British Admiralty who had demonstrated unwavering commitment and loyalty to both king and country And yet, somewhere along the way, disillusionment (2) _ in While it is difficult to pinpoint the precise moment (3) _doubt started to creep into Childers' mind (4) _ to whether his loyalty was misguided, what was essentially a complete philosophy shift - a total realignment of ideals - did occur Childers went from (5) _ a royalist to a staunch nationalist, (6) _ with the cause of Irish freedom He befriended the (7) _ of Eamon DeVelera and Michael Collins, key figures in the Irish Republican camp, and even went so far as to ship illegal armaments to the leaders of the ill-fated Easter Rising of 1916, which was easily put (8) _ by the British army Later, he would fight on the side of the Irish rebels in the War of Independence, (9) _ an uneasy truce was agreed between Britain and Ireland Eventually, a treaty was signed partitioning the country For Childers, by now totally devoted to the cause of Irish freedom and the notion of a united Ireland, partition was (10) _ bitter a pill to swallow Your answers: 10 Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the text Write your answers (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes (15pts) PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT By charting out the typical cognitive development of children, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget has heavily influenced how psychiatrists delineate the progress of juvenile psychological growth Beginning in the 1920s and up until his death in 1980, he studied the errors schoolchildren made on various tests and realised that children of the same age made the same kinds of reasoning errors Based on these recurring patterns, he identified stages in a child’s cognitive development, beginning from infancy and extending through adulthood Essentially, he proposed that there was a common timetable by which children initially develop simple cognitive skills and gradually refine them into more abstract ways of thinking While more recent theories on the matter suggest that there is more overlap among these stages and that different environments affect children’s progress, Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development Page of 18 According to Piaget, the first stage that children go through is the sensorimotor stage, an eventful and complex period that Piaget further divided into six sub-stages The sensorimotor stage begins at birth and lasts roughly until the child is two years old During this time, the child experiences the world through his senses and motor skills, and he will initially develop and master the basic reflexes of infants, such as grasping, sucking, looking, and listening Moreover, the infant begins to develop the fundamentals of basic cognitive functions He develops awareness of himself and of objects as separate entities and begins to manipulate his external environment, usually by kicking, moving objects, and chewing on toys The child also learns that certain actions will have certain effects, and he may perform an action to recreate these effects For instance, he may accidentally suck his thumb and find it pleasurable, so he repeatedly sucks his thumb to experience the pleasure again The child may also experiment with different actions to test their effects, like making various sounds to get an adult’s attention Finally, the child also shows the basic capacity for understanding symbols, and he develops a rudimentary use of language toward the end of this stage, most notably by identifying parents with words like “mama” and “dada.” In the next stage, the preoperational stage (ages 2–7), the child expands his capacity for symbolic thinking, and he can envision the environment and manipulate it within his imagination Imagination thus develops more fully, as seen in the child’s tendency to role-play other people (like his parents, firefighters, etc.), and to pretend that objects are other things, like pretending that a broom is a horse This stage is marked by two other distinctive characteristics The first is egocentrism While the child’s language develops more fully for the purpose of social interaction, his thought process is still limited by individual experiences, and these cognitive limitations exclude any alternative viewpoints Piaget determined this when he instructed several children in this age group to look at a three-dimensional model of a mountain from a particular angle and then pick out a particular scene they saw All of the subjects correctly fulfilled the task, but, when asked to pick out what someone else would have seen when looking at a different angle, they only picked out the respective scenes they saw Basically, they were oblivious to the fact that a viewer at a different angle would see a different scene, so they were only able to pick out only what they saw personally The other characteristic is that thought occurs in an illogical and irreversible manner A child can easily believe that things can magically increase, decrease, or vanish, as perceptions often dictate their reality Piaget determined this from an experiment in which he poured equal amounts of liquid into a short thick glass and a tall thin glass and asked the children which container had more liquid The subjects often selected the tall thin glass because the liquid reached a higher level and made the glass appear fuller They believed that liquid magically appeared to fill the taller glass, even though they were told both glasses contained the same amount In the final two stages, the child refines his skills or reasoning and analysis In the concrete operational stage (ages 7–11), the child shows evidence for logical thought and becomes less Page of 18 egocentric in his thinking He begins to grasp concepts such as mass, length, volume, time, and other abstract measurements, and he becomes capable of solving basic logical problems and understanding reversible logic He can perform simple arithmetic like addition, subtraction, and multiplication, and his understanding of how these concepts relate to each other increased For instance, he understands that ten minus five equals five, so five plus five equals ten He is also able to categorize concepts, such as identifying a tiger as a cat, a cat as an animal, and thus a tiger as an animal In the fourth and final stage, the formal operational stage (from puberty to adulthood), the child is finally able to think in completely abstract terms He is able to perform algebra, calculus, and other mathematics that utilize symbols, formulas, and logic, and he is capable of other complex critical and analytical thought This also allows him to hypotheses from experiments and using these to predict the effects of certain actions The extent to which people achieve this degree of abstract thinking is always different, and some may never fully or adequately grasp these skills, even as adults The word “delineate” in the passage is closest in meaning to “ _ ” A counterbalance B descry C embolden D map In paragraph 1, the author moots Piaget’s dissertations with children in order to A collate his disquisitions with contemporary therapists’ B denote the glitches in his procedures C designate how he augmented his postulations D exhibits how Piaget’s hypotheses are pertained According to paragraph 1, what can be inferred about Piaget’s analyses? A They have been called into question recently B.They are chiefly issued from other therapists’ inquires C They invalidated other schools of psychology D They were never orthodox among psychiatrists According to paragraph 2, a child’s development in the sensorimotor juncture is typified by A an aptitude for discerning reversible notions B an sagacity of numerical hypotheses C.a cognizance of the entity of external objects D a significant diminution in egocentrism The word “rudimentary” in the passage is closest in meaning to “ _” A abortive B basic C makeshift D unsophisticated The phrase “oblivious to” in the passage is closest in meaning to “ _” A heedless of B impervious to C insensible to D unconscious of According to paragraph 3, most children who executed Piaget’s mountain test A were impotent to ruminate on the perspectives of other personages Page of 18 B.could use their motor prowess to manipulate their surroundings C evinced the ability to classify objects into different categories D had tribulations assigning symbols to external objects According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true about the formal operational juncture EXCEPT A It conventionally institutes at the onset of juvenescence B It is the most abiding episode of development C It makes the same strides with the same ramifications all and sundry D It is when people refine skills mandatory for convoluted mathematics According to the passage, at which episode would a child distinctly possible commence to impersonate an astronaut? A preoperational B formal C concrete D sensorimotor 10 Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about a child in the concrete operational juncture? A He would be adroit to conduct and unravel the elaborate mathematical equations often wielded in calculus B He would only be able to kick, shriek, and masticate on miscellaneous objects to create changes in his vicinities C He would most likely flunk Piaget’s test that incorporated a three-dimensional model of mountain D He would discern that the containers in the liquids-in-two containers test have the same amount Your answers: 10 Part : Read the following passage and the tasks that follows Write your answer in the space provided (15 pts) Mutual harm A In forests and fields all over the world, plants are engaged in a deadly chemical war to suppress other plants and create conditions for their own success But what if we could learn the secrets of these plants and use them for our own purposes? Would it be possible to use their strategies and weapons to help us improve agriculture by preventing weeds from germinating and encouraging growth in crops? This possibility is leading agricultural researchers to explore the effects plants have on other plants with the aim of applying their findings to farming Page 10 of 18 B The phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more chemicals that influence the growth, survival and reproduction of other organisms is called allelopathy These chemicals are a subset of chemicals produced by organisms called secondary metabolites A plant's primary metabolites are associated with growth and development Allelochemicals, however, are part of a plant's defence system and have a secondary function in the life of the organism The term allelopathy comes from the Greek: allelo and pathy meaning 'mutual harm' The term was first used by the Austrian scientist Hans Molisch in 1937, but people have been noting the negative effects that one plant can have on another for a long time In 300 BC, the Greek philosopher Theophrastus noticed that pigweed had a negative effect on alfalfa plants In China, around the first century AD, the author of Shennong Ben Cao Jing described 267 plants that have the ability to kill pests C Allelopathy can be observed in many aspects of plant ecology It can affect where certain species of plants grow, the fertility of competitor plants, the natural change of plant communities over time, which plant species are able to dominate a particular area, and the diversity of plants in an area Plants can release allelopathic chemicals in several ways: their roots can release chemicals directly into the soil, and their bark and leaves can release chemicals into the soil as they rot Initially, scientists were interested in the negative effects of allelopathic chemicals Observations of the phenomenon included poor growth of some forest trees, damage to crops, changes in vegetation patterns and, interestingly, the occurrence of weed-free areas It was also realised that some species could have beneficial effects on agricultural crop plants and the possible application of allelopathy became the subject of research D Today research is focused on the effects of weeds on crops, the effects of crops on weeds, and how certain crops affect other crops Agricultural scientists are exploring the use of allelochemicals to regulate growth and to act as natural herbicides, thereby promoting sustainable agriculture by using these natural chemicals as an alternative to man-made chemicals For example, a small fastgrowing tree found in Central America, sometimes called the 'miracle tree', contains a poison that slows the growth of other trees but does not affect its own