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Tiếng anh chuyên ngành điện nông nghiệp Tài liệu của ĐH Huế
LỜI MƠÛ ĐẦU“A course of English for students of agricultural engineering” là một giáo trình tiếng Anh chuyên ngành dành cho sinh viên khoa cơ điện nông nghiệp thuộc trường Đại học Nông Lâm Huế. Giáo trình này được biên soạn trên cơ sở sinh viên đã có những kiên thức tiếng Anh cơ bản (basic English) và có nhu cầu phát triển kỹ năng đọc, viết và dòch tiếng Anh chuyên ngành cơ điện nông nghiệp. Do đó mục đích của giáo trình này là:• Giúp sinh viên làm quen với văn phong tiếng Anh khoa học kỹ thuật.• Rèn luyện kỹ năng đọc hiểu các văn bản khoa học.• Cung cấp cho sinh viên một số từ, thuật ngữ chuyên ngành.• Luyện thực hành viết và dòch một số cấu trúc ngữ pháp thường gặp.Với đối tượng của giáo trình là sinh viên năm thứ 3 khoa cơ điện nông nghiệp, trường Đại Học Nông Lâm Huế và thời lượng dành cho môn học là 60 tiết (4 đơn vò học trình), “A course of English for students of agricultural engineering” gồm 10 units và một số bài đọc thêm (further reading). Các bài text được trích dẫn hoặc phỏng theo các tài liệu khoa học nhằm đảm bảo được tính xác thực của văn bản (authenticity). Các bài tập ngữ pháp được biên soạn trên cơ sở kết hợp các kiến thức cơ điện và nông nghiệp cơ bản mà sinh viên đã được học.Chuyên ngành cơ điện nông nghiệp là một môn học mới trong chương trình tiếng Anh chuyên ngành ở trường Đại Học Nông Lâm Huế. Vì vậy việc biên soạn giáo trình này cũng không tránh khỏi những khiếm khuyết. Chúng tôi mong được sự góp ý xây dựng của độc giả và người học để giáo trình ngày càng hoàn thiện hơn.Người biên soạn. PART I: ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGUNIT 1: Engineering – What’s it all about ?A. Reading:1. Read the following passage and find out how many branches of engineering are mentioned.Engineering is largely a practical activity. It is about putting ideas into action. Civil engineering is concerned with making bridges, roads, airports, etc. Mechanical engineering deals with the design and manufacture of tools and machines. Electrical engineering is about the generation and distribution of electricity and its many applications. Electronic engineering is concerned with developing components and equipment for communications, computing, and so on.Mechanical engineering includes marine, automobile, aeronautical, heating and ventilating, and others. Electrical engineering includes electricity generating, electrical installation, lighting, etc. Mining and medical engineering belong partly to mechanical and partly to electrical.2. Complete the blanks in this diagram using information from the text.Engineering Civil 1……… Electrical 2……….3……. Automobile Aeronautical 4…… Electricity Electrical 6. …… . 5……… installation 7. ………. Medical3. Study these special words. They show some of the areas in which engineers work. Can you identify them? What kinds of engineers are concerned with these areas – electrical, mechanical or both?Beer brewery – planes - super highway – blocks of building – X ray machineNow read the following texts to check your answer. Match each text to one of the word or phrase above.Transport: cars, trains, ships and planes are all products of mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineers are also involved in support services such as roads, rail track, harbours and bridges.Food processing: Mechanical engineers design, develop and make the machines and the processing equipment for harvesting, preparing and preserving the foods and drinks that fill the supermarket.Medical engineering: Body scanners, X-ray machines, life-support systems, and other high-tech equipment result from mechanical and electrical engineers combining with medical experts to convert ideas into life-saving and preserving products.Building services: Electrical engineers provide all the services we need in our homes and places of work, including lighting, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, refrigeration, and lifts.Energy and power: Electrical engineers are concerned with the production and distribution of electricity to homes, offices, industry, hospitals, colleges and schools, and the installation and maintenance of the equipment involved in these processes.(Source: Adapted from Turning Ideas into Action, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, and Engineering a career, Institution of Electronics and Electrical Incorporated Engineers)4. When you read, it is important to have a clear purpose. Here are some of the purposes you may have for reading the texts. Match one purpose to each kind of text.A B1. finding a job2. pricing a component3. finding out how to do something4. choosing the best chapter to read5. looking for specific information on a topic6. learning about electrical equipment7. choosing a course8. looking for a specificationa. tableb. indexc. contentsd. book titlee. manualf. price list of componentsg. college brochureh. job advertisement5. Fill in the gaps in this text with the words given below. Each gap represents one word. Compare your answer with your partner. In the United Kingdom you can …(1)… engineering at a college of further education or a university. Most college courses …(2)… from one to two years. University undergraduate course …(3)… engineering last from three to four years.A