1 UNIT MY HOBBIES A VOCABULARY a piece of cake (idiom) art gallery arranging flowers bird-watching board game carve carved collage complete 10 eggshell 11 empty 12 fragile 13 gardening 14 guess 15 horse-riding 16 ice-skating 17 making model 18 making pottery 19 melody 20 monopoly 21 mountain climbing 22 share 23 skating 24 strange 25 surfing 26 unique 27 unusual 28 upstairs / əpi:s əv keɪk / : dễ ợt /a:rt ˈɡæl.ər.i/ (n) : bảo tàng nghệ thuật /ə'reɪndʒɪŋ 'flaʊər/ : cắm hoa / bɜːd wɒtʃɪŋ /(n) : quan sát chim chóc /bɔːd ɡeɪm /(n) : trò chơi bàn cờ (cờ tỉ phú, cờ vua) / kɑːv /(v) : chạm, khắc / kɑːvd /(adj) : chạm, khắc / 'kɒlɑːʒ /(n) : ảnh nhỏ, tranh ghép /kəmˈpliːt/ (v) : hoàn thành / eɡʃel /(n) : vỏ trứng /ˈemp.ti/ (adj) : rỗng / 'frædʒaɪl /(adj) : dễ vỡ / 'ɡɑːdənɪŋ /(n) : làm vườn /gest/ (v) : đoán / hɔːs, 'raɪdɪŋ /(n) : cưỡi ngựa / aɪs, 'skeɪtɪŋ /(n) : trượt băng / 'meɪkɪŋ, 'mɒdəl / : làm mô hình / 'meɪkɪŋ 'pɒtəri / : nặn đồ gốm / 'melədi /(n) : giai điệu / mə'nɒpəli /(n) : cờ tỉ phú / 'maʊntɪn, 'klaɪmɪŋ /(n) : leo núi / ʃeər /(v) : chia sẻ / 'skeɪtɪŋ /(n) : trượt pa / streɪndʒ /(adj) : lạ / 'sɜːfɪŋ /(n) : lướt sóng / jʊˈni:k /(adj) : độc đáo / ʌn'ju:ʒuəl /(adj) : khác thường /ʌpˈsterz/ (adv) : tầng lầu B: READING I MY FAVOURITE HOBBY Nick : Hi Mi Welcome to our house! Elena : Come upstairs! I’ll show you my room Mi : Wow! You have so many dolls Elena : Yes My hobby is collecting dolls Do you have a hobby? Mi : I like collecting glass bottles Elena : Really? That’s very unusual Is it expensive? Mi : Not at all, I just keep the bottles after we use them What about doll collecting? Is it expensive? Elena : I guess so, but all of my dolls are presents My parents and my aunt and uncle always give me dolls on special occasions Mi : Your dolls are all very different Elena : Yes, they’re from all over the world! Nick : I don’t know why girls collect things It’s a piece of cake Mi : Do you have a difficult hobby, Nick? Nick : Yes, I enjoy mountains around here Mi : But Nick, there are no mountains around here! Nick : I know I’m in a mountain climbing club We travel to mountains around Viet Nam In the future, I’ll climb mountains in others countries too a Are the sentences below true (T) or false (F)? T F Elena’s room is on the first floor There are a lot of dolls in Elena’s room Mi has the same hobby as Elena Elena’s grandparents usually give her dolls Nick thinks mountain climbing is more challenging than collecting things b Answer the following questions When does Elena receive dolls from her family members? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Are her dolls the same? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… How does Mi collect bottles? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Does Mi think collecting bottles costs much money? …………………………………………………………………………………………………… II Read about Nick’s father’s unusual hobby and check your answers My father has an unusual hobby; carving eggshells As everyone knows, eggshells are very fragile My dad can make beautiful pieces of art from empty eggshells It’s amazing! He started the hobby five years ago after a trip to the US where he saw some carved eggshells in an art gallery My father didn’t go to class to learn how to carve He learned everything from the Internet Some people say that this hobby is difficult and boring, but it isn’t All you need is time It may take two weeks to complete one shell I find this hobby interesting because carved eggshells are unique gifts for your family and friends I hope that in the future he’ll teach me how to eggshell carving Read the text and answer the questions a Why does Nick think his father’s hobby is unusual? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b Where did his father see the carved eggshell for the first time? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… c How some people find this hobby? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… d Does Nick like his father’s hobby? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Read the sentences below and use no more than three words from the text to complete them a Nick’s father enjoys……………………………………………………………………………………………… b He took up his hobby when he came back home from…………………………………………… c He learned to carve from……………………………………………………………………………………… d Nick thinks you can learn to carve if you have……………………………………………………… e Carved eggshells can be used as……………………………… for your family and friends C GRAMMAR Verbs of liking/ disliking ( Động từ u thích/ khơng thích) - like, love, enjoy, fancy, adore (rất thích) - dislike, hate, detest (rất ghét) * Chú ý: Động từ theo sau động từ u thích hay khơng thích ln dạng V-ing Eg: I like collecting glass bottles I like going to the cinema She hates cleaning the floor The teacher fancy seeing her students D PRACTICE Exercise 1: Match the correct verbs with the hobbies Some hobbies may be used with more than one verb a TV b bottles c photos f the piano g gymnastics d mountain climbing e horse riding h badminton i camping j dolls go collect play take watch Exercise 2: Complete the sentences, using the -ing form of the given verbs / stay / try / take / go(x2) / collect / eat / watch / plant We enjoy ……………………………for a walk around the lake every evening My friend Jenifer loves …………………………… unique things Most of my friends don't like …………………… homework at the weekend Do you like…………………… flowers in the balcony? I hate ……………………… outdoors in the summer It's so hot I don't like……………………… challenging sports like ice skating or surfing My cousin David adores……………………… photos He has got an expensive camera Who dislikes ……………………… films on TV? Does Laura hate ……………………… noodles? 10 My mother detests ……………………… by bus because she can be carsick Exercise 3: Fill in each blank in the sentences with one hobby or one action verb from the box Hobbies Action verbs listening to music listen Gardening plant Fishing catch Painting paint Swimming swim a I like………………………… There is a pool near my house, so I go there four times a week and………………… it is fun because you can play in the water and keep fit at the same time b I always…………………………to Ngoc’s songs I love the sweet melodies At home I have to use my headphones because my parents don’t like loud noisy………………………… is my favourite bobby c I love being outdoors with the trees and flowers There is a small garden behind my house I …………………………flowers and vegetables there I like………………….a lot d My father and I share the same hobby At weekends, we usually go to a small lake in Ha Tay It’s exciting when you can……………….some fish for dinner We love………………………………! e My sister’s favourite hobby is………………………She is very creative and she………………….very well I like the colours in her pictures Exercise 3: Complete the sentences Use the present simple or future simple form of the verbs 10 11 12 13 14 Ngoc (love)…………cartoons, but she says she (not/continue)…………………this hobby in the future They usually (take)………………………a lot of beautiful photos What (your brother/do)……………………………………………… in his free time? I think 10 years from now more people (enjoy)……………………… gardening? ……………………….you (do)…………………morning exercise every day? He often ……………… (go) to school on foot The sun ……………… (warm) the air and ……………….(give) us light Look! A man ……………… (run) after the train She ……………… (go) to school every day Bad students never ……………… (work) hard It often ……………… (rain) in the summer The teacher always ……… (point) at the black – board when he ………….(want) to explain to us My mother always ……………… (cook) in the morning I always ……………… (meet) him on the corner of this street 15 My dad enjoys (ride)…………………… his bike to work 16 My mum doesn’t like (watch)……………………films on TV She loves (go)………………….to the movies 17 I like (talk)………………to my friends in my free time 18 My younger brother loves (play)…………………………….monopoly with me every evening 19 They hate (eat) …………………… noodles They prefer rice 20 Does your grandma enjoy (go)……………………….jogging? Exercise 4: Complete the text with the verbs in the box in the correct form Maybe some verbs can be used more than once go play watch listen John has a lot of hobbies He (1)……………………… chess at school and he aslo (2)……………………skating After dinner, he (3)……………………for a walk and he (4)…………….to music every evening in his room John loves sports He (5)…………………….athletics at school, and he (6)……………………… football after school On Saturdays, John and his friends (7) …………… swimming On Sundays, they (8) ………………………… basketball in the park On Sunday evenings, they sometimes (9) ………………… a film Exercise 5: Write sentences using prompts Tuan/ not/ like/ cook >…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… My brother/ like/ play/ table tennis >…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Minh/ hate/ eat/ apples >…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Ha/ dislike/ play/ the piano >…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… My parents/ really love/ garden >…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… you / fancy/ dance? >…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I / not/ fancy/ eat/ noodles >…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… My dad/ detest/ watch/ Korean films >…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… My mum/ adore/ ride/ her bike to work >…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I/ enjoy/ talk/ to my friends in my free time >…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise Complete the sentences with appropriate hobbies a If you have a lot of bottles, dolls or stamps, your hobby is…………………………………… b If you spend time watching birds in nature, your hobby is…………………………………… c If you like playing monopoly or chess, your hobby is…………………………………………… d If you alwasys