Modern Metro Systems for environmental friendly Megacities Dr Hieu, NGUYEN NGOC MSc Nam, TRAN HOANG MSc Van, DAO THI BICH SUD, VGU INTRODUCTION Background Basic questions LR analysis (MRT line 2) Discussions 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 BACKGROUND Hochiminh city City class III (2010), wards 109000 people (2015) Area: 68km2, density 1607/km2 Growth 11/18/2015 rate: 1.05% Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 Source: night view, internet, 2015 BACKGROUND 11/18/2015 Congestion and motor-cycles Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 Source: internet, 2015 BACKGROUND Threats - negatives Saturated traffic – prolonged peak hour – unplanned districts Car transformation age Low public transport mode share 4.4% & underuse of bus capacity Increasing congestion situation Dominant quarters poorly (6/7 to planned 4/5 Pham Van Hai station – line of population) 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 BASIC QUESTIONS Hopes - positives Building pattern in new districts Masteri project in District may support better use of MRT Motorcycle condition will be worsen while MRT is increasing People would change their habit together with the evolvement of TOD development Commitment of new Source: internet generation/leaderships International integration 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 BASIC QUESTIONS How MRT & existing development MRT’s plays its role given the existing urban development/building pattern? (high population density, dominant informal economy, unplanned development, low density of road accessible to buses, and motorcycles optimised)? How to encourage people using MRT given overwhelming use of motorcycle (benefits of low cost, high accessible to small lanes and all destination, flexible time, controlled, and easy for doing carrying goods along)? How to make people use MRT given the existing walking habit (long walking distance is a barrier in hot weather)? 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 BACKGROUND MRT line – accessible to station by mode Source: MAUR - IC, 2012 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 BASIC QUESTIONS MRT other challenges Network improvement takes long time worsen Unparalleled improvement measures – FINANCING CAPACITY Congestions @ stations due to retails MRT – more feeder buses 11/18/2015 Satisfaction level comparing to motor cycles? Challenges Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 LR solutions? LR ANALYSIS Basic concept Land Re-adjustment: to distribute cost and redistribute benefit after investment Capturing values by internalizing investment 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 10 LR ANALYSIS 11/18/2015 Proposal LR – Giap Bat station (2) Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 Source: JICA, 2015 15 LR ANALYSIS MRT stations potential to apply value capture Demand on changes High – transit needs High public hub transformation Needs to new development? Affordable changes Land use pattern + (high/low) Space availability Cost to convert? Enabling changes Unable to use public Allow to change FAR, incentives & supporting regulations Enabling regulation changes? 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 16 LR ANALYSIS MRT stations probability Rail – rail Interchange (++) Rail – buses /BRT/ monorail Existing hub Space specific Un-supporting MRT Convertible/ unused spaces Allow to increase FAR Allow to change incentives & supporting regulations Regulations/plan 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 17 LR ANALYSIS Population density in MRT coverage areas Source: MAUR - IC, 2012 Source: author 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 18 LR ANALYSIS Population density and MRT system Districts Quận 11 Quận Quận 10 11/18/2015 Quận Quận Phú Nhuận Quận Gò Vấp Tân Phú Quận Bình Thạnh Quận Tân Bình Bình Tân Thủ Đức Quận 12 Quận Hóc Mơn Quận Quận Bình Chánh Nhà Bè Chi Dr Hieu Nguyen NgocCủ 2015 Cần Giờ population area population density 226854 5.14 44135 18098 4.18 43297 230345 5.72 40270 171452 4.27 40152 190553 4.92 38730 174535 4.88 35765 249329 7.19 34677 52269 19.74 26478 398102 16.08 24758 180225 7.73 23315 457362 20.8 22031 408772 19.18 21312 421724 22.38 18843 572132 51.9 11026 442177 47.76 9258 40536.000 52.78 7680 244276 35.69 6844 349065 109.18 3197 14749.000 49.74 2965 256257 114.01 2248 420109 252.7 1663 101074 100.41 1007 343155 434.5 68846 704.2 Source: author using GSO 2009 79019 98 MRT stations MRT in HCMC line Opera House Ba Son Ben Thanh (Line 1) Package Van Thanh Park Tan Cang (Line 1) Thao Dien An Phu Rach Chiec Phuoc Long Binh Thai Thu Duc High Teck Park Suoi Tien Terminal Long Binh Depot line S1 - Ben Thanh (Line 2) S2 - Tao Dan S3 - Dan Chu S4 - Hoa Hung S5 - Le Thi Rieng Park S6 - Pham Van Hai S7 - Bay Hien (Line 2) S9 - Ba Queo (line 2) S8 - Nguyen Hong Dao S10 - Pham Van Bach S11 - Tan Binh S12-Tan Thoi Nhat S13-Hung Thuan S14-An Suong Terminal S1E - Ham Nghi 14 S2E - Vong Cung S3E - Cung Thieu Nhi S4E - International Hospital S5E - Binh Khanh S6E - Thu Thiem Tham Luong Depot line Depot Cong Hoa (Line 3B) Tu Du Tao Dan Ho Con Rua Hoa Lu Thi Nghe Hang Xanh (Line 3B) Mien Dong Terminal Hiep Binh Chanh Hiep Binh Phuoc Hiep Binh Hiep Binh Phuoc Depot 20 Line (phase 1) Thanh Xuan Depot S1 - Thanh Xuan S2 - Giao Khau S3 - Nga Tu Ga S4 - An Loc Bridge S5 - An Nhon S6 - Lam Son S7 - Go Vap Intersection S8 - 175 Hospital S9 - Gia Dinh Park (Line 4) S10 - Phu Nhuan Intersection (Line 4) S11 - Kieu Bridge S12 - Le Van Tam Park 11 S13 - Nha Van Hoa Thanh Nien S14 - Ben Thanh (Line 4) S15 - Hoang Dieu S16 - Ton Dan S17 - Tan Hung S18 - Nguyen Thi Thap S19 - Nguyen Van Linh S20 - Phuoc Kien S21 - Vinh Phuoc S22 - Pham Huu Lau S23 - Kho B S24 - Long Kien S25 - Ba Chiem S26 - Long Thoi S27 - Rach Doi S28 - Hiep Phuoc Vocational School S29 - Sport Park S30 - International Hospital S31 - TT Hiep Phuoc S32 - Cay Xanh Park S33 - Ben Tau Hiep Phuoc Depot Hiep Phuoc 4b S1B - Gia Dinh Park (Line 4B) S2B - Tan Son Nhat S3B - Lang Cha Ca line Da Phuoc Depot S1 - New Can Giuoc Terminal S2 - Da Phuoc S3 - Phong Phu S4 - Trinh Quang Nghi S5 - Vanh Dai Trong S6 - Nguyen Van Linh S7 - District Coach Station S8 - Tung Thien Vuong S9 - University of Medicine and Phramacy S10 - Thang S11 - Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology S12 - Bac Hai S13 - Tan Binh Market S14 - Bay Hien (Line 5) S15 - Lang Cha Ca S16 - Hoang Van Thu Park S17 - Phu Nhuan Intersection (Line 5) S18 - Nguyen Van Dau S19 - Ba Chieu Market S20 - Bach Dang S21 - Hang Xanh (Line 5) S22 - Tan Cang (Line 5) line Ba Queo (line 6) Au Co Thong Nhat Tan Phu Hoa Binh Dam sen Phu Lam (line 6) U-turn U-turn 22 33 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 20 LR ANALYSIS 11/18/2015 Catchment capacity – line – R500 assumption Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 21 LR ANALYSIS No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 MRT line population within walking distance station ward district population density walking area population S1E - Ham Nghi Nguyen Thai District Binh Ward 26761 21007 S2 - Tao Dan Ben Thanh District Ward 15257 11977 S3 - Dan Chu Ward 11 District 10 49322 38718 S4 - Hoa Hung Ward 13 Ward District 10 48942 38419 S5 - Le Thi Rieng Park Ward 15 District 10 35789 28094 S6 - Pham Van Hai Ward Tan Binh District 32591 25584 S7 - Bay Hien (Line 2) Ward 11 Tan Binh District 44250 34736 S8 - Nguyen Hong Dao Ward 14 Tan Binh District 33083 25970 S9 - Ba Queo (line 2) Tay Thanh Ward Tan Phu District 13421 10535 S10 - Pham Van Bach Tay Thanh Ward Tan Phu District 13421 10535 S11 - Tan Binh Tay Thanh Ward Tan Phu District 13421 10535 Tham Luong Depot Tan Thoi Nhat District Ward 12 11411 8958 S12-Tan Thoi Nhat Tan Thoi Nhat District Ward 12 11411 8958 S13-Hung Thuan Tan Thoi Nhat District Ward 12 11411 8958 S14-An Suong Terminal Ba Diem Ward Hoc Mon District 7044 5530 S2E - Vong Cung Thu Thiem Ward District 3452 2710 S3E - Cung Thieu Nhi Thu Thiem Ward District 3452 2710 S4E - International HospitalAn Loi DongDistrict Ward 1599 1255 S5E - Binh Khanh Binh KhanhDistrict Ward 4354 3418 S6E - Thu Thiem An Phu Ward District 1750 1374 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 Source: author 22 LR ANALYSIS 11/18/2015 Space specific Le Thi Rieng station – good layout Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 23 LR ANALYSIS Space specific Pham Van Hai station – bad layout No bay for buses or taxis or ‘xe om’ area Not enough space for walking No preparation for retail concentration around station in future 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 24 LR challenges Improvement & accessibility – line - Bay Hien Main interchange probably attract large commercial development Solutions for redesign the area with the LR11/18/2015 concept – exhibition centre Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 25 LR challenges Variants Case - Statutory price, road Case - Statutory price, road & alley Trial of land value capture - dilemma Number of floors 10 Case - Market price, road 30 Case - Market price, road & alley 26 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 26 LR ANALYSIS Implementation of LR – new & complicated Support Un-support • Land law enables community development approach (though unclear) • Land exchange/ consolidation tradition/experience • Political support to have pilot project • Technical assistance available (international) • Administrative red tape context • Unprofessional planner working on negotiation based development • Inexperienced stakeholders • Law not yet specified • Culture of exchange unprecedented 11/18/2015 Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 27 DISCUSSIONS Affordability Financing redevelopment Legal issues – barrier free and legal support Dilemma of value capture inner city Development control changes to which extent? 11/18/2015 Affordability Dr Hieu Nguyen Ngoc 2015 Commitment and bureaucracy motivation to sustain in a long process? 28 Hieu.nn@vgu.edu.vn Dr Hieu, NGUYEN NGOC MSc Nam, TRAN HOANG MSc Van, DAO THI BICH SUD, VGU ... QUESTIONS How MRT & existing development MRT? ??s plays its role given the existing urban development/ building pattern? (high population density, dominant informal economy, unplanned development, ... unplanned development, low density of road accessible to buses, and motorcycles optimised)? How to encourage people using MRT given overwhelming use of motorcycle (benefits of low cost, high accessible... 704.2 Source: author using GSO 2009 79019 98 MRT stations MRT in HCMC line Opera House Ba Son Ben Thanh (Line 1) Package Van Thanh Park Tan Cang (Line 1) Thao Dien An Phu Rach Chiec Phuoc Long