college will take …(4)… after four years of secondary school education. Most students study full-time, …(5)… day-release courses are available for people who …(6)… in local engineering companies. Students will be given a certificate …(7)… a diploma at the …(8)… of their course.Most university students will have completed six …(9)… of secondary school. Others will have taken a diploma course at college. …(10)… give degrees. A Bachelor’s degree …(11)… three to four years. A Master’s …(12)… requires a further year.Students / degree / last / years / in / work / end / study / universities / or / but (although) / takes B. Language study: deals with / is concerned withWhat is the link between column A and column B ?A Bmechanical machineselectrical electricityColumn A lists a branch of engineering or a type of engineer. Column B lists things they are concerned with. We can show the link between them in a number of ways:1. Mechanical engineering deals with machines.2. Mechanical engineers deal with machines.3. Mechanical engineering is concerned with machines.4. Mechanical engineers are concerned with machines.5. Machines are the concern of mechanical engineers.Match each item in column A with an appropriate item from column B and link the two in a sentence.A B1. marine2. aeronautical3. heating and ventilating4. electricity generating5. automobile6. civil7. electronic8. electrical installation9. medicala. air-conditioningb. roads and bridgesc. body scannersd. cables and switch-geare. communication and equipmentf. shipsg. planesh. cars and trucksi. power stationsC. Word study: Word stressWords are divided into syllables. For example:engine en.gineengineer en.gin.eerengineering en.gin.eer.ingEach syllable is pronounced separately, but normally only one syllable is stressed. That means it is said more slowly and clearly than the other syllables. We say ‘engine but engin’eer. A good dictionary will show the stress syllables.• Look at these words. Try to mark the stressed syllable.1. machinery 2. mechanical3. machine 4. install5. installation 6. electricity 7. electrical 8. electronic9. aeronautical 10. ventilationNew words and expressions:- Engineering (n.):- civil engineering:- mechanical engineering:- deal with:- putting ideas into action:- manufacture (v.):- electricity generation:- distribution of electricity:- marine(n. & adj.):- aeronautical(adj.):- heating and ventilating:- food processing - harvesting:- preserving:- maintenance (n.):- power station:ngành kỹ thuậtkỹ thuật dân dụngkỹ thuật cơ khíliên quan đếnchuyển ý tưởng thành hành độngsản xuấtsự phát điệnsự phân phối điện năng(thuộc về) hàng hải(thuộc) ngành hàng khôngsưởi và thông gióchế biến thực phẩmthu hoạchbảo quảnbảo dưỡng, bảo trì (máy móc)trạm điện năng--- UNIT 2: ENGINEERING MATERIALSA. Reading: Scanning tablesIn engineering, it is important to practice reading tables, charts, diagrams, and graphs because so much information is represented in these ways.Scanning is the best strategy for finding information in a table. With scanning, you know before you read what sort of information you are searching for. To scan a table, you move your eyes up and down the columns until you find the word or words you want. To scan quickly, you must learn to ignore any information which will not help you with your task.1. Scan the table which follows to find a material which is:a. softb. ductilec. malleabled. toughe. scratch-resistantf. conductive and malleableg. durable and hardh. stiff and brittlei. ductile and corrosion-resistantj. heat-resistant and chemical-resistantMaterials Properties UsesMetalAluminiumLight, soft, ductile, highly conductive, corrosion-resistantAircraft, engine components, foil, cooking utensils.Copper Very malleable, tough & ductile, highly conductive, corrosion-resistant.Electric wiring, PCBs, tubingBrass (65% copper, 35% zinc)Very corrosion-resistant. Casts well, easily machined. Can be work hardened. Good conductor.Valves, taps, castings, ship fittings, electrical contactsMild steel (iron with 0.15% to 0.3% carbon)High strength, ductile, tough, fairly malleable, cannot be hardened and tempered, low cost, poor corrosion resistanceGeneral purposeHigh carbon steel (iron with 0.7% to 1.4% carbon)Hardest of the carbon steels but less ductile and malleable. Can be hardened and tempered.Cutting tools such as drills, files, sawsThermoplastics High impact strength & toughness, scratch-resistant, light & durableSafety helmets, car components, telephones, ABS kitchenwareMaterials Properties UsesAcrylic Nylon Stiff, hard, very durable, clear, can be polished easily, can be formed easilyHard, tough, wear-resistant, self-lubricatingAircraft canopies, baths, double glazingBearings, gears, castings for power toolsThermosetting plasticsEpoxy resinPolyester resinUrea formaldehydeHigh strength when reinforced, good chemical & wear resistanceStiff, hard, brittle. Good chemical and heat resistanceStiff, hard, strong, brittle, heat-resistant, and a good electrical insulatorAdhesive, encapsulation of electronic componentsMoulding, boat and car bodiesElectrical fitting, adhesives2. Scan the table to find:a. A metal used to make aircraft.b. Plastics used for adhesivesc. Steel which can be hardenedd. An alloy suitable for castingse. A plastic with very low frictionf. A material suitable for safety helmetsg. A metal suitable for a salt-water environmenth. A metal for general construction use but which should be protected from corrosioni. A plastic for car bodiesj. The metal used for the conductors in printed circuit boardsB. Language study: 1. Making definitionsStudy these facts from the table about aluminium:1. Aluminium is a light metal.2. Aluminium is used to make aircraft. We can link these facts to make a definition of aluminium:1+2 Aluminium is a light metal which is used to make aircraft.We can use the relative pronoun which in making definition of something, and the which-clause is known as the adjective clause in these cases.Use the table above to make definitions of each of the materials in column A. Choose the correct information in column B and C to describe the materials in column A.A B C1. an alloy 2. a thermoplastic3. mild steel4. a conductor5. an insulator6. high carbon steel7. brass8. a thermosetting plastica metala materialan alloya. allows heat or current to flow easilyb. remains rigid at high temperaturesc. does not allow heat or current to flow easilyd. contains iron & 0.7% to 1.4% carbone. becomes plastic when heatedf. contains iron & 0.15% to 0.3% carbong. formed by mixing other metals or elementsh. consists of copper and zinc2. Adding information to a textStudy this sentence about aluminiumAluminium is used to make aircraft, engine components, and many items for the kitchen.We can add extra information to the sentence like this:Aluminium, which is light, soft, and ductile, is used to make aircraft, engine components – for example, cylinder heads – and many items for the kitchen, such as pots.Note that the extra information is marked with commas or dashes:, which …,- for example, … - , such as …, Add this extra information to the following text about plastics.1. plastics can be moulded into plates, car components, and medical aids.2. Thermoplastics soften when heated again and again.3. Thermosetting plastics set hard and do not alter if heated again.4. ABS is used for safety helmets.5. Nylon is self-lubricating.6. Nylon is used for motorized drives in cameras.7. Acrylic is a clear thermoplastic.8. Acrylic is used for aircraft canopies and double glazing. 9. Polyester resin is used for boat and car bodies.10. Polyester resin is hard and has good chemical and heat resistance.Plastics are synthetic materials. They can be softened and moulded into useful articles. They have many applications in engineering. There are two types of plastics: thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.ABS is a thermoplastic which is tough and durable. Because it has high impact strength, it has application where sudden loads may occur.Nylons is a hard, tough thermoplastic. It is used where silent, low-friction operation is required.Acrylic can be formed in several ways. It is hard, durable, and has many uses.Polyester resin is a thermosetting plastic used for castings. It has a number of useful properties.C. Word study: Properties of materialsStudy these examples of adjective and noun pairs for describing the properties of materials.Adjective NounFlexible flexibilityLight lightnessStrong strengthNow fill in the gaps in this table with the missing adjectives and nounsAdjective Noun……….elastic…… .toughsoftrigidwear-resistant………hardwind resistance………plasticity……….……………….………brittleness……….New words and expressions:- ductile (adj.):- malleable (adj.):- scratch-resistant (adj.):- conductive (adj.):dễ kéo sợi, dễ uốndễ dát mỏngchống trầy xướtcó tính dẫn điện [...]... electromagnet (n.): - magnetic field: - direct current: cổ ghóp lõi sắt, phần ứng nam châm điện từ trường dòng điện một chiều - alternating current: - a loop of wire: - repel (v.): - attract (v.): - the direction of the current: - carbon blocks / brushes: dòng điện xoay chiều cuộn dây điện đẩy hút chiều dòng điện chổi than - o0o - Further reading: Portable generator Although most electricity comes... (camshaft) (n.): trục cam make it possible: làm cho có thể continent (n.): châu lục play a vital role: đóng/giữ một vai trò quan trọng industrial processes: qui trình công nghiệp electronic control system: hệ thống điều khiển bằng điện tử oscillating (n.): (chuyển động) dao động linear (n.): (chuyển động) thẳng reciprocating: (chuyển động) tới lui rotary motion: chuyển động quay steel sheet: tấm thép... stiff and brittle (adj.): corrosion-resistant (adj.): friction (n.): salt-water environment: circuit board: alloy (n.): bền cứng và giòn, dễ gãy chống ăn mòn (kim loại) lực ma sát môi trường nước mặn bảng điện hợp kim UNIT 3: MECHANISMS A Reading: Scanning a text Scanning is the best strategy for searching for specific information in a text Move your eyes up and down the text until you find the word or... - radial engine: sự phun nhiên liệu chia thành được dựa trên hành trình piston gọi tắt, để ngắn lại cách xa so với động cơ piston nối trực tiếp nhiều đến mức động cơ đốt bằng khí, động cơ chạy ga xylanh thẳng hàng sườn đủ cứng động cơ hình sao - o0o - . thức cơ điện và nông nghiệp cơ bản mà sinh viên đã được học .Chuyên ngành cơ điện nông nghiệp là một môn học mới trong chương trình tiếng Anh chuyên ngành. những kiên thức tiếng Anh cơ bản (basic English) và có nhu cầu phát triển kỹ năng đọc, viết và dòch tiếng Anh chuyên ngành cơ điện nông nghiệp. 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