seeds Chemicals produced by this tree have been shown to improve the production of rice Similarly, box elder - another tree - stimulates the growth of bluestem grass, which is a tall prairie grass found in the mid-western United States Many weeds may use allelopathy to become ecologically successful; a study in China found that 25 out of 33 highly poisonous weeds had significant allelopathic properties E There may be at least three applications of allelopathy to agriculture Firstly, the allelopathic properties of wild or cultivated plants may be bred into crop plants through genetic modification or traditional breeding methods to improve the release of desired allelochemicals and thus improve Page 11 of 18 crop yield Secondly, a plant with strong allelopathic properties could be used to control weeds by planting it in rotation with an agricultural crop and then leaving it to rot and become part of the soil in order to inhibit the growth of weeds Finally, naturally occurring allelopathic chemicals could be used in combination with man-made chemicals Boosting the efficiency of man-made herbicides could lead to a reduction in the amount of herbicides used in agriculture, which is better for the environment F Despite the promising uses of allelopathic chemicals, agricultural scientists are still cautious Firstly, allelopathic chemicals may break down and disappear in the soil more easily than artificial chemicals Secondly, allelopathic chemicals may be harmful to plants other than weeds Thirdly, allelopathic chemicals could persist in the soil for a long time and may affect crops grown in the same field as the allelopathic plants at a later date Because the effects of allelopathic chemicals are not yet fully known, agricultural scientists will need to continue to study the biological war between plants Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-F from the list of headings below Write the correct number, i-ix, next to Questions 1-5 List of Headings i What are metabolites? ii The negative effects of allelopathy iii Biological warfare in the plant world iv.Why we cannot use alleiopathic chemicals at present v What is allelopathy? vi The reasons why plants compete with other plants vii The effects of allelopathy and realisation of its possible uses viii How could we use alleiopathic chemicals in farming? ix Specific examples of alleiopathic plants Example Answer Paragraph A iii Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E Paragraph F Your answers: Page 12 of 18 Questions 6-10: Complete the summary below Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer Write your answer in the space provided Scientists can see three potential uses of allelopathic chemicals in farming Firstly, the ability to produce allelopathic chemicals could be (6) _ into agricultural crops; secondly, allelopathic plants could be planted in rotation with the (7) _; finally, naturally produced chemicals could be combined with (8) _ herbicides However, agriculturalists are still (9) _ as allelopathic plants may have negative effects on plants which are not the intended target and the chemicals could remain in the ground for a(n) (10) _, even after the plants themselves have died Part 5: Read the text below and answer questions (10pts) WHAT IS PHOTOGRAPH? One hundred years ago, some thought it a mere novelty Yet it has proved itself to be not only the most democratic art form, but a weapon against injustice It has filled the world with multiple images of itself As the new century begins, we’re familiar with it But can we trust it? A Photography ended the last century as it began it –in the shadow of fine art “Photography has been, and still is, tormented by the ghost of painting,” wrote Roland Barthes in the 1970s, when painting was supposedly dead, and photography was making its most determined assault yet on the museums and galleries of fine art Since then, artists have taken to the camera in increasing numbers, (and the acceptance of art made by photographic means is more or less complete) But the ghost of painting still haunts photography, and will continue to so as long as the definition of a work of art relies on the existence of an original The most radical invention to affect the fortunes of photography was that of the half-tone printing process (around1880), which meant that photographs could be transferred quickly, cheaply and in large numbers on to the pages of books, newspapers and magazines After the First World War, newspapers in Germany and France popularised the use of the picture essay to tell a news story, creating a new generation of freelance photographic reporters Robert Capa (under his real name, Andrei Friedmann), published his first set of pictures (of Trotsky addressing a rally in Copenhagen) in Der Welt Spiegel in1932 The diaspora of editors and photographers from these papers, who fled to Britain and America after 1933, would contribute the core ideals of the two great English-speaking picture magazines, Picture Post and Life B Between the 20s and 60s, when television began to usurp its role, photojournalism was a primary source of news from around the world But the adage that “the camera never lies” was challenged as soon as it was uttered, when, in the 20s, political artists used photo-montage to criticise the German Page 13 of 18 military and bourgeoisie Our faith in the truth-telling capacity of photographs has been eroded as much by the tricks of advertising as by political propaganda, but when it mattered – when George Rodgerentered Belsen in 1945, say, or Margaret Bourke-White entered Buchenwald, or when someone with a camcorder recorded evidence of ethnic cleansing in Africa – here was evidence that revisionists found difficult to refute At the beginning of the last century, much was made of the divide between photographs concerned with recording everyday life, and those intended as “works of art" Alfred Steiglitz believed its days to be numbered “Photography is a fad well-nigh on its last legs,” he said, “thanks principally to the bicycle craze.” He misunderstood its value to ordinary people Photography was the most democratic picture-making process since pen and paper, and, in most cases, the results were far more satisfactory The family snapshot is photography’s greatest success this century We measure our lives in pictures, we have recorded our own great, historical moments The emotional power of memory – to hold your own past in the palm of your hand – has survived a century when the power of documentary and reportage photographs threatens to become exhausted C By 1910, painting was moving towards abstraction Pictorialism petered out, leaving its survivors, notably three Americans – Edward Steichen, Paul Strand and Steiglitz – to find out what kind of art photography might be capable of in its own right But while artist-photographers had been gazing inwards, photographic reporters had begun to look outwards, and used their cameras to document social inequality Jacob Riis and Lewis Hine, from the first decade of the century, established a tradition of socially committed photography that shaped the ethos of the Magnum photo agency, founded in 1947 by Cartier-Bresson, Capa, Rodger and Seymour By the late 50s, in Britain and in the US, photography was becoming the subject of art As television slowly began to takeover the reporting of hard news, magazines began to concentrate on make-believe Andy Warhol used familiar photographic images (his famous can of Heinz beans being one of them) to point out how all-pervasive and manipulative mass-market images had become He understood the power of the iconic photograph, which gained power with repetition The cult of the celebrity photograph had begun decades before, when Steichen accepted a contract to provide portraits of the rich and glamorous for Vanity Fair, triggering the insatiable public appetite that has led to the breed of quasi-celebrities who inhabit the pages of OK! and Hello! magazines D As the twenty-first century begins, it is photographers dedicated to the systematic recording of fact who are regarded as having produced some of the greatest works of photographic art – Atget’s documenting of architectural details and neighbourhoods of old Paris, or August Sander’s massive study of different classes of the German people, Citizens of the 20thCentury As the century turns, it’s hard to know what photography means What used to be called a photograph is more often a cocktail of mixed, digital images that a computer operator can paint in and out, highlighting and Page 14 of 18 enhancing electronically with the dexterity of a painter with brush A computer can remove evidence from the scene of a crime, or put a smile on the face of a glum royal prince With the profligacy of the Internet, visual manipulation has become a moral as well as aesthetic issue Photography has allowed us to create imaginary worlds and play them back to ourselves as fact The problem in the current century will be to remember that it matters to know the difference For questions 1–10, identify which section A–F each of the following is mentioned Write ONE letter A–F in the space provided Each letter may be used more than once According to the text, which section(s) mention the following? Your answers Photography was discredited as a reliable news source when picture editing and montage was first used European newspapers were the first to use photography as a news vehicle Photographs of famous people have always been popular Art photography is the photographing of historical fact Photographers escaping from mainland Europe before the World War II popularised news photography Modern technology has made photographs easy to manipulate It’s hard to define photography Photography became more popular with artists in the last quarter of the 20thcentury Early in the twentieth century, photography was already dealing with social issues Advances in printing were instrumental in shaping the evolution of photography 10 D WRITING (60 pts) Part :For questions 1-3, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given You must use between three and eight words, including the word given There is an example at the beginning (0).(5pts) 0.‘Why don’t we have a picnic this weekend?’ said Andy (HAVING) Andy suggested ………having a picnic that……… weekend I haven't been told clearly what I'll have to in my next project at work (REQUIRED) -> It hasn't been made _ me in my next project at work The crash victim was beyond help when emergency services reach her (WHATSOEVER) -> There on reaching the crash victim In my opinion, it was an absolute miracle that they survived the accident (SHORT) ->The fact that they survived the accident was , in my opinion Page 15 of 18 For questions – 5, use the word(s) given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence Do NOT change the form of the given word(s) Sharon and I are not speaking to each other (TERMS) _ The first part of his plan was to ingratiate himself with the members of the committee (FAVOUR) _ Part Chart description.(20pts) The chart below shows the main causes of land damage in four different areas in the world Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words Million hectares …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 16 of 18 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Part 3: Write an essay of about 350 words to express your opinion on the following issue (35 pts) Educational administrators have decided to combine some academic subjects to design Social science test (history, geography, civic education) and Natural science test (physics, chemistry, biology), which will be used to assess school leaving students in The National Examination What is your own opinion? Give reasons for your answer, and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience You may continue your writing on the back page if you need more space ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 17 of 18 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… -The end- Page 18 of 18 ... in order to inhibit the growth of weeds Finally, naturally occurring allelopathic chemicals could be used in combination with man-made chemicals Boosting the efficiency of man-made herbicides... herbicides used in agriculture, which is better for the environment F Despite the promising uses of allelopathic chemicals, agricultural scientists are still cautious Firstly, allelopathic chemicals... camcorder recorded evidence of ethnic cleansing in Africa – here was evidence that revisionists found difficult to refute At the beginning of the last century, much was made of the divide between