Basic College Basic College A Student Success Story Mathematics SECOND EDITION Mathematics Middlesex County College (Edison, NJ) achieved an 80% pass rate in their developmental mathematics course, an increase of 29% in student retention, using Miller/O’Neill/Hyde and ALEKS! Success Rates at Middlesex County College In spring semester 2008, Middlesex County to achieve a pass rate of 79% Pass Rates before Miller/O’Neill/Hyde & ALEKS Pass Rates with Traditional Textbook & Online Homework Manager Pass Rates using Miller/O’Neill/Hyde & ALEKS 20 30 40 50 60 70 ALEKS has enabled our students to grow in both proficiency and understanding of the fundamental concepts needed to succeed in developmental math courses I am delighted with how our students have embraced this learning tool —Maria DeLucia, Chair, Middlesex County College 80 ] GET BETTER RESULTS with Miller/O’Neill/Hyde + ALEKS! ALEKS (Assessment and LEarning in Knowledge Spaces) is an artificial intelligence-based system for mathematics learning, available online 24/7 individually and class-wide MD DALIM #980597 08/30/08 CYAN MAG YELO BLK [ 10 Miller O’Neill Hyde In fall semester 2007, 308 Middlesex students piloted ALEKS in their developmental course sequence with pass rate of 80%, whereas the remaining sections, using only an online homework system, resulted in a 51% pass rate Go to www.aleks.com/highered/math to learn more and register! ISBN 978-0-07-340611-4 MHID 0-07-340611-2 Part of ISBN 978-0-07-728113-7 MHID 0-07-728113-6 www.mhhe.com SECOND EDITION Miller O’Neill Hyde miL58061_fm_i-xxviii.indd Page i 9/4/08 3:20:06 PM user Basic College SECOND EDITION Julie Miller Daytona State College Molly O’Neill Daytona State College Nancy Hyde Formerly of Broward College miL58061_fm_i-xxviii.indd Page ii 9/4/08 3:20:07 PM user BASIC COLLEGE MATHEMATICS, SECOND EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020 Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Previous edition © 2007 No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States This book is printed on acid-free paper DOW/DOW ISBN 978–0–07–340611–4 MHID 0–07–340611–2 ISBN 978–0–07–335806–2 (Annotated Instructor’s Edition) MHID 0–07–335806–1 Editorial Director: Stewart K Mattson Senior Sponsoring Editor: David Millage Director of Development: Kristine Tibbetts Senior Developmental Editor: Emilie J Berglund Marketing Manager: Victoria Anderson Lead Project Manager: Peggy J Selle Senior Production Supervisor: Sherry L Kane Lead Media Project Manager: Stacy A Patch Designer: Laurie B Janssen Cover Illustration: Imagineering Media Services, Inc Lead Photo Research Coordinator: Carrie K Burger Supplement Producer: Mary Jane Lampe Compositor: Aptara®, Inc Typeface: 10/12 Times Ten Roman Printer: R R Donnelley Willard, OH The credits section for this book begins on page C-1 and is considered an extension of the copyright page Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Miller, Julie, 1962– Basic college mathematics / Julie Miller, Molly O’Neill, Nancy Hyde — 2nd ed p cm Includes index ISBN 978–0–07–340611–4 — ISBN 0–07–340611–2 (hard copy : alk paper) ISBN 978–0–07–335806–2 — ISBN 0–07–335806–1 (inst ed : hard copy : alk paper) Mathematics—Textbooks I O’Neill, Molly, 1953– II Hyde, Nancy III Title QA37.3.M55 2009 510—dc22 2008019841 www.mhhe.com miL58061_fm_i-xxviii.indd Page iii 9/4/08 3:20:07 PM user Letter from the Authors Julie, Molly, and Nancy: “Dedicated to Getting Better Results” Dear Colleagues, We originally embarked on this textbook project because we were seeing a lack of student success in our developmental math sequence In short, we were not getting the results we wanted from our students with the materials and textbooks that we were using at the time The primary goal of our project was to create teaching and learning materials that would get better results At Daytona State College, our students were instrumental in helping us develop the clarity of writing, the step-by-step examples, and the pedagogical elements, such as Avoiding Mistakes, Concept Connections, and Problem Recognition Exercises, found in our textbooks When our text and course redesign were implemented at Daytona State College in 2006, our student success rates in developmental courses improved by 20% We think you will agree that these are the kinds of results we are all striving for in developmental mathematics courses This project has been a true collaboration with our Board of Advisors and colleagues in developmental mathematics around the country We have been truly humbled by those of you who adopted the first edition and the over 400 colleagues around the country who partnered with us providing valuable feedback and suggestions through reviews, symposia, focus groups, and being on our Board of Advisors You partnered with us to create materials that will help students get better results For that we are immeasurably grateful As an author team, we have an ongoing commitment to provide the best possible materials for instructors and students With your continued help and suggestions we will continue the quest to help all of our students get better results Sincerely, Julie Miller millerj@DaytonaState.edu Molly O’Neill oneillm@DaytonaState.edu Nancy Hyde nhyde@montanasky.com iii miL58061_fm_i-xxviii.indd Page iv 9/4/08 3:20:13 PM user About the Authors Julie Miller Julie Miller has been on the faculty of the Mathematics Department at Daytona State College for 19 years, where she has taught developmental and upper level courses Prior tto her work at Daytona State College, she worked as a software enggineer for General Electric in the area of flight and radar simulattion Julie earned a bachelor of science in applied mathematics from Union College in Schenectady, New York, and a master of science in U mathematics from the University of Florida In addition to this textm book, she has authored several course supplements for college algeb bra, trigonometry, and precalculus, as well as several short works of b ffiction and nonfiction for young readers “My father is a medical researcher, and I got hooked on math aand science when I was young and would visit his laboratory I can remember usin using graph paper to plot data points for his experiments and doing simple calculations He would then tell me what the peaks and features in the graph meant in the context of his experiment I think that applications and hands-on experience made math come alive for me and I’d like to see math come alive for my students.” —Julie Miller Molly O’Neill Molly O’Neill is also from Daytona State College, where she has taught for 21 years in the Mathematics Department She has taught a variety of courses from developmental mathematics to calculus Before she came to Floro iida, Molly taught as an adjunct instructor at the University of Michigan–Dearborn, Eastern Michigan University, Wayne State M University, and Oakland Community College Molly earned U a bachelor of science in mathematics and a master of arts and tteaching from Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan Besides this textbook, she has authored several course M ssupplements for college algebra, trigonometry, and precalculus aand has reviewed texts for developmental mathematics “I differ from many of my colleagues in that math was not aalways easy for me But in seventh grade I had a teacher who ttaught me that if I follow the rules of mathematics, even I could ssolve math problems Once I understood this, I enjoyed math to the point of choosin choosing it for my career I now have the greatest job because I get to math everyday and I have the opportunity to influence my students just as I was influenced Authoring these texts has given me another avenue to reach even more students.” —Molly O’Neill iv miL58061_fm_i-xxviii.indd Page v 9/4/08 3:20:15 PM user Nancy Hyde served as a full-time faculty member of the Mathematics Department at Broward College for 24 years During this time she taught the full spectrum of courses from developmental math through differential equations She received a bachelor of science degree in math education from Florida State University and master’s degree in math education from Florida Atlantic University She has conducted workshops and seminars for both students and teachers on the use of technology in the classroom In addition to this textbook, she has authored a graphing calculator supplement for College Algebra “I grew up in Brevard County, Florida, where my father worked at Cape Canaveral I was always excited by mathematics and physics in relation to the space program As I studied higher levels off mathematics I became more intrigued by its abstract nature and infinite possibilities It is enjoyable and rewarding to convey this perspective to students while helping them to understand mathematics.” Nancy Hyde —Nancy Hyde Dedication To Jonas, Erica, Nicolas, and Max —Julie Miller In memory of my mother, Doris —Molly O’Neill To my friends and colleagues at Broward College —Nancy Hyde v miL58061_fm_i-xxviii.indd Page vi 9/4/08 3:20:17 PM user Get Better Results with Miller/O’Neill/Hyde About the Cover A mosaic is made up of pieces placed together to create a unified whole Similarly, a basic math course provides an array of materials that together create a solid mathematical foundation for the developmental mathematics student The Miller/O’Neill/Hyde developmental mathematics series helps students to