buy flowers and put them in a vase to display in your house, you hobby is ………… e If you spend most of your free time making vases or bowls from clay, your hobby is …………………… Exercise 7: Put one of the verbs from the box in each blank Use the correct form of the verb Do collect listen play go read My sister to pop music every day They _ shopping for food on Sundays My mum wants to keep fit, so she tennis three times a week Do they newspapers in the mornings? My grandparents exercise in their free time? It is interesting to _ tree leaves from different countries Exercise Add hobbies to each of the following lists Easy hobbies Difficult hobbies Cheap hobbies Expensive hobbies Collecting labels Skating Collecting used books Collecting Exercise 9: Write true sentences about yourself I like I enjoy _ I love I don’t like I hate Exercise 10: Write a passage about your hobby in 150 words ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 11: Now, Write a paragraph about your classmate’s hobby Start your paragraph as shown below Use the following information: The name of the hobby When he/ she started the hobby? Who he/she shares it with? 4, To this hobby you have to… 5, Feelings about the hooby 6, Future …………………is my classmate His/ Her hobby is ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Unit HEALTH A VOCABULARY allergy calorie compound concentrate conjunction coordinate cough depression diet 10 essential 11 expert 12 independent 13 itchy 14 junk food 15 myth 16 obesity 17 pay attention 18 put on weight 19 sickness / 'ælədʒi / / 'kæləri / / 'kɒmpaʊnd / /'kɒnsəntreɪt / /kən'dʒʌŋkʃən/ / kəʊˈɔːdɪneɪt / / kɒf / / dɪˈpreʃən / / 'daɪət / / ɪˈsenʃəl / / 'ekspɜːt / / 'ɪndɪˈpendənt / / 'ɪtʃi / / dʒʌŋk fu:d / / mɪθ / / əʊˈbi:sɪti / / peɪ ə'tenʃən / / pʊt ɒn weɪt / / 'sɪknəs / (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (adj) (n) (adj) (adj) (n) (n) (adj) (n) (n) : dị ứng : calo : ghép, phức (v) : tập trung : liên từ (v) : kết hợp : ho : chán nản, buồn rầu : ăn kiêng : cần thiết : chuyên gia : độc lập, không phụ thuộc : ngứa, gây ngứa : đồ ăn nhanh, quà vặt : việc hoang đường : béo phì (v) : ý, lưu ý đến : lên cân : đau yếu, ốm yếu 20 spot 21 stay in shape 22 sunburn 23 triathlon 24 vegetarian /spɒt / / steɪ ɪn ʃeɪp / / 'sʌnbɜːn / / traɪˈæθlɒn / /,vedʒi’teəriən / (n) (v) (n) (n) (n) : mụn nhọt : giữ dáng, giữ thể khoẻ mạnh : cháy nắng : thi thể thao ba môn phối hợp : người ăn chay B READING I GOING OUT OR STAYING IN? Nick: Hi, Phong Phong: Oh, hi You woke me up, Nick Nick: But it’s ten o’clock already Let’s go out Phong: No, count me out I think I’ll stay at home and play Zooniverse on my computer Nick: What? It’s such a beautiful day Come on! You already got enough sleep Let’s something outdoors – It’s healthier Phong: What like, Nick? Nick: How about going swimming? Or ccling? They are both really healthy Phong: No, I don’t feel like it Nick: You sound down Phong, are you OK? Phong: I feel kind so sad I eat junk food all the time, so I’m putting on weight too Nick: All the more reason to go out Phong: No, Nick Plus, I think I have flu – I feel weak and tired And, I might get sunburnt outside Nick: I won’t take no for an answer I’m coming to your house now a Can you find a word or expression that means: The name of a computer …………………………………… I don’t want to …………………………………… feeling sad …………………………………… becoming fatter …………………………………… I don’t accept it …………………………………… b Read the conversation again Who wants to Nick Phong Stay at home play computer games go outside go swimming Avoid getting sunburnt II Quickly read the text Match the correct heading with the paragraphs Just the right amount What is a calorie? An expert’s view A B C We need calories or energy to the things we every day: walking, riding a bike, and even sleeping! We get calories from the food we eat If we eat too many, we can get fat If we don’t eat enough, we feel tired and weak Dr Dan law is a diet expert He knows how exactly how much people need to eat, so many people listen to his advice His calorie tips? Eat less junk food, and count your calories if you’re becoming fat People should have between 1,600 and 2,500 calories a day to stay in shape Sports like riding a bike and running use a lot of calories Sleeping and watching TV use less Do you think you are eating more or less calories than you need? Answer the following questions What is a calorie? -> What happens when we have too many calories? -> What is healthy number of calories per day? -> Which activity uses a lot of calories? -> Why people listen to Dr Law’s advice? -> C GRAMMAR Imperatives with more and less (Mệnh lệnh thức với “more” “ less”) Chúng ta sử dụng dạng mệnh lệnh cho yêu cầu trực tiếp, đòi hỏi gợi ý Eg: - Do more exercise - Eat more fruit/vegetables - Sleep more - Eat less junk food - Watch less TV - Spend less time playing computer games Compound sentences (câu ghép, dùng từ nối có dấu “,” trước): and, so, but, or… - And (và) Eg: My hobbies are playing soccer, and listening to music Eg: The Japanese eat a lot of rice, and they eat a lot of fish too - But (nhưng) Eg: I want other car, but I have no money - Or (hoặc) Eg: You should eat less fast food, or you can put on weight Eg: Would you like tea or coffee? - So (do đó, cho nên, vậy) Eg: It’s raining, so I’ll stay home and read - Because (bởi vì) Eg: I failed in my exam, because I didn’t study - Therefore (do đó, cho nên) Eg: I passed the test; therefore, my parents took me to the circus - However (tuy nhiên) Eg: I feel sleepy, however, I must finish the report D PRACTICE Exercise 1: Vocabulary Have a/an Have Feel Cough Flu Sick Headache Stomachache Tired Sore throat Toothache Weak Temperature Earache Now, read the doctor’s notes about his patients and fill in the missing words Patient 1: She looks very red She was outdoors all day yesterday I think she has 10 Patient 2: He keeps sneezing and coughing I think he has _ Patient 3: He looks so _ He can’t keep his eyes open! He’s very hot too – he has a Patient 4: He ate some seafood yesterday Now he feels _ He says he has a _ Patient 5: He was holding his neck I think he has a _ Exercise Make compound sentences by joining the two simple sentences Use the conjunction given Remember to add a comma (and, so, but, or, because, however) a I want to eat some food I have a sore throat …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… b The Japanese eat healthily They live for a long time ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… c I feel tired I feel weak ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… d You can go and see the doctor You can go to bed now and rest ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… e Nick washes his hands a lot He doesn’t have flu ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… f David eats lots of junk food He doesn’t exercise ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… g The doctor told Elena she should sleep more She should try to relax more ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… h My sister plays computer games She doesn’t exercise ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 3: Quickly read the text Match the correct headings with the paragraphs Just the right amount What is a calorie? An experts’ view a, We need calories or energy to the things we everyday: walking, riding a bike, and even sleeping! We get calories from food we eat If we eat too many, we can get fat If we don’t eat enough, we feel tired and weak _ b, People should have between 1600 and 2500 calories a day to stay in shape Sports and activities like riding a bike and running use a lot of calories Sleeping and watching TV use less Do you think you are eating more or less calories than you need? _ c, Dr Dan Law is a diet expert He knows exactly how much people need to eat, so many people listen to his advice His calorie tips? Eat less junk food, and count your calories if you’re becoming fat Now answer the following questions What is a calorie? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… What happens when we have too many calories? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… What is a healthy number of calories per day? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Which activity uses a lot of calories? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Why people listen to Dr Law’s advice? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 4: Look at Dr Law’s advice page Can you match the problems with the answers? Fortune-teller: Yes, you (2 Be) _ a successful person Minh Duc: _ I (3 Be) _ happy? Fortune-teller: Yes, you (4 be) happy Minh Duc: I (5 be) famous? Fortune-teller: No, you (6 not be) _ very famous But you (7 travel) _ a lot Minh Duc: Wow, that’s great! Possessive pronouns Complete the sentences with possessive pronouns Look at the example Example: This is your pen → This pen is yours This is Thu and Mon’s computer → This computer is (Thu and Mon) My bike is black → The black bike is (me) These are his shoes → These shoes are (he) This is Veronica’s cat → The cat is (Veronica) _ That is our picture → The picture is (we) _ Remember! • We use a possessive pronoun instead of a phrase: Example: Phuc’s bike is red Mine is blue (mine = my bike) • A possessive adjective comes before a noun Example: Their garden is so beautiful! Personal Possessive Possessive Pronoun adjective pronun I My Mine You Your Yours She Her Hers He His His It Its Its We Our Ours They Their theirs Example: This classroom is ours COMMUNICATION Extra vocabulary metro skytrain gridlocked PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS 79 Page 79 Read this case study and article about transport problems in Wonderland Case study Wonderland is the planet’s biggest city without a metro system or skytrain! This city, of 26 million people, is getting more and more gridlocked Every day over 1000 new cars add to the traffic The city is facing serious pollution problems There are fewer buses than there used to be, and almost 10 million cars drive in and around Wonderland everday! Local voice ‘Yes, that bicycle is mine I used to drive it to work But it took hours!’ Now I ride a bicycle The traffic is so bad that cycling has become quicker! But, the pollution is very bad from all the cars I don’t know what I’ll in the future!’ SKILLS Reading Look at the pictures below What you think is the connection between them? Read the text below and find the names of the transport inventions There have been many interesting transport inventions Some become popular, but others flop! The personal hover scooter floats above the ground It travels at around 30 kph But it isn’t popular Maybe that’s because it’s too expensive Personally, I think it’s too hard to park! The monowheel is a single-wheel bike The driver sits inside the wheel and pedals to go forward It has one major problem – it can fall over very easily I think it looks rather weird The Segway is a success It’s a two-wheeled vehicle The driver pulls the handle to go back or pushes it to go forward It’s not as popular as the inventors hoped, but you might see one in an airport, or park I guess it is a convenient, green way to travel Which new inventions will we use in the future? Which ones won’t we use? It’s hard to know! Can you find words in the text to match the definitions below? A new creation Not to become popular Strange or unusual Answer the following questions Which of the inventions is the most popular? …………………………………………………………………………………………… Why don’t many people use the personal hover scooter? …………………………………………………………………………………………… Which transport does the writer think is strange? …………………………………………………………………………………………… 80 Page 80 Which transport is eco-friendly? …………………………………………………………………………………………… Writing Write a short paragraph about a future means of transport in this unit Include both facts and opinions about the vehicle • Name of transport • How it looks • How it functions • What you think about it …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… LOOKING BACK Vocabulary Use the clues in the two pictures to form a phrase Complete this table TRANSPORT POSSIBILITIES IN THE FUTURE Verb (drive, ride, …) Energy used (solar, …) Characteristics (intelligent, flying, …) Bicycle Car Train airplan 81 Page 81 e Grammar Change the personal pronouns in brackets into suitable possessive pronouns This bicycle is (1 I) It’s parked next to (2 you) Are Phuong and Dung at school today? I can’t see (3 they) I really like Anna’s bike I wish I had (4 she) _ Look at the information about skycycling tubes Then write a description of this means of transport using will and won’t Match the sentences in A with those in B Some sentences in A can be matched with more than one sentence in B A B Will we travel in driverless cars in the future? a Yes, of course Will we have high speed trains? b Oh, I think we won’t have them until the year 2030 I think we will have electric taxis very soon c I don’t know Perhaps we won’t travel in driverless cars in the future Will the Segway be environmental friendly? d Yes, I just hope it won’t rain I hope it will be a lovely picnic e Yes, maybe we will UNIT 12: AN OVERCROWDED WORLD 10 11 12 13 14 accommodation affect article average block calm chance cheat commit crime criminal death death rate dense /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/ /ə'fekt/ /ˈɑː.tɪ.kəl/ /ˈæv.ər.ɪdʒ/ /blɑ:k/ /kɑːm/ /tʃɑːns/ /tʃi:t/ /kəˈmɪt/ /kraim/ /'kriminəl/ /deθ/ /dens/ (n) (v) (n) (n) (v) (adj) (n) (v) (v) (n) (n) (n) (n) (adj) 82 Page 82 : tiện nghi, nơi : Tác động, ảnh hưởng : báo : trung bình : Gây ùn tắc : yên bình, yên tĩnh, bình tĩnh : hội : Lừa đảo : thừa nhận : Tội phạm : Kẻ tội phạm : chết, từ vong : tỉ lệ tử vong : dày đặc, mật độ 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 density disease diverse drought earnings education effect electricity especially establish experience explosion flea market healthcare homeless homelessness hunger imagine immigration increase issue living standards major malnutrition megacity neighbourhood nutrition overcrowded overpopulation peaceful per poor poverty probably quiet real reduce relatively require shortage slum slumdog solution solve space /'densiti/ (n) /dɪˈziːz/ (n) /dai'və:s/ (adj) /draʊt/ (n) /ˈɜː.nɪŋz/ (n) /ˌedʒ.uˈkeɪ.ʃən/ (n) /i'fekt/ (n) /ˌel.ɪkˈtrɪs.ə.ti/ (n) /ɪˈspeʃ.əl.i/ (adv) /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ (v) /ɪkˈspɪə.ri.əns/ (n) /iks'plouƷ ən/ (n) /fli:'mɑ:kit/ (n) /ˈhelθ.keər/ (n) /ˈhəʊm.ləs/ (adj) /ˈhəʊm.ləsnəs/ (n) /'hʌɳgər/ (n) /ɪˈmædʒ.ɪn/ (v) /ˌɪm.ɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/ (n) /ɪnˈkriːs/ (v) /ˈɪʃ.uː/ (n) /ˈlɪv.ɪŋ ˈstæn.dəd/ (n) /'meiʤər/ (adj) /,mælnju:'triʃən/ (n) /'megəsiti/ (n) /ˈneɪ·bərˌhʊd/ (n) /njuːˈtrɪʃ.ən/ (n) /,ouvə'kraudid/ (Adj) /ˌəʊ.vəˌpɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ (n) /ˈpiːs.fəl/ (adj) /pɜːr/ (prep) /pɔːr/ /pʊr/ (adj) /'pɔvəti/ (n) /ˈprɒb.ə.bli/ (adv) /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ (adj) /rɪəl/ (adj) /rɪˈdʒuːs/ (v) /ˈrel.ə.tɪv.li/ (Adv) /rɪˈkwaɪər/ (v) /ˈʃɔː.tɪdʒ/ (n) /slʌm/ (n) /slʌmdɔg/ (n) /səˈluː.ʃən/ (n) /sɒlv/ (v) /speis/ (n) 83 Page 83 : Mật độ dân số : bệnh tật : Đa dạng : hạn hán : thu nhập, tiền lương : giáo dục : Kết : điện : đặc biệt : thành lập : trải nghiệm : Bùng nổ : Chợ trời : chăm sóc sức khỏe : vô gia cư : vô gia cư : Sự đói khát : tưởng tượng : nhập cư : tăng : vấn đề : tiêu chuẩn sống : Chính, chủ yếu, lớn : Bệnh suy dinh dưỡng : Thành phố lớn : khu vực lân cận : dinh dưỡng : Q đơng đúc : bùng nổ dân số : hòa bình : : nghèo : Sự nghèo đói : : yên tĩnh : thật, thực : giảm : tương đối : yêu cầu : thiếu hụt : Khu ổ chuột : Kẻ sống khu ổ chuột : giải pháp : giải : Không gian spacious spread square kilometer stressful suffer support violence visitor wealthy TEXTBOOK GETTING STARTED 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 /'speiʃəs/ (Adj) : Rộng rãi /spred/ (v) : lan rộng, mở rộng /skweər/ /kəˈlɑm·ətt̬·ər, ˈkɪl·əˌmitt̬·ər/ (n) ki lô mét vuông /ˈstres.fəl/ (adj) : căng thẳng /ˈsʌf.ər/ (v) : chịu đựng /səˈpɔːt/ (v) : ủng hộ /ˈvaɪə.ləns/ (n) : bạo lực /ˈvɪz.ɪ.tər/ (n) : du khách /ˈwel.θi/ (adj) : giàu có A holiday story Nam: Welcome back, Phuong! Brazil is amazing, isn’t it? Phuong: It is, Nam, and it’s very diverse! Nam: What you mean? Phuong: The beaches in the south are so peaceful, while cities like Rio are overcrowded Nam: What about the people? Phuong: In Rio some people are wealthy, with high living standards But there are also poor people who live in slums Nam: Life must be difficult in the slums Phuong: Yes, the slums are overcrowded, and crime is a major problem there Nam: Crime affects everyone in the city, doesn’t it? Phuong: It does, Nam But there are probably other problems in the slums too, like disease, and poor healthcare, Nam: Wow, did you see that yourself? Phuong: No, visitors don’t usually visit the slums It’s too dangerous Nam: There are probably fewer things to see and to in the slums, aren’t there? Phuong: Yes However, I love Brazil and I had a very good time there Nam: Sure, it’s a real experience, isn’t it? Phuong: It is a Read the conversation again, and tick () true (T) or false (F) T F Phuong thinks Brazil is interesting   Places in Brazil are very different   Rio’s problems are only in the slums   It is not safe for tourists to visit the slums   Nam thinks Phuong’s visit to Brazil is not worthwhile   b Read the conversation again Find a word or phrase to match the following very different rich big or small small houses in bad condition where poor people live bad action against the community 84 Page 84 Match the words in the box with the pictures Then read the words A CLOSER LOOK Vocabulary Listen and number the words in the order you hear them Crime  healthcare  disease  poverty  Shortage  malnutrition space  dense   Complete the sentences with some of the words from 1 Good _ helps people to stay healthy, and to live longer When people need money badly, they may commit spreads more quickly in overcrowded areas _ is the major cause of death for children living in the slums In most big cities there are many wealthy people, but is still a problem Match a cause with its effect Cause Effect poverty a not enough space overpopulation b crime not enough food c air pollution shortage of clean water d disease too many vehicles e drought no rain f malnutrition Pronunciation Word stress Mark (') the stress in the words Spacious pollution Stressful hungry Increase support Shortage disease A CLOSER LOOK Grammar poverty nutrition violence healthcare 85 Page 85 Comparisons of quantifiers: more, less/fewer Read the sentences Children in the slums have more disease than those in wealthy areas The countryside has fewer problems than a big city Comparisons of quantifiers > Traffic, pollution, food … More _ than Problems, solutions … < Less nutrition, clean water … _ than Fewer diseases, criminals … 2a Read the information about two cities b Read the comparisons of the two cities, and decide if they are true If they are not, correct them In Brumba, there are more people per square kilometre 86 Page 86 In Brumba, fewer people live in slums People in Crystal earn less per day More people in Crystal have enough food In Brumba, fewer children over ten go to school Fill the sentences with more, less or fewer February has days than January Overpopulation is causing problems than we can imagine Big cities suffer pollution than the countryside A teacher needs calories than a farmer A healthy child requires _ care than a sick one Remember! A tag question is a short question It follows a statement It’s added at the end, after a comma Overpopulation is a serious problem, isn’t it? You haven’t bought the ticket, have you? Most children want to have the freedom to what they want, don’t they? Note: A positive sentence has a negative tag (câu khẳng định dùng câu hỏi đuôi phủ định) A negative sentence has a positive tag (câu phủ định dùng câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định) Check if the tags are correct If they are not, correct them You live in the countryside, you? Immigration causes overpopulation in big cities, isn't it? The city will have to find a solution to reduce traffic jams, won’t it? The lives of people in overcrowded cities are getting more difficult, aren't they? Lower death rate is one reason for population growth, is it? These narrow streets can’t support more traffic, can’t they? Complete the interview with the tags in the box Is it can’t we don’t they isn’t it Interviewer: Overcrowded places have a lot of problems, (1) ? Guest speaker: Sure Traffic jams, pollution, noise … Interviewer: Traffic jam is the most serious problem, (2) ? Guest speaker: Not really We can see homeless people in many places in big cities, (3) ? The city cannot build enough houses for all of its people Interviewer: So they live wherever they can, under a bridge, in a deserted house Guest speaker: Yes, and some of them become criminals Interviewer: This shortage of accommodation is not easy to solve, (4) ? Guest speaker: No, it isn’t SKILLS Reading Read the passage Choose the correct heading for each paragraph A Issues for everyone C Problems for the poor B Population explosion D Which are the biggest? The rise of megacities! 87 Page 87 Chances are, you are reading this article in a big city Population growth is far faster than ever before and that is especially true in cities like Tokyo and Shanghai People from the countryside move to cities to find work and a better standard of living These cities are so large they have been named megacities The largest is Tokyo, followed by Shanghai, Jakarta, and Manila Some way behind is London, with a relatively small 15 million people However, life in cities is not always better Homelessness is a big problem When people have homes, they are often in slums where disease and poor healthcare are problems Problems affect richer people too Traffic blocks roads for hours in cities like Bangkok and Mexico City Air pollution is so bad in some cities that people not want to go out Read the passage again and choose the best answer A, B, or C The world’s population is A growing slowly B staying the same C growing quickly Tokyo has people A below 15 million B around 15 million C much more than 15 million Problems in big cities affect A poor people B people who live in slums C everyone Some problem that poor people face in cities include A traffic and air pollution B healthy problems and stress C having no home or living in slums When air pollution is bad, people A only go out at night B don’t go out C move to smaller cities Writing Read the passage about the slum featured in ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ Underline the words/phrases to describe Dharavi slum and to show the changes in its population Dharavi slum is in India It is one of the largest slums in the world Today, the population of Dharavi is over one million That is much bigger than in 1890 Then Dharavi was a fishing village with a population of a few thousand people In 1950 the population was around one hundred thousand people Since then, Dharavi has grown and grown! Look at the chart below It shows the population change in Ho Chi Minh City over the past 30 years Write a short paragraph describing the change Use the passage in to help you 88 Page 88 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ LOOKING BACK Vocabulary Match the words with their definitions overcrowded poor peaceful A too many people B to have very little money 89 Page 89 spacious busy C calm and quiet D a large area where it is easy to move E a lot of things happening Write a sentence for each of the following words Example: Crime is a problem in big cities Crime Healthcare Disease Poverty Education Grammar Put an appropriate tag question at the end of each sentences Then match the questions to their answers Questions Answers We have more tourists this year, _? a No, there are fewer than last year! You got stuck in a traffic jam on the way home, b Yes, they do, particularly big cities in China _, Mum? There will be a solution to this shortage of clean c I hope there will water, ? We should something to reduce poverty, d Yes, we should But how? _? Big cities suffer more from air pollution, ? e Yes, as always, dear Look at the situations and complete the effects with more, fewer or less Situation A new factory will be built in my neighbourhood The factory will bring jobs to local people people will move here to work in the factory These people will need water and electricity There will be space for children to play REVIEW (UNIT 10-11-12) LANGUAGE Pronunciation Listen to the conversation and mark the rising () or falling () intonation for each question Nick: Phong The idea of riding to school on a monowheel is so exciting Phong: What’s a monowheel? Nick: It’s a single-wheel bike 90 Page 90 Phong: Single-wheel? How you ride it? Nick: You just sit inside the wheel and pedal Phong: Hm …! Is it easy to fall? Nick: I suppose so, but you should take adventures, shouldn’t you? Phong: No, not me Why you like it? Nick: Can’t you imagine? I can see people looking at me with admiration Wow! Vocabulary Form a suitable word from the word stem to fill the sentences Have you found a to that math Solve problem? Natural sources cannot provide enough money to Crowd support this _ world Do you know that we have cars? They Drive don’t need a driver Of all the in the world, which one you like best? Invent Playing outside is than staying health outside Choose A, B, or C to complete sentences In Mongolia, dung is a kind of _ People use it for cooking and heating A energy source B footprint C accommodation To save money, we learn to some daily products like coca cola bottles A keep B reuse C produce In the green future, vehicles will be powered by A solar energy B coal C gas I am dreaming of a , which can take me to another place in seconds in any weather A three-wheel bicycle B teleporter C sport car Clean water which is through pipes is called piped water A supplied B given C run Grammar Use the verbs in brackets in the future simple active (will do) or the future simple passive (will be done) to complete the sentences Children to school in a jet pack (fly) Solar panels to produce energy (use) All the slums in this area _ for new multi-storey buildings (demolish) We _ robots to help us with some our housework (have) I hope someone _ a machine to homework for me (invent) Everyday English Put the sentences in the right order to form a conversation _ a On a tree? _ b Maybe But that’s my DREAM _1 _ c Phong, tell me your dream 91 Page 91 _ d Slow but you can save energy And my house is not far from school _ e And will you still go to school? _ f Sure But not on a crowded bus I’ll pedal to school on a monowheel _ g I will have a small wooden house on a tree _ h A monowheel is slow _ i Yes, where I can be away from noise and I can hear birds singing _ j You sound unrealistic SKILLS Reading HUNGER Which of the cause of hunger below you think is the most serious in your country? Tick () it  Overpopulation  Wars  Weather-related disasters Read the text and choose the best answer for each question Hunger has become a serious problem in many parts of the world The first cause of hunger is the fast growth of population The Earth is no longer able to feed its more than seven billion people There is not enough land for growing food The change of climate also brings to the Earth more weather-related disasters such as storms and droughts … They heavily destroy crops Wars are still happening People are fighting, or running away from home There’s nobody to work on the field or in the factory to produce food Technology is working hard to help solve part of this problem In the future, we will have warning systems to reduce the loss from natural disasters Low-cost means of transport will also be used to carry food to area-inneed Drought is an example of _ A weather-related disasters B a human activities C climate One possible consequence of a war is that _ A people will buy food from other countries B people cannot work to produce food C more disasters will happen The problem of hunger can be solved with the help of _ A expensive means of transport B technology C wars Writing Imagine an ideal means of transport for YOUR area Write a short description of it In your writing, you should mention: • The name you give to it • What it is like • What kind of energy it uses • Why it is good for your area 92 Page 92 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 93 Page 93 ... disliking ( Động từ u thích/ khơng thích) - like, love, enjoy, fancy, adore (rất thích) - dislike, hate, detest (rất ghét) * Chú ý: Động từ theo sau động từ yêu thích hay khơng thích ln dạng V-ing... Danh từ đếm (countable N) không đếm (uncountable N) Danh từ không đếm được: Là N đem cân, đo, đong, đếm Eg Water, sugar, milk, soap, bread, time, tea, meat, money, coffee, beef, chocolate Danh... - Thông thường ta thêm “s” vào sau danh từ số it để thành danh từ số nhiều Eg: chair - chairs; girl - girls; dog – dogs - Ngoại từ trường hợp sau: + Những danh từ tận O, X, S, Z, CH, SH Z lấy