High Yield Warm-up Questions: Nephrology ORGAN SYSTEMS SET 13: NEPHROLOGY Discuss the distribution of water in the various compartments of the body, and the barriers involved Discuss the concepts of filtered load and rate of excretion and how determining these allows one to ascertain if the solute underwent net secretion or reabsorption Discuss the concept of clearance and how it impacts levels of a compound in the body Name the three stages of kidney development; which one forms the definitive human kidney and what malformations are seen in a stillborn infant with bilateral renal agenesis Name the three anatomic regions of each kidney, and the three structures that urine will traverse from the renal pyramid to the ureter                                                1 High Yield Warm-up Questions: Nephrology Discuss the reabsorption of sodium in the proximal tubule Describe the role of potassium in the reabsorption of calcium and magnesium in the ascending thick limb of the loop of Henle Discuss the possible alterations in physiology that might result in a patient presenting with U waves on their ECG What does the presence of casts in urine suggest? 10 What are some examples of diseases that can cause secondary glomerulopathies? 11 What are the differences between nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome?   High Yield Warm-up Questions: Nephrology 12 Cigarette smoking is considered a risk factor for which cancer of the urinary tract? 13 Distinguish between prerenal failure, intrarenal failure, and postrenal failure 14 What are some causes of nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis? 15 Identify the primary site of action within the nephron for acetazolamide and for metolazone 16 What diuretic is useful to reduce intracranial pressure in head trauma and also to facilitate the elimination of myoglobin in severe muscle injury? 17 A patient is started on multiple drugs for his CHF One of the drugs is used for its ability to inhibit cardiac remodeling but may cause breast tenderness and gynecomastia Identify the two types of receptors this drug blocks These question sets are intended to be completed before viewing the High Yield course lectures Video explanations can be found on the Warm-up Questions page within the online High Yield course For further review of the topics covered in this set, refer to the following lectures: Nephrology: • Anatomy and Physiology • Electrolytes and Acid-Base Disorders • Pathophysiology: Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes • Pathology: Stones, Cancers, and Hereditary Disorders • Diuretics                                                3 ... Warm-up Questions: Nephrology 12 Cigarette smoking is considered a risk factor for which cancer of the urinary tract? 13 Distinguish between prerenal failure, intrarenal failure, and postrenal... receptors this drug blocks These question sets are intended to be completed before viewing the High Yield course lectures Video explanations can be found on the Warm-up Questions page within the online...High Yield Warm-up Questions: Nephrology Discuss the reabsorption of sodium in the proximal tubule Describe the role of