see the whole picture through the better pedagogy and supplemental materials In the second edition of their developmental mathematics series, Julie Miller, Molly O’Neill, and Nancy Hyde focused their efforts on guiding students successfully through core topics to build students’ mathematical proficiency and to get better results “We originally embarked on this textbook project because we were seeing a lack of student success in courses beyond our developmental sequence We wanted to build a better bridge between developmental algebra and higher level math courses Our goal has been to develop pedagogical features to help students achieve better results in mathematics.” —Julie Miller, Molly O’Neill, Nancy Hyde vi miL58061_fm_i-xxviii.indd Page vii 9/4/08 3:20:23 PM user Get Better Results How Will Miller/O’Neill/Hyde Help Your Students Get Better Results? Better Clarity, Quality, and Accuracy Julie Miller, Molly O’Neill, and Nancy Hyde know what students need to be successful in mathematics Better results come from clarity in their exposition, quality of step-by-step worked examples, and accuracy of their exercise sets, but it takes more than just great authors to build a textbook series ries “The authors’ writing style is very straight to help students achieve success in mathematics Our forward and easy to follow The level of authors worked with a strong mathematical team of formality is just right for this level of math instructors from around the country to ensure clarity, course.” quality, and accuracy —Lynette King, Gadsden State College Better Exercise Sets! A comprehensive set of exercises are available for every student level Julie Miller, Molly O’Neill, and Nancy Hyde worked with a national board of advisors from across the country to ensure the series will offer the appropriate depth and breadth of exercises for your students New to this edition, Problem Recognition Exercises were created in direct response to student need and resulted in improved student performance on tests Our exercise sets help students progress from skill development to conceptual understanding Student tested and instructor approved, the Miller/O’Neill/Hyde exercise sets will help your students get better results ▶ Problem Recognition Exercises ▶ Skill Practice Exercises ▶ Study Skills Exercises ▶ Mixed Exercises ▶ Expanding Your Skills Exercises “I think that of all the textbooks that I have seen (or evaluated) they (MOH) have by far the most comprehensive sets of exercises at every level (skill-based, study skills, etc.).” —Juan Jimenez, Springfield Technical Community College Better Step-By-Step Pedagogy! The second edition provides enhanced step-by-step learning tools available to help students get better results ▶ Worked Examples provide an “easy-to-understand” approach, clearly guiding each student through a step-by-step approach to master each practice exercise for better comprehension ▶ TIPS offer students extra cautious direction to help improve understanding through hints and further insight ▶ Avoiding Mistakes boxes alert students to common errors and provide practical ways to avoid them These learning aids will help students get better results by learning how to work through a problem using a clearly defined step-by-step methodology that has been classtested and student approved “Miller/O’Neill/Hyde has a very good pedagogy that is student-friendly It has a plethora of problems and variety of them It allows success for all students.” —Mark Marino, Erie Community College vii miL58061_fm_i-xxviii.indd Page viii 12/10/08 3:57:47 PM user-s198 /Users/user-s198/Desktop/MHBR094-APP-B Formula for Student Success Step-by-Step Worked Examples ▶ Do you get the feeling that there is a disconnect between your students classwork and homework? ▶ Do your students have trouble finding worked examples that match the practice exercises? ▶ Wouldn’t you like your students to see examples in the textbook that match the ones you use in class? Miller/O’Neill/Hyde’s worked examples offer a clear, concise methodology that replicates the mathematical processes used in the authors’ classroom lectures! “In the year we’ve used this text I’ve noticed that students seem to be able to learn the material without difficulties I attribute a lot of that to the fact the text contains examples that are worked out clearly and able to follow.” PROCEDURE Solving a Proportion Step Set the cross products equal to each other Step Divide both sides of the equation by the number being multiplied by the variable Step Check the solution in the original proportion —Rod Oberdick, Durham Tech Comm Coll Example Applying a Proportion to Environmental Environ Science Skill Practice To estimate the number of fish in a lake, the park service catches 50 fish and tags them After several months the park service catches a sample of 100 fish and finds that are tagged Approximately how many fish are in the lake? A biologist wants to estimate the number of elk in a wildlife preserve She sedates 25 elk and clips a small radio transmitter onto the ear of each animal The elk return to the wild, and after months, the biologist studies a sample of 120 elk in the preserve Of the 120 elk sampled, have radio transmitters Approximately how many elk are in the whole preserve? Solution: “All of the worked examples are good and easy to understand There are plenty of examples given Sample Population populaatio onAlso, it appears that there is at least one example number off elk in the population 25 o transmitters with radio for each different particular type of exercise in ϭ n 120 n the population total elk in each section—very good” Let n represent the number of elk in the whole preserve number of elk in the sample with radio transmitters total elk in the sample ؒ n ϭ 112021252 Equate the cross products —Susan Haley, Florence-Darlington Technical College 4n ϭ 3000 3000 4n ϭ 4 Divide both sides by n ϭ 750 Divide 3000 Ϭ ϭ 750 “Miller/O’Neill/Hyde presents each concept in There are approximately 750 elk in the wildlife preserve eserve clear language Multiple examples covering various forms of problems are included and explained step by step.” —Susan Harrison, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire viii miL58061_fm_i-xxviii.indd Page ix 9/4/08 3:20:29 PM user Get Better Results Better Learning Tools Avoiding Mistakes Boxes Avoiding Mistakes boxes are integrated throughout the textbook to alert students to common errors and how to avoid them ϭ Simplify to lowest terms ϭ Notice that when adding fractions, we not add the denominators We add only the numerators 7ϩ2ϩ1 ϩ ϩ ϭ 15 15 15 15 b “Loving these—students make so many mental mistakes we are not always mindful of, so these were very intentionally placed and beneficial to learners.” Avoiding Mistakes Add the numerators ϭ 10 15 Write the sum over the common denominator ϭ Simplify to lowest terms —Sharon Morrison, St Petersburg College TIP: To use the prefix line effectively, you must know the order of the metric prefixes Sometimes a mnemonic (memory device) can help Consider the following sentence The first letter of each word represents one of the metric prefixes kids have doughnuts until dad calls mom kilo- hecto- deka- unit deci- centi- milli- represents p the main unitt of measurement u uni un (meter, (me (m meter meter ter,, lliter, or gram) m)) Tips Boxes Teaching Tips are usually only revealed in the classroom Not anymore Tip boxes offer students helpful hints and extra direction to help improve understanding and further insight “I think that one of the best features of this chapter (and probably will continue throughout the text) is the tip section I like that the students are warned in advance of common errors that can be made before they start working the problems I also think that the tips are great to remind the instructors of the type of issues that arise when the students are working through their homework.” —Ena Salter, Manatee Community College Concept Connection Boxes “This feature is one of my favorite parts in the textbook It is useful when trying to get students to think critically about types of problems.” Concept Connections help students understand the conceptual meaning of are solving—a vital skill in mathematics the problems they ar Concept Connections From Figure 7-2, determine how many cups are in gal From Figure 7-2, determine how many pints are in gal —Sue Duff, Guilford Technical Community College fl oz ϭ cup (c) pint (pt) quart (qt) gallon (gal) Figure 7-2 ix miL58061_andx_I1-I9.qxd 9/5/08 2:22 PM Page I-4 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net I-4 Application Index Consumer Applications Additional amount needed for purchase, 29 Advertised sale prices, 303 Amount of bleach and soap added to laundry, 186 Amount of cheese purchased, 179 Amount of Coke in case, 49 Amount of downpayment, 142 Amount of fruit juice in drink, 366 Amount of juice in bottle, 459 Amount of ketchup remaining, 526 Amount of material needed, 527 Amount of meat purchased, 179 Amount of money needed to purchase flowers, 29 Amount of nuts remaining, 206 Amount of oil remaining in tank, 184 Amount of pizza needed for party, 526 Amount of product in package, 436 Amount of punch available per person, 639 Amount of ribbon needed, 417 Amount of ribbon remaining on roll, 417 Amount of sandwich remaining, 331 Apartment rent and security deposit, 673 Area covered by ceiling fan blades, 502 Area illumined by lamp, 502 Area of picture and frame, 287 Area of picture matting, 485 Average cost of car wash, 68 Average cost of merchandise, 276, 561 Average electric bill, 91 Average price of house, 554, 555 Average price of items, 560 Average price of movie tickets, 581 Average price per pound of product, 68 Average speed in miles per hour, 274 Bills needed to pay for purchase, 79 Book sales, 303 Brochure enlargement, 330 Bulk purchase price comparison, 245 Calorie content, 305 Capacity of a bottle, 461 Capacity of coffee cup, 440 Capacity of gas can, 440 Capacity of oil bottle, 436 Capacity of rice bag, 436 Capacity of water bottle, 436 Carbohydrate content of soda, 304 Car unit conversions, 451 Cell phone bill, 682 Cell phone charges, 274, 671, 673 Chair purchase planning, 59 Champagne consumption in France, 244 Change due from purchase, 28, 79, 274 Checkbook balance, 78, 231, 235, 586, 601, 628 Checking account balance, 629 Chocolate consumption, 149 Coca-Cola sales, 244 Combination package price comparison, 286 Comparing area of pizzas, 525 Comparing cost of items, 285, 424, 445, 639, 673 Comparing gas prices, 338 Comparing unit costs, 300–301 Comparison of money, 311 Concert ticket purchase for group, 59 Cost of brick border, 150 Cost of carpeting room, 78 Cost of cleaning service, 59 Cost of collectible glasses, 526 Cost of commuting, 150 Cost of fencing yard, 77, 92 Cost of flooring, 304 Cost of items, 634, 639 Cost of items compared, 285, 424, 450, 669 Cost of items individually vs set, 672 Cost of land, 132 Cost of landscaping, 92 Cost of long distance call, 285 Cost of molding, 74, 77 Cost of standard lightbulb, 255 Cost of TVs compared, 669–670 Cost per minute of long distance calls, 673 Cost per roll of film, 285 Cost to tile room, 77 Credit card balance, 608 Cups of orange juice in container, 141 Cutting proportional lengths of weather stripping, 672 Dessert purchase planning, 56 Diameter of a pocket watch, 523 Difference in height between desk and chair, 459 Discount rate, 377, 378 Discount rate and sale price of movie, 402 Discounts, 372–373, 377, 398, 405 Distance to gas station, 422 Distance to work, 422 Dividing an inheritance, 76, 149, 205, 274, 276 Dividing a restaurant check, 252 Dividing crackers into smaller packages, 631 Dividing lottery winnings, 304 Dividing photos among family members, 91 Dividing pizzas evenly among group, 50, 53 Electric bill charges, 683 Estimated monthly payments, 288 Estimating cost of hotel stay, 48 Fraction of cake given to friend, 123 Fraction of candy bar remaining, 206 Fraction of gas remaining in tank, 103 Fraction of homes not for sale, 104 Fraction of photographs put into album, 161 Frequent flier miles earned from purchases, 671 Gallons of soda, 458 Gas mileage calculation, 270 Gasoline pounds, 244 Gas price comparisons, 338 Gas price increase, 404 Gas price per gallon, 254 Gas price trends, 534 Gas remaining in tank, 132 Gas usage, 288 Heating oil price increase, 379–380 Height ladder will reach, 524 Income taxes paid, 205, 357 Increase in vegetable pounds, 328 Insurance co-pay amount, 601 Insurance payment amount, 601 Interest paid on loan, 386, 391, 399, 405 Interest paid on mortgage, 276, 407 Legal fees paid, 271 Length of car, 422 Length of ribbon pieces, 415, 639 Length of table, 431 Markup, 373–374, 378, 398, 526 Material needed for curtains, 432 Measurement of a picture frame, 293–294 Mileage calculation, 77 Miles driven during year, 70 Miles per gallon, 311, 526 Money expended on DVDs in the US, 244 Money made from magazine sales, 682 Money received from selling used CDs, 78 Money remaining after purchase, 25, 78 Monthly budget analysis, 549–550 Monthly cost of health insurance, 561 Monthly payment calculation, 72–73, 77, 255, 304 Months remaining on mortgage, 255 Mortgage amount, 276 Most commonly stolen car, 244 Newspaper discarding, 331 Number of CDs purchased from budget, 78 Number of days lightbulb lasts, 255 Number of glasses of punch in jug, 684 Number of laundry loads done with detergent bottle, 60 Number of parents saving for child’s college, 366 Number of pieces that can be cut from a roll of ribbon, 160 Number of sodas remaining, 21 Oil consumption, 76 miL58061_andx_I1-I9.qxd 9/4/08 10:11 PM Page I-5 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net Application Index Original price of used book, 402 Painting length to width ratio, 295 Percentage of car shoppers affected by gas price, 358 Percentage of take-home pay covers rent, 401 Percent decrease in commodity prices, 383 Percent decrease in heating bill, 383 Percent decrease in water, 383 Perimeter of photo, 213 Pet owner’s ratio of cats to dogs, 296 Price after discount, 285, 372–373, 377, 381, 382, 398, 632 Price after discount of laptop, 402 Price after discount of movie, 402 Price after discount of rug, 402 Price before tax, 370, 376 Price of computer and monitor, 673 Price of house, 562 Price per liter of gasoline, 440 Probability of airliner late arrival, 567 Probability of washing machine breaking, 567 Probability of winning prize, 57 Purchasing from a catalog, 277 Rate of gas mileage calculation, 299 Ratio of age group spending, 298 Ratio of gas prices, 295 Ratio of soda to juice in refrigerator, 326 Refrigerator cost, 254 Remodeling the classroom, 452 Rental car charges, 673 Retail price, 373–374, 378, 382, 398 Sale price, 377, 378, 382 Sales tax calculation, 328, 369, 402 Sales tax paid, 375, 398, 405 Sales tax rate, 375, 376, 398, 402, 405, 462 Saving from discount, 327, 381, 382 Savings account interest, 591 Savings from driving smaller car, 256 Savings from package deal, 285 Savings from sale, 285 Settlement amount after legal fees, 271 Simple interest earned on savings account, 385 Souvenir purchase planning, 91 Sugar content of soda, 304 Table dimensions, 682 Tables needed for wedding reception, 59 Television cost, 367 Time elapsed before medication and bandage changing time align, 177 Tip calculation, 359 Tire prices compared, 245 Tire tread lost to wear, 183 Total amount of checks written, 18 Total amount paid on loan, 386, 391, 399, 405 Total amount spent, 359, 363 Total cost after tax, 373–375, 381, 382, 402 Total cost of merchandise, 245 Total cost of zoo tickets for group, 78 Total doses of cat medication, 78 Total food bill, 245 Total hotel bill, 274 Total length of ribbon used, 460 Total miles driven, 274 Total monthly expenses, 14 Total number of eggs purchased, 38 Total price with taxes, 378 Total shipping cost, 244 Total simple interest earned, 391, 392 Total value of account with compound interest earned, 392, 393 Total water in bottles, 440 Total weekly pay, 79 Total weight of boxes, 420–422 Towing capacity of SUVs, 215 Typing per minute, 303 Typing words per minute, 299–300 Unit conversions, 420, 433, 438–439, 442, 458 Unit cost, 300, 304, 306, 313, 327, 329, 406 Unit cost comparison, 301–302 Unit cost of gasoline, 450 Unit prices, 324 Units of cat food, 450 Volume of briefcase, 525 Volume of ice cream on cone, 512 Volume of microwave oven, 523 Volume of wading pool, 525 Volume of water held by birdbath, 512 Waste production in the US, 241 Weight of SUV, 451 Width of photo mat, 78 Width of picture frame, 431 Width of printing area, 197 Width to length ratio of width, 297 Yards of material needed, 206 Yearly cost, 377 Cooking Amount of cooking liquid, 460 Amount of ingredient required, 527 Amount of pizza eaten, 132 Cookies that can be made from available ingredients, 137 Cooking for company, 151 Increase of recipe size, 147 Number of pizza slices make whole pie, 100 Pie ingredients, 311 Pounds of grapes needed for winemaking, 59 Ratio of flour to sugar, 294 Reducing size of recipe, 215 I-5 Salad dressing remaining, 169 Sugar needed for cookie recipe, 105 Temperature of cake after baking, 287 Unit conversions, 421, 424, 440, 450 Volume of icing bag, 508 Distance/Speed/Time Acceleration of cars compared, 205 Amount of gas consumed on trip, 76 Amount of gas needed for trip, 72 Area covered by eye of Hurricane Katrina, 502 Area of Colorado, 49 Average acceleration, 205 Average distance traveled, 289 Average flight time of airline route, 559 Average speed calculation, 59, 304 Average speed estimation, 55–56 Average speed in miles per hour, 274 Comparison of days, 311 Cruising altitude of jet, Daytona 500 speeds compared, 226 Distance between cities, 431, 438 Distance between cities from map, 314–315 Distance between highway exits, 461 Distance between lightposts, 450 Distance between two cities, 70–71 Distance between two cities, from map, 79, 319, 632 Distance between two travelers, 76 Distance comparison, 312 Distance from Earth to the Moon, 35 Distance in miles, 460 Distance of bus route, 236 Distance of triathlon, 197 Distance run by home run hitter, 20 Distance run by set of runners, 544 Distance run in marathon, 271 Distance swam, 428 Distance to gas station, 422 Distance to work, 422 Distance traveled, 303 Distance traveled between gas fillups, 270 Distance traveled by swimmer, 477–478 Distance traveled on a trip, 270 Fastest route calculation, 73–74, 77 Length of a race, 461 Length of interstate, Marathon length, 459 Marathon times, 420 Miles driven during week, 92 Miles driven during year, 92 Miles driven on a trip, 274 Miles flown, 303 Miles per hour, 329 Miles remaining in trip, 286 miL58061_andx_I1-I9.qxd 9/4/08 10:11 PM Page I-6 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net I-6 Application Index Miles traveled, 303 Miles traveled per tank of gas, 49, 76, 313–314, 319, 331 Number of tanks of gas required for trip, 59 Race car speed, 324 Runner unit conversions, 458 Second and minute conversion, 329 Speed of aircraft, 300, 406 Speed of bird flight, 327 Speed of cars compared, 639 Speed of remote control car, 303 Speed of runner, 300–301 Speed of snail, 227 Time remaining in flight, 197 Time required to read book, 406 Time spend in commuting, 60, 206 Total biathlon/triathlon time, 423 Total distance between cities, 436 Total distance from starting point, 481 Total distance traveled, 18, 34, 168, 357, 440, 632 Total hours of trip, 76, 214 Total time run, 423 Unit conversions, 527 World record in 200-meter run, 252 World record in 400-meter run, 252 Education and School After-school activities analysis, 685 Age distribution of students, 577 Age of children, 578 Attendance at school play, 18 Average age of students, 65, 574 Average cost of textbooks, 276 Average enrollment in classes, 562 Average test scores, 65, 68, 93, 274, 560 Average time spent on math, 205 Bachelor’s degrees earned, by gender, 534 Cars waiting to pick up school children, 60 Children absent from class, 561 College expense analysis, 553 Difference in state enrollment in grades 6-12, 36 Education level, analysis of, 577 Education level in cities, 341 Enrollment change, 25, 327 Estimating cost of calculators for class, 5, 48 Fraction of assignments completed, 121 Fraction of class is made up of boys, 104 Fraction of correct exam answers, 631 Fraction of exams graded, 121 Fraction of females over 25, 139 Fraction of lower classmen in college, 187 Fraction of male out-of-state students, 162 Fraction of paper proofread, 158 Fraction of test questions correctly answered, 118, 158 Fraction of upper classmen in college, 187 Grade distribution of test, 561 Grade point average computation, 562, 581 Grade point averages analysis, 557 Hours of class per semester, 77 Median student-to-teacher ratio, 556 Minimum number of correct test answers needed, 365 Most common age of children, 562 Most common age of children participating in after-school sports, 557 Number of classrooms needed for course, 59 Number of classroom teachers, 367 Number of credit hours in school, 16 Number of elementary school teachers in US, 19 Number of freshmen in class, 354, 357 Number of pages read, 142 Number of participants in job placement program, 18 Number of sections needed for course, 76 Number of staff in US schools, 19 Number of students passing course, 364 Pages remaining to type, 365 Percentage of correct exam answers, 358 Points needed on test, 25 Portion of college cost paid by parents, 138–139 Probability a student lives in a dorm, 569 Probability of class member year in school, 565 Probability of student being late or early to class, 570 Ratio of male to female, 296, 319, 400 Ratio of students to advisers, 303 Retirement age of professors, 544 School construction costs paid by bond issue, 138 School construction costs paid by state, 138 Size of college class, 354, 358 State with largest/smallest enrollment in grades 6–12, 36 Student-computer ratio, 537 Student distribution by race and gender, 158, 159 Student-to-faculty ratios, 299, 329, 331 Teachers to students, 311 Test score analysis, 577 Time required to type paper, 582 Time spent on math, 205 Time spent studying, 330 Total cost of books for group, 90 Total cost of college, 76 Total cost of tickets for field trip, 78 Total enrollment in grades 6–12, 36 Total pages in paper, 365 Total pages typed, Total test scores, 13 Value of scholarship, 138 Weight of textbook, 424 Entertainment and Leisure Activities Amount of TV time used for commercials, 367, 460 Amount won on game show, 591 Area of IMAX screen, 242 Area of kite, 493 Area of Mona Lisa, 242 Book club total bill, 242 Card games with fractions, 208 Concert tour earnings of musicians, 36 Dog owner behavior, 341 Estimated total minutes on an iPod nano, 48 Estimating concert revenue, 48 Fraction of book read, 121 Gambling losses, 591, 630 Gross of Spiderman movie, 35 Hit records of bands compared, 672 Median number of albums sold, 560 Most common commercial length, 561 Movie budgets, 683 Movie gross comparisons, 235 Number of boxes on checkerboard, 77 Number of commercials that can be run, 142 Number of hits by songwriting teams, 29 Number of performances of Broadway musicals, 29 Number of playing cards dealt to each player, 55 Number of TV show viewers, 285 Number of viewers of TV shows, 18, 20 Number of viewers watched TV episode, 132 Number planning vacations on Internet, 366 Pattern for sewing scarf, 317 Percentage of Americans who entertain at home, 341, 348 Percentage of Americans who own pets, 359 Percentage of book read, 402 Percentage of TV time used for commercials, 340, 400 Percentage planning vacation on Internet, 338 Performances of Miss Saigon, 244 Platinum album comparison, 630 Pounds of cheese eaten, 206 Prize money distribution, 132 Probability of drawing specific card, 568 Probability of game chip selection, 322 miL58061_andx_I1-I9.qxd 9/4/08 10:11 PM Page I-7 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net Application Index Probability of horse winning race, 570 Probability of specific dice roll, 568, 581 Puzzles, Ratio of face cards to non-face cards, 327 Ratio of sailboats to total boats, 329 Tennis ball total bill, 242 Time spent playing with dog, 132 Total megabytes of CD storage, 48 Total movie earnings, 235 Total pages in book, 363 TV appearances, 682 Video game scores, 591 Viewer comparisons for soap operas, 551 Environment/Earth Science/Geography Altitude difference, 608 Amount of rainfall, 539 Amount of temperature drop, 25 Approximating area of Wyoming, 45 Area of Colorado, 49 Area of Lake Superior, Area of park, 358 Average earthquake intensity, 216 Average monthly temperatures, 557 Average rainfall, 68, 170, 275 Average snowfall, 68, 271–272, 274 Coldest temperature recorded, 623 Depth driller needs to drill, 29 Depth of Marianas Trench, 428 Difference in elevation, 605 Distance from Earth to the Moon, 35 Earthquake intensities compared, 216 Elevation, 459, 461, 591 Estimated forest coverage, 582 Estimating animal and fish populations, 320 Estimating animal populations, 314 Estimating fish populations, 314 Fish population, 330 Food needed by killer whales, 90 Fraction of constellations associated with astrology, 120 Garbage produced per week, 319 Height of giraffe, 431 Height of mountains, 3, 7, 76, 161, 428, 536, 580 Hurricane destruction analysis, 530–531 Land area of Alaska, Land area states compared, 30 Largest areas of rainforest, 34 Length of birds compared, 196 Lowest point in region, 432 Measurement of a snowy egret, 461 Median rainfall, 556 Miles Earth travels, 256 Most common average monthly temperatures, 557 Most common number of hazardous waste sites per state, 561 Number of animals in zoos compared, 92 Number of beehives in the US, 244 Number of tigers in wild, 533 Number of trees in forest, 462 Orbits of the moon, 418 Panther population in Florida, 363 Percentage change in national park attendance, 390 Percentage increase in endangered species, 403 Percentage of acreage planted in corn, 340 Percentage of Earth covered by water, 367 Percentage of electricity generated by nuclear power, 341 Percentage of forest coverage, 366, 406 Percentage of panthers in park, 366 Perimeter of canyon, 184 Plant blooms, 303 Production of pounds of C02, 244 Rainfall, 580 Rainfall per month, 358 Rain per hour, 303 Ratio of temperature increase, 297 Snow base increase, 193 Snowfall calculation, 353 Snowfall in cities compared, 213 Speed of cheetah vs antelope, 305 Speed of Earth, 256 Speed of hummingbird wing, 327 Speed of snail, 227 Temperature, 527 Temperature difference, 607 Temperature increase, 628, 629 Temperature increase/decrease, 601, 608 Temperature unit conversions, 446–448 Tornadoes in active weather, 576 Total number of endangered species, 397 Total rainfall, 170, 183, 284 Total snowfall, 213 Total volume of dams, 90 Trees per acre, 299 Trips needed to remove trash, 424 Unit conversions, 438 US wind power, 256 Water content of snow, 300 Weight of dinosaur, 460 Wind power production, 276 Gardening and Landscaping Amount of sod needed, 77, 203 Amount of water in trough, 186 Amount of water needed in garden, 186 Area covered by patio, 493 Area of field, 485 Area of yard, 207 I-7 Area sprinkler reaches, 524 Cost of fencing, 74–75, 77, 92 Cost of landscaping, 92 Designing border for garden, 77 Driveway plants, 303 Estimating height of tree, 320 Flowers to plants, 312 Fraction of garden eaten by deer, 170 Fraction of seeds sprouted, 118 Height of tree, 422 Lawn remaining to be mowed, 132, 206 Length of garden walkway, 525 Number of garden border pieces needed, 417 Number of plants needed, 29, 92 Perimeter of a garden, 15 Perimeter of a yard, 422 Time required to mow lawns, 327, 639 Total cost of fencing, 74–75 Total length of shrub border, 206 Total weight of sod, 424 Volume of silo, 511 Water saved with irrigation system, 206 Investment Bank interest, 340 Change in stock price, 591 Closing price of stock, 205 Decline of stock, 205 Difference in stock change, 608 Interest compound, 391, 392, 403, 405 Interest compounded annually, 388 Interest compounded monthly, 389 Interest compounded quarterly, 389 Interest rate rise, 206 Money made from stock sale, 284 Percentage decrease in stock price, 380–381 Simple interest, 403, 462 Simple interest account growth, 582 Simple interest earned, 399 Stock increase, 305 Stock money earned, 288 Stock percent decrease, 393–394 Stock percent increase, 393–394 Stock price percent decrease, 383 Stock prices, 286, 406 Stock price trends, 582 Stock share purchase, 276 Total account value with simple interest earned, 399 Total amount in account compounding annually, 386–387 Total amount in account using simple interest, 386–387 Total change in stock price, 284 Total loan repayment with simple interest, 403 Total simple interest earned, 391, 392 miL58061_andx_I1-I9.qxd 9/4/08 10:11 PM Page I-8 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net I-8 Application Index Total value of account with compound interest earned, 392 Total value of account with simple interest earned, 391 Value of house, 214 Time required for planets to align, 178 Time required for satellites to align, 177 Total number of e-mails, 358 Unit conversion, 460 Unit conversions, 459, 460 Weight of a computer, 461 Politics and Government Age of US presidents at inauguration, 541–543 Budget deficit, 628 Gender and voting patterns, 531 Median age of US Presidents at inauguration, 560 Number of US federal employees, 241 Party affiliation analysis, 553 Percentage decrease in food stamp recipients, 383 Probability of specific voter affiliation, 565 Rate of prisoner increase, 305 Total number of votes for candidate, 20, 288, 319, 357, 364 US federal debt, 384 Science and Technology Amount of active ingredient in bleach, 365 Amount of alcohol in antifreeze, 365 Amount of mixture, 168 Amount of mixture remaining, 170 Area of calculator screen, 207 Average temperature, 586 Composition of Earth’s atmosphere, 405 Composition of moon rocks, 329 Computer download speed, 330, 406 Density of platinum, 329 Distance between Earth and Sun, 241 Fluid in a syringe, 459 Grams of salt remaining, 168 Internet use trends, 538 Leap year, 256 Length of photograph, 317 Number of Internet users, 591 Number of pixels on screen, 76 Number of samples from chemical stock, 142 Percentage of homes with computers, 338 Percentage of Internet users in population, 401 Percent of computer memory used, 359 Satellite Internet subscribers, 338 Speed of light, 241 Temperature, 459, 461 Temperature of liquid nitrogen, 586 Temperature range on moon, 607 Temperature unit conversions, 451, 457 Time required for planetary orbit, 234 Sports and Exercise Average distance run, 205 Average distance walked, 170, 288 Average golf scores, 629 Average height of basketball players, 560 Average number of wins in league, 559 Average yardage per pass, 319 Basketball shooting percentages, 338, 358 Batting average, 255 Batting average calculation, 300–301 Biking speed per hour, 255 Circumference of bicycle wheel, 502 Circumference of hula hoop, 502 Daytona 500 speeds compared, 226 Difference in length of races, 432 Difference in race length, 450 Dimensions of playing field, 670, 672 Dimensions of swimming pool, 673 Dimensions of tennis court, 670 Discus throw records compared, 201 Distance of triathlon, 197 Distance run by set of runners, 544 Distance run in marathon, 271 Distance swam, 428 Distance traveled by swimmer, 477–478 Earned run average calculation, 319 Earned run average comparisons, 284 Earnings of sports figures compared, 89 Field goal percentages, 287 Football pass completion percentages, 363–364 Football passes completed, 365 Football passing percentages, 358 Football wins, 305–306 Fraction of sports finalists from Republic of South Africa, 103 Fraction of sports finalists from US, 103 Height of basketball player, 422, 428–429 High jump records compared, 201–202, 215 Hiking speed per hour, 255 Jockey wins per year, 304 Length of canoe, 431 Length of race, 446, 450, 460 Length of tennis court, 482 Long jump records compared, 215 Median seating capacity of arenas, 478 Number of Special Olympics participants, 18 Percentage of athlete’s salary paid to coach, 354–355 Perimeter of basketball court, 20 Points scored in Superbowl, 673 Ranking batting averages, 226 Ratio of miles walked on different days, 294 Ratio of salary increase, 297 Salary left after taxes paid by athlete, 92 Speed of runner, 300–301 Speed skating records, 288, 304 Superbowl venues by state, 552 Tennis balls used per match, 255 Time required for runners to align, 173 Time required for schedules to coincide, 213 Total biathlon/triathlon time, 424 Total distance run, 205 Total distance walked, 170 Total golf score, 591, 607 Total Olympic medals won, 13 Total passing yardage compared, 29 Total points scored, 78 Total time run, 424 Unit conversions, 417, 458 Unit conversions of length of race, 450 Volume of ball, 523 Walking distance data, 632 Weight conversion of athlete, 450 Width of basketball court, 634 Win-loss ratios, 329, 462 Winning time for car race, 684 World record in run, 252–253 Yearly gym membership with discount, 377 Statistics and Demographics Age of arrestees in city, 541 Age of marriage for men and women, 536 Age of US presidents at inauguration, 541–543 Airline fatalities per year, 535 Average height of boys by age, 540 Average number of residents per house, 562 Average size of US farms, 576 Crime rates per capita, 327 Crime statistics, changes in, 26 Die rolls, 319 Difference in number of marriages per year, 30 Education level, analysis of, 577 Energy consumption by nation, 538 Ethnic composition of state, 334 Fraction of alphabet that is consonants, 120 Fraction of alphabet that is vowels, 120 miL58061_andx_I1-I9.qxd 9/4/08 10:11 PM Page I-9 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net Application Index Fraction of coin tosses that come up heads, 120 Fraction of female doctors, 97 Fraction of promoted females on police force, 139 Gender and vehicle type, 531, 532 Greatest increase in marriages per year, 30 Height distribution of students, 546 Height of coin pile, 236 Highway fatalities, 551 How many more females than males in US, 34 Literacy rates, 302 Median age of US Presidents at inauguration, 560 Median number of international arrivals, 560 Mortality rates, 302 Most common response to survey, 578 Number employed vs unemployed, 34 Number of Americans over 65, 402 Number of animal shelter dogs that are female purebreds, 161 Number of calls per week to fire department, 93 Number of cats in US households, Number of characters in Chinese dictionary, Number of crimes committed in jurisdiction, 321 Number of heads in coin flips, 319 Number of people surveyed, 401, 582 Number of registered cars, 535 Number of theater seats, People per county in New Jersey, 324 Percentage decrease in corded phones, 403 Percentage increase in cell phone users, 403 Percentage of African Americans in US population, 404 Percentage of people wearing glasses, 582 Percentage of police officers promoted, 358 Percentage of police officers who are female, 358 Percentage of population preferring chocolate ice cream, 338 Percentage of population that is lefthanded, 338 Percentage of state residents over 65, 338 Pet ownership patterns, 536 Population change, 384, 628 Population density in California, 256 Population density of US states, 285, 331 Population difference between states, 526 Population estimation, 328 Population growth, 230–231, 341, 400, 401, 407 Population increase, 305 Population increase ratios, 295, 297 Population of city, 285, 358, 365 Population of Ethiopia, 121 Population of nations compared, 90, 241 Population of states, 121 I-9 Population of Tennessee, 129 Population total of states, 526 Population totals, 76 Population totals of various countries, 405 Possible outcomes of coin toss, 564–565, 568 Possible outcomes of dice roll, 564, 568, 581 Possible outcomes of item selection, 568, 569, 578 Poverty ratio, 329 Probability of an event, 567, 568, 583 Probability of item selection, 575 Probability of selecting a specific item, 581 Probability of student owning a car, 569 Rate of prisoner increase, 305 Ratio of houses with pools and without, 296 Ratio of males to females, 326 Ratio of silver to non-silver cars, 296 Reading speed, 299 Retirement age of professors, 544 Senior citizen population, by state, 539 Smallest steam engine, 432 Survey result analysis, 187 Tallest sand sculpture, 432 Tea consumption per capita compared, 206 Total births in time period, 36 US population above age 60, 89 Visitors to US cities, 90 miL58061_sndx_I10-I16.qxd 9/4/08 9:58 PM Page I-10 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net Subject Index A Absolute value, 588–589, 625 Acute angles, 466, 516 Acute triangles, 474, 517 “Added to,” 12 Addends, 9, 83 Addition associative property of, 11, 12, 83, 596, 635, 636, 675 on calculators, 20, 198, 601 carrying in, 10, 83, 189 commutative property of, 11, 24, 83, 121, 596, 635, 636, 675 of decimals, 228–233, 279 distributive property of multiplication over, 40, 85, 636–638, 675 of fractions, 164–167, 179–185, 209, 211 of integers by using number line, 593–594 of like terms, 643 of mixed numbers, 188–190, 211 of mixed units of measurement, 412–413 of real numbers, 594–598, 601, 626 translating to/from words, 12–14, 598, 667 of whole numbers, 9–15, 83 Addition properties of equality, 648–650, 655, 677 of zero, 11, 83 Adjacent angles, 467 Algebraic expressions in applications, 634 evaluation of, 634–635 explanation of, 634, 675 simplification of, 641–644, 676 Alternate exterior angles, 468, 516 Alternate interior angles, 468, 516 Amount, of percent proportion, 350, 396 Angles acute, 466, 516 adjacent, 467 alternate exterior, 468, 516 alternate interior, 468, 516 complementary, 466, 467, 516 congruent, 466 corresponding, 468, 516 explanation of, 464–465, 516 naming and measuring, 464–466, 469 obtuse, 466, 516 right, 465 I-10 straight, 465 supplementary, 467, 516 of triangles, 473–474 vertical, 467, 516 Applications See also Applications Index algebraic expressions in, 634 area, 45–46, 488–489, 492–493, 498, 501–502 commission, 371–372, 376–377 decimals, 230–232, 234–237, 242, 244–245, 252–255, 270–272, 274–275 discount, 372–373, 377–378 estimation, 34, 36–37, 55–56 fractions, 118, 120–121, 129, 132, 137–139, 141–142, 155, 166–167, 169–170, 183–185, 201–203, 205–206, 212, 270–272, 274–275 geometry, 202–203, 206–207, 670 graphs, 14 least common multiple, 173–174, 177–178 linear equations, 666–673, 680 markup, 373–374, 377–378 mean, 68, 271–272 measurement, 413–415, 417–418, 420–422, 429, 432–433, 437–438, 441–442, 445–446, 450–451 mixed numbers, 146–147, 149–150, 193, 196–197, 201–203, 205–206, 212 percent equations, 363–364, 366–367 percent increase and percent decrease in, 379–381 percent proportions, 353–355 percents, 338–339, 341–342 problem-solving strategies, 70–79, 88 proportions, 313–315, 317, 319–320, 326 Pythagorean theorem, 477–478 rates, 302, 304–305 ratios, 295, 297–298 real numbers, 605, 607–608 sales tax, 369–370 similar figures, 317–318 tables, 13 volume, 511–512 Approximately equal to symbol, 31 Approximation, of percents, 345 Area applications of, 45–46, 488–489, 492–493, 498, 501–502 of circles, 496–497, 519 of composite figures, 128, 488, 498 explanation of, 44, 484, 518 formulas for, 488 method to find, 487 of parallelograms, 485–486, 518 of rectangles, 44–45, 85, 128, 203, 242, 485, 518 of squares, 485, 518 of trapezoids, 486–487, 518 of triangles, 126–128, 155, 486, 518 Associative properties of addition, 11, 12, 83, 596, 635–637, 675 of multiplication, 635–637, 675 Average See Mean B Bar graphs explanation of, 532–533 histograms as, 542–543 Base explanation of, 62, 87 of percent proportion, 350, 361 of triangle, 127 Bimodal, 556 Borrowing, in subtraction, 22, 23, 84, 191, 192 C Calculators addition on, 20, 198, 601 compound interest on, 388, 389, 393 decimals on, 237, 256, 259, 276 division on, 60, 150, 619 exponents on, 69 fractions on, 150, 198 mixed numbers on, 150, 198 multiplication on, 60, 150, 619 percent increase and percent decrease on, 384 ␲ key on, 503 proportions on, 321 real numbers on, 601, 609, 619 square roots on, 481–482 subtraction on, 30, 198, 609 unit rates on, 305–306 units of capacity on, 424 whole numbers on, 20 Capacity See also Volume converting units of, 421–422, 424, 435–436, 445, 454 metric units of, 435–436 U.S Customary units of, 419, 421–422 miL58061_sndx_I10-I16.qxd 9/4/08 9:58 PM Page I-11 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net Subject Index Carrying in addition of mixed numbers, 189 in addition of whole numbers, 10, 83 in multiplication, 41 Cells, 530, 572 Celsius converting to/from, 447, 448 explanation of, 446, 457 Center, of circles, 494, 519 Centimeters, 426 Circle graphs construction of, 548–550 explanation of, 547, 573 percents and, 548 Circles area of, 496–497, 519 circumference of, 494–496, 503 explanation of, 494, 519, 548 sectors of, 547, 573 Circular cones, volume of, 506–508 Circumference, 494–496, 503, 519 Class intervals, 541, 573 Clearing parentheses, 643–644 Coefficients explanation of, 641, 676 identification of, 642 Commas, Commission applications of, 371–372, 376–377 explanation of, 371, 398 formula for, 374, 398 Common denominator, 164, 687 Commutative properties of addition, 11, 24, 83, 121, 596, 635, 675 of multiplication, 38–39, 85, 635, 636, 675 of real numbers, 635, 636 Compass use, 513–515 Complementary angles explanation of, 466, 516 identification of, 467 Complementary events, 566–567, 575 Composite figures area of, 128, 488 perimeter and area of, 498 volume of, 508 Composite numbers, 108, 153 Compound interest on calculators, 388, 389, 393 explanation of, 386, 399 simple interest vs., 386–387 use of formula for, 387–389 Congruent angles, 466 Constants, 634, 675 Constant terms, 641, 676 Conversion See also Measurement units of capacity, 421–422, 424, 435–436, 445, 454 units of length, 410–412, 427–429, 444, 453 units of mass, 433–434, 444 units of temperature, 446–448 units of time, 419–420, 454 units of weight, 419–421, 454 between U.S Customary and metric units, 443–446 whole numbers to/from standard form, Conversion factors, 411 Corresponding angles, 468, 516 Costs, unit, 301–302, 324 Cubes, 505, 520 Cubic centimeters, 435 D Data estimating probability from observed, 566 explanation of, 530, 572 in tables, 530–531, 572 Decimal fraction, 218, 220, 278 Decimal points, 218, 219, 223, 228, 238, 240 Decimals addition and subtraction of, 228–233, 279 applications of, 230–232, 234–237, 242, 244–245, 252–255, 270–272, 274–275 on calculators, 237, 256, 259, 276 converted to percents, 342–345 converting fractions to, 260 converting percents to, 336–337, 395 division of, 246–250, 252–253, 256, 267, 269–270, 281 mixed numbers and, 267 as mixed numbers or fractions, 220–222 multiplication of, 238–242, 256, 280 notation for, 218–220, 338 number line and, 262 ordering, 222–223 order of operations and, 266–268, 283 ratios of, 293–294 repeating, 248, 587 rounding of, 223–224, 251, 279 terminating, 248, 587 writing fractions as, 258–260, 282 written as fractions, 220–222, 260–262 Decimeters, 426 “Decreased by,” 24 Denominators common, 164 decimal fractions and, 218 explanation of, 96, 123, 124, 152 least common, 174–176 Diameter, 237, 494, 519 Difference estimating, 33, 84 explanation of, 21, 24, 84 I-11 Digits explanation of, multiplying numbers with many, 41–42 Discount applications of, 372–373, 377–378 formula for, 372, 374, 398 Discount rate, 373 Distance, 426 See also Measurement Distributive property to add and subtract like terms, 642, 676 clearing parentheses and, 643–644 of multiplication over addition, 40, 85, 636–638, 675 Dividend in division of fractions, 156 explanation of, 50–51, 86 “Divides into,” 55 Divisibility explanation of, 107 rules for, 107, 153 Division applications of, 55–56, 58–60, 149–150 on calculators, 60, 150, 619 of decimals, 246–250, 256, 269–270, 281 explanation of, 50 of fractions, 134–135, 156, 267, 269–270 long, 52–53, 86 by many-digit divisor, 54 of mixed numbers, 145–147, 156 by primes, 173 of real numbers, 613–616, 619, 627 remainders, 53, 86 symbols for, 50, 66 translating to/from words, 55–56, 667 of whole numbers, 50–56, 86 by zero, 51, 86 Division properties of equality, 652–655, 678 explanation of, 51, 86 Divisors division by many-digit, 54 division of fractions, 156 explanation of, 50–51, 86, 134 Double-negative property, 590 E Ellipses, English system of measurement See U.S Customary units Equality addition and subtraction properties of, 648–650, 655, 656, 677 multiplication and division properties of, 652–656, 678 using properties of, 655, 656 Equations determining if number is solution to, 647 miL58061_sndx_I10-I16.qxd 9/4/08 9:58 PM Page I-12 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net I-12 Subject Index Equations—Cont equivalent, 648, 677 explanation of, 306, 325, 646–647, 677 linear in one variable, 647, 662, 677 multiple step process to solve, 658–663 one-step process to solve, 646–650, 652–656 percent, 360–364, 397 solutions to, 646 translating verbal statements into, 667–668 Equilateral triangles, 474, 517 Equivalent equations, 648, 677 Equivalent fractions converting fractions to, 175–176 explanation of, 114, 154 method to write, 174–175, 210 Estimation See also Rounding applications of, 34, 36–37, 55–56 of decimal points, 239 of difference, 33, 84 explanation of, 33, 84 of mixed numbers, 188–189 of products, 42–43 Events complementary, 566–567 explanation of, 564, 575 probability of, 564–565 Expanded form, of whole number, 3, 82 Experiments, 564 Exponential expressions on calculators, 69 evaluation of, 62–63 involving negative numbers, 612–613 Exponents, 62, 87 Expressions See Algebraic expressions F Factoring, 109 See also Divisibility Factorization explanation of, 106, 153 prime, 108–110, 153 Factors explanation of, 38, 85, 106 greatest common, 116, 117 identification of, 110 prime, 172 Factor tree, 109 Fahrenheit converting to/from, 448 explanation of, 446, 457 Flowcharts, 666 Fraction bar, 96 Fractions addition of, 164–167, 179–185, 209, 211 applications of, 118, 120–121, 129, 132, 137–139, 141–142, 169–170, 201–203, 205–206, 212, 270–272, 274–275 on calculators, 150, 198 comparing two, 175 converted to decimals, 260 converted to percents, 342–345 converting percents to, 335–336, 395 decimal, 218, 220, 278 division of, 134–135, 156, 267, 614, 615 equivalent, 114, 154, 174–176, 210 explanation of, 96–97, 152 fundamental principle of, 115, 175 improper, 98–101, 152, 190, 192–193, 221–222, 278, 344 like, 164–165, 209 method for simplifying, 114–118, 123, 124, 154 method for writing, 97–98 mixed numbers and, 99–101, 144–147 multiplication of, 123–125, 129, 137–139, 150, 155, 202, 268–269 notation for, 96, 339 on number line, 101–102, 152 order of operations and, 125–126, 135–136, 165–166, 182–183, 199–200, 212 proper, 98, 152, 189 ranked in order, 176, 210 reciprocals of, 133–135, 156 rounding of, 144 subtraction of, 164–167, 179–185, 209, 211 unlike, 179–185, 211 writing decimals as, 220–222, 282 Frequency distributions, 541–542, 573 Front-end rounding, 239 Fundamental principle of fractions, 115, 175 G Geometry applications of, 202–203, 206–207, 670 area, 484–489, 496–498, 518, 519 circles, 494, 497, 498, 519 circumference, 494–496, 519 construction of figures, 513–515 lines and angles, 464–469, 516 perimeter, 483–484, 518 quadrilaterals, 483, 518 triangles and Pythagorean theorem, 473–478, 517 volume, 505–508, 520 Grams, 425, 433, 456 Graphs application problems involving, 14 bar, 532–533, 542–543 circle, 547–550, 573 line, 534–535, 572 of numbers on number line, Gravity, 433 “Greater than” symbol, Greatest common factor, 116, 117 H Height, of triangle, 127 Histograms, 542–543, 573 Hypotenuse, 475, 476 I Improper fractions See also Fractions adding mixed numbers by using, 190 converted to percents, 344 explanation of, 98–99, 152, 278 method to convert, 99–101 subtracting mixed numbers by using, 192–193 writing decimals as, 221–222 “Increased by,” 12 Integers See also Numbers; Real numbers addition of, 593–594 explanation of, 586 Interest compound, 386–389, 399 simple, 384–386, 399 Irrational numbers, 587, 625 Isosceles triangles, 474, 517 K Kilometers, 426 L Least common denominator (LCD) explanation of, 174 like fractions and, 174–176 unlike fractions and, 179–181 Least common multiple (LCM) applications of, 173–174, 177–178 division by primes to find, 173 explanation of, 171, 210 listing multiples to find, 171–172 prime factors to find, 172, 210 Legs of angles, 475 in right triangles, 477 Length converting units of, 410–412, 427–429, 444, 453 metric units of, 425–429, 455 U.S Customary units of, 410–415, 419, 444 “Less than,” 5, 24 Like fractions addition and subtraction of, 164–167, 209 applications of, 166–167 explanation of, 164 order of operations for, 165–166 Like terms explanation of, 641, 676 identification of, 642 method to combine, 642–644 miL58061_sndx_I10-I16.qxd 9/4/08 9:58 PM Page I-13 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net Subject Index Linear equations See also Equations applications of, 666–673, 680 construction of, 674 involving parentheses, 661–663 multiple steps to solve, 658–663 in one variable, 647, 662, 677 Line graphs, 534–535, 572 Lines explanation of, 464 parallel, 467 perpendicular, 468 Line segments, 464 Liters, 425, 435, 456 Long division, 52–53, 86 Lowest terms simplifying fractions to, 114–118, 153 simplifying ratios to, 293 M Markup applications of, 373–374, 377–378 formula for, 373, 374, 398 method to compute, 373–374 Mass, converting units of, 433–434, 444 Mean application of, 271–272 explanation of, 65, 87, 554, 574 weighted, 557–558, 574 Measurement See also Metric system; U.S Customary units adding and subtracting mixed units of, 412–413 applications of, 413–415, 417–418, 420–422, 429, 432–433, 437–438, 441–442, 445–446, 450–451 converting between U S customary and metric units of, 443–448, 457 converting U.S customary units of capacity, 419, 421–422, 424, 454 converting U.S customary units of length, 410–412, 427–429, 453 converting U.S customary units of time, 419–420, 454 converting U.S customary units of weight, 419–421, 454 metric system, 425–438 metric units of capacity, 435–436, 456 metric units of length, 425–429, 455 metric units of mass, 433–434, 456 temperature, 446–448 Median explanation of, 555, 574 method to find, 555–556 Meters, 425, 426 Metric system, 425 See also Measurement Metric units See also Measurement converting U.S Customary and, 443–448, 457 explanation of, 425, 436–437, 443 medical applications for, 437–438, 456 units of capacity, 435–436, 456 units of length, 425–429, 455 units of mass, 433–434, 456 Micrograms converting units of, 438 explanation of, 437, 456 Millimeters, 426 Minuend, 21, 84 “Minus,” 24 Mixed numbers addition of, 188–190, 211 applications of, 146–147, 149–150, 193, 196–197, 201–203, 205–206, 212 on calculators, 150, 198 converted to percents, 344 division of, 145–147, 156, 267 explanation of, 99, 152 improper fractions and, 99–101 multiplication of, 144–145, 147, 156 order of operations and, 199–200, 212 quotients as, 101 ratios of, 293–294 subtraction of, 190–193, 211 writing decimals as, 220–222 Mode, 556–557, 574 “More than,” 12 Multiples explanation of, 171 least common, 171–174, 177–178 Multiplication See also Products applications of, 43–44, 48–49 associative property of, 39, 85, 635, 636 on calculators, 60, 150, 619 carrying in, 41 commutative property of, 38–39, 85, 635, 636 of decimals, 238–242, 256, 280 distributive property of, 40, 85, 636–638 of fractions, 123–125, 129, 137–139, 155, 268–269, 292 of mixed numbers, 144–145, 147, 156 of real numbers, 610–616, 619, 627 symbols for, 38 translating to/from words, 43–44, 667 of whole numbers, 38–46, 85 Multiplication properties of 1, 40, 85 of equality, 652–656, 678 explanation of, 38–40, 85 of zero, 40, 85 “Multiply by,” 43 N Negative numbers explanation of, 586 exponential expressions involving, 612–613 products of, 610 I-13 Nested parentheses, 68 Notation See Symbols and notation Number line addition of integers by using, 593–594 addition of whole numbers using, decimals on, 262 explanation of, fractions on, 101–102, 152 graphing whole numbers on, locating numbers on, 587 negative numbers of, 586 positive numbers on, 586 real, 588, 625 rounding on, 31, 32 subtraction visualized on, 21 Numbers See also Mixed numbers; Real numbers; Whole numbers composite, 108, 153 irrational, 587, 625 negative, 586, 610 positive, 586 prime, 108, 153, 173 rational, 586–587, 604, 625 using words for, 4–5, 241 Numerators, 96, 123, 124, 152 O Obtuse angles, 466, 516 Obtuse triangles, 474, 517 Opposites, 589–590, 625 Ordering of decimals, 222–223, 262 of fractions, 176, 210, 262 of whole numbers, Order of operations decimals and, 266–268, 283 explanation of, 64–65, 87 fractions and, 125–126, 135–136, 165–166, 182–183, 199–200, 212 mixed numbers and, 199–200, 212 real numbers and, 596, 604–605, 612, 620–622, 628 use of, 64–65, 620–622 P Parallel lines, 467 Parallelograms area of, 485–486, 488, 518 explanation of, 483, 518 Parentheses as grouping symbols, 11, 38 method to clear, 643–644 nested, 68 solving linear equations involving, 661–663 Partial sums, 41 “Per,” 55 Percent decrease on calculators, 384 miL58061_sndx_I10-I16.qxd 9/4/08 9:58 PM Page I-14 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net I-14 Subject Index Percent decrease—Cont explanation of, 379, 399 formula for, 379 method to compute, 380–381 Percent equations applications of, 363–364, 366–367 explanation of, 360, 397 solutions to, 360–362 Percent increase on calculators, 384 explanation of, 379, 399 formula for, 379 method to compute, 379–380 Percent proportions applications of, 353–355 explanation of, 349, 396 parts of, 350 solutions to, 351–353 Percents applications of, 338–339, 341–342 approximation of, 345 circle graphs and, 548 converted to decimals, 336–337, 395 converted to fractions, 335–336, 345, 395 converting fractions and decimals to, 342–346 explanation of, 334, 395 fraction and decimal forms of, 338 notation for, 334, 338, 339, 343, 344 Perimeter applying decimals to, 232 of composite figures, 498 explanation of, 14, 83, 483–484, 518 methods to find, 15, 166, 184–185, 203, 413 method to find, 484 of rectangles, 484, 518 of squares, 483, 518 of triangles, 203 Periods, Perpendicular lines, 467 Pictographs, 533, 572 Pie graphs See Circle graphs ␲, 495, 503, 587 Place value for decimals, 218, 223, 228 method to determine, 2, “Plus,” 12 Point, 464 Polygons See also Quadrilaterals explanation of, 14, 483 perimeter of, 14, 83, 166 similar, 318 Positive numbers, 586 Power explanation of, 62, 87 of exponents, 62, 63 Power of 0.1, 240–241, 280 Power of one-tenth, 126, 155 Power of ten division of decimals by, 250 explanation of, 63, 87 multiplication by, 240, 280 simplifying fractions by, 154 Prefix line, 427, 428 Prime factorization, 108–110, 153 Prime factors, to find least common multiple, 172, 210 Prime numbers division by, 173 explanation of, 108, 153 Principal, 384, 399 Probability of complementary events, 566–567, 575 estimated from observed data, 566 of events, 564–565, 575 explanation of, 563–564, 575 Problem-solving strategies applications of, 70–75, 88 guidelines for, 70, 88 involving flowcharts, 666 involving multiple operations, 72–75 involving one operation, 70–72 Products See also Multiplication estimating by rounding, 42–44 explanation of, 38, 43 of negative numbers, 610 Proper fractions, 98, 152, 189 Proportions applications of, 313–315, 319–320, 326 on calculators, 321 explanation of, 306, 325 method to write, 307 percent, 349–355, 396 ratios forming, 307–308, 325 solutions to, 308–311 Protractors explanation of, 465 use of, 466, 549 Pythagorean theorem applications of, 476–479 explanation of, 475–476, 517 Q Quadrilaterals, 483, 518 Quotients explanation of, 50–51, 86 as repeating decimals, 248 rounding, 251 whole part of, 53 writing as mixed number, 101 R Radical sign, 63, 474 Radius, 494, 519 Rates applications of, 302, 304–305 on calculators, 305–306 converted to unit rates, 300 explanation of, 299, 324 unit, 300–301, 324 unit cost and, 301–302 written in lowest terms, 299–300 Rational numbers explanation of, 586–587, 625 subtraction of, 604 Ratios applications of, 295, 297–298 to convert U.S Customary units of length, 411 explanation of, 292, 323 method to write, 191 of mixed numbers and decimals, 293–294 proportions formed by, 307–308, 325 rates as, 299–302 simplified to lowest terms, 293 unit, 411–412 Rays, 464–465 Real number line, 588, 625 Real numbers absolute value and, 589 addition of, 593–598, 601, 626 applications of, 605, 607–608 on calculators, 601, 609, 619 division of, 613–616, 619, 627 explanation of, 588, 625 exponential expressions and, 612–613 multiplication of, 610–612, 619, 627 opposites and, 589–590, 625 order of operations and, 596, 604–605, 612, 620–622, 628 properties of, 635–636, 675 real number line and, 588 subtraction of, 602–605, 609, 626 Reciprocals explanation of, 613–615 of fractions, 133–135, 156 Rectangles area of, 44–45, 85, 128, 203, 242, 485, 488, 518 explanation of, 483, 518 perimeter of, 484, 518 Rectangular solids volume formula, 505, 520 Regrouping, 10, 22 Remainders, 53, 86 Repeating decimals, 248, 587 Rhombus, 483, 518 Right angles, 465 Right circular cone volume formula, 506, 507, 520 Right circular cylinder volume formula, 505, 520 Right triangles explanation of, 474, 517 finding length of legs in, 477 Pythagorean theorem and, 475–478, 517 miL58061_sndx_I10-I16.qxd 9/4/08 9:58 PM Page I-15 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net Subject Index Roots, square, 474–475 Rounding See also Estimation converting fractions to decimals with, 260 of decimals, 223–224, 251, 279 estimating products by, 42–44 of fractions, 144 front-end, 239 of whole numbers, 31–33, 84 Round-off error, 268–270 S Sales tax explanation of, 369–370 formula for, 374, 398 Sample space, 564, 575 Scalene triangles, 474, 517 Sectors, of circles, 547, 574 Semicircles, length of, 496 “Shared equally among,” 55 Sieve of Eratosthenes, 112–113 Similar figures polygons, 318 triangles, 316–317 Similar triangles, 316–317 Simple interest explanation of, 384, 399 formula for, 385 method to compute, 385–386 Simplification of algebraic expressions, 641–644, 676 of fractions, 114–118, 123, 124, 154 of ratios, 293 solving linear equations by, 661 Solutions to equations, 646, 677, 789 See also Equations Spheres, 506–507, 520 Square roots on calculators, 481–482 evaluation of, 475 explanation of, 63, 87, 474–475 symbol for, 63 Squares area of, 485, 488, 518 evaluation of, 475 explanation of, 483, 518 perimeter of, 483, 518 Square units, 44 Standard form converting to/from expanded form, explanation of, 2, 82 writing number in, Statistical reports, 571 Statistics, 530, 572 Straight angles, 465 Straightedge use, 513–515, 549 “Subtract from,” 24 Subtraction applications of, 24–26, 28–30 borrowing in, 22, 191, 192 on calculators, 30, 198, 609 commutative property and, 24 of decimals, 228–232, 279 of fractions, 164–167, 179–185, 209, 211 of like terms, 643 of mixed numbers, 190–193, 211 of mixed units of measurement, 412–413 of real numbers, 602–605, 609, 626 translating to/from words, 24–25, 667 of whole numbers, 21–26, 84 Subtraction property of equality, 648–650, 655, 656, 677 Subtrahend, 21, 84 Sums estimating, 33 explanation of, 9, 12 partial, 41 Supplementary angles, 467, 516 Symbols and notation addition, 594–596 angles, 464, 465, 473 approximately equal to, 31 decimals, 218–219, 338 division, 50, 66 fractions, 96, 339 greater than, less than, lines, 464 line segments, 464 multiplication, 38 parentheses, 11, 38, 68 percent, 334, 338, 339, 343, 344 perpendicular lines, 468 ␲, 495, 503 points, 464 radius, 494, 496 ratios, 292 rays, 464 square root (radical sign), 63, 474 standard notation and expanded notation, subtraction, 21, 602 temperature, 446, 465 triangles, 474 T Tables application problems involving, 13 constructed from observed data, 531 explanation of, 530 frequency distribution, 541–542 interpreting data in, 530–531, 572 Temperature converting units of, 447, 448 units of, 446–447 Terminating decimals, 248, 587 Terms constant, 641, 676 explanation of, 641, 676 I-15 identification of, 642 like, 641–644, 676 variable, 641, 659, 660, 676 Time, 419–420, 454 “Times,” 43 “Total of,” 12 Translating to/from words for addition, 12–14, 598, 667 applications of, 70–79 for division, 55–56, 667 into equations, 667–668 for multiplication, 43–44, 667 for subtraction, 24–25, 603, 667 for whole numbers, 4–5, 12–14, 82 Trapezoids area of, 486–488, 518 explanation of, 483, 518 Triangles acute, 474, 517 angles of, 473–474 area of, 126–128, 155, 486, 488, 518 base of, 127 equilateral, 474, 517 explanation of, 473–474, 517 height of, 127 isosceles, 474, 517 obtuse, 474, 517 perimeter of, 203 right, 474–487, 517 scalene, 474, 517 similar, 316–317 vertices of, 127, 473 U Unit costs, 301–302, 324 Unit fractions, 411 Unit rates on calculators, 305–306 explanation of, 300–301, 324 Unit ratios converting units of length by using, 411–412 explanation of, 411 Units of measure, 410 See also Measurement Unlike fractions See also Fractions addition and subtraction of, 179–182, 211 applications of, 183–185 order of operations for, 182–183 U.S Customary units See also Measurement of capacity, 321–322 converting metric units and, 443–448, 457 explanation of, 410 of length, 410–415, 419 of time, 419–420 of weight, 419–421 miL58061_sndx_I10-I16.qxd 9/4/08 9:58 PM Page I-16 BASIC—AIE www.downloadslide.net I-16 Subject Index V W Variables explanation of, 45, 634, 675 isolation of, 659–661 linear equations in one, 647, 662, 677 Variable terms, 641, 659, 660, 676 Vertex of angle, 464, 516 of triangle, 127, 473 Vertical angles, 467, 516 Volume See also Capacity applications of, 511–512 of composite figures, 506–508 explanation of, 505 methods to find, 505–508 Volume formulas for cubes, 505, 520 for rectangular solids, 505, 520 for right circular cones, 506, 507, 520 for right circular cylinders, 505, 520 for spheres, 506, 507, 520 Weight converting units of, 419–421, 444, 454 U.S Customary units of, 419–421 Weighted mean, 557–558, 574 Whole numbers addition of, 9–14, 20, 83 computing the mean and, 65–66 division of, 50–56, 86 division of decimals by, 246–247, 281 estimation of, 33–34, 84 expanded form of, 3, 82 explanation of, 2, 82 exponents and, 62–63, 87 identifying factors of, 110 multiplication of, 38–46, 85 number line and order of, 5, order of operations and, 64–65, 87 perimeter and, 14–15, 83 place value and, 2, problem-solving strategies involving, 70–75, 88 rewriting ratio as ratio of, 293–294 rounding of, 31–33, 84 square roots and, 63, 87 standard form of, 3, 82 standard notation and expanded notation of, subtraction of, 21–26, 84 translating to/from words, 4–5, 12–14, 82 written in words, 4–5 Whole part of quotient, 53 Word problems See Problem-solving strategies; Translating to/from words Words that imply, 12 writing numbers in, 4–5, 241 Z Zero addition property of, 11, 83 division by, 51, 86 multiplication property of, 40, 85 miL58061_end.qxd 9/1/08 1:37 PM Page 781 www.downloadslide.net Geometry Formulas s l s l s w w s w w l l Perimeter of a Square Perimeter of a Rectangle Area of a Rectangle Pϭsϩsϩsϩs Pϭlϩlϩwϩw A ϭ length ϫ width P ϭ 4s P ϭ 2l ϩ 2w A ϭ lw s s s h h b b s Area of a Square Area of a Parallelogram Area of a Triangle A ϭ length ϫ width A ϭ base ϫ height A ϭ 12 ϫ base ϫ height Aϭsؒs A ϭ bh A ϭ 12 bh A ϭ s2 b d d h r r a Area of a Trapezoid A ϭ ϫ 1sum of the parallel sides2 ϫ height 2 A ϭ ؒ 1a ϩ b2 ؒ h Circumference of a Circle Area of a Circle The circumference, C, of a circle is The area, A, of a circle given by: C ϭ pd is given by: A ϭ pr or C ϭ 2pr r h w l Rectangular Solid V ϭ lwh h r Right Circular Cylinder Sphere V ϭ pr h V ϭ 43pr www.downloadslide.net Basic College Basic College A Student Success Story Mathematics SECOND EDITION Mathematics Middlesex County College (Edison, NJ) achieved an 80% pass rate in their developmental mathematics course, an increase of 29% in student retention, using Miller/O’Neill/Hyde and ALEKS! Success Rates at Middlesex County College In spring semester 2008, Middlesex County to achieve a pass rate of 79% Pass Rates before Miller/O’Neill/Hyde & ALEKS Pass Rates using Miller/O’Neill/Hyde & ALEKS 20 30 40 50 60 70 ALEKS has enabled our students to grow in both proficiency and understanding of the fundamental concepts needed to succeed in developmental math courses I am delighted with how our students have embraced this learning tool —Maria DeLucia, Chair, Middlesex County College 80 ] ALEKS (Assessment and LEarning in Knowledge Spaces) is an artificial intelligence-based system for mathematics learning, available online 24/7 individually and class-wide Hyde GET BETTER RESULTS with Miller/O’Neill/Hyde + ALEKS! MD DALIM #980597 08/30/08 CYAN MAG YELO BLK [ 10 O’Neill Pass Rates with Traditional Textbook & Online Homework Manager Miller In fall semester 2007, 308 Middlesex students piloted ALEKS in their developmental course sequence with pass rate of 80%, whereas the remaining sections, using only an online homework system, resulted in a 51% pass rate Go to www.aleks.com/highered/math to learn more and register! ISBN 978-0-07-340611-4 MHID 0-07-340611-2 Part of ISBN 978-0-07-728113-7 MHID 0-07-728113-6 www.mhhe.com SECOND EDITION Miller O’Neill Hyde ... user BASIC COLLEGE MATHEMATICS, SECOND EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020 Copyright © 2009 by. .. the copyright page Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Miller, Julie, 1962– Basic college mathematics / Julie Miller, Molly O’Neