High Yield Warm-up Questions: Endocrinology ORGAN SYSTEMS SET 12: ENDOCRINOLOGY Describe the interaction between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary as it relates to endocrinology Discuss the consequences related to pituitary secretion of hormones if the pituitary stalk were sectioned Discuss the potential alterations in anterior pituitary function for a female that suffers from significant postpartum blood loss Name a secretory product of the Supraoptic, Paraventricular and Arcuate nuclei in the Hypothalamus Name two releasing and two inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus                                                1 High Yield Warm-up Questions: Endocrinology What germ layer gives rise to both components of the pituitary gland? Discuss (name, location, and effect) the hormones involved in stimulating thyroid hormone release Describe the basic steps involved in thyroid hormone synthesis Discuss the most common clinical signs/symptoms associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 10 Where might a thyroglossal cyst be found and what is the embryonic origin of its epithelium? 11 Indicate the primary storage site for calcium and discuss how calcium distributes in the blood 12 Indicate the primary sources of plasma calcium and describe how they are impacted by parathyroid hormone (PTH)   High Yield Warm-up Questions: Endocrinology 13 Explain the acute physiologic consequences (clinical signs) and physiologic responses that occur in response to a fall in plasma calcium 14 Which pharyngeal pouches give rise to the parathyroid glands and what two other structures develop in these same two pouches? 15 Discuss the metabolic effects of epinephrine 16 List the key enzymes needed for the synthesis of: Cortisol: Adrenal androgens: Aldosterone: 11-deoxycorticosterone: 17 Discuss the key differentials for distinguishing between the three enzyme deficiencies of the adrenal cortex that result in adrenal hyperplasia                                                3 High Yield Warm-up Questions: Endocrinology 18 Which zones or regions of the adrenal gland give rise to Androgens? Aldosterone? Catecholamines? 19 Describe the steps involved in the secretion of insulin 20 Discuss the interplay between insulin and glucagon as it pertains to plasma glucose 21 Explain why a Type I diabetic with very high levels of glucose develops ketoacidosis, yet a Type II diabetic with high glucose rarely develops it 22 Compare and contrast the secretory products of Alpha, Beta and Delta cells of the endocrine pancreas These question sets are intended to be completed before viewing the High Yield course lectures Video explanations can be found on the Warm-up Questions page within the online High Yield course For further review of the topics covered in this set, refer to the following lectures: Endocrinology: • The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis • The Thyroid • The Parathyroids and Calcium Homeostasis • The Adrenals: Steroids and Catecholamines • The Pancreas and Diabetes   ... glucagon as it pertains to plasma glucose 21 Explain why a Type I diabetic with very high levels of glucose develops ketoacidosis, yet a Type II diabetic with high glucose rarely develops it 22 Compare...                          3 High Yield Warm-up Questions: Endocrinology 18 Which zones or regions of the adrenal gland give rise to Androgens? Aldosterone? Catecholamines? 19 Describe the steps... distributes in the blood 12 Indicate the primary sources of plasma calcium and describe how they are impacted by parathyroid hormone (PTH)   High Yield Warm-up Questions: Endocrinology 13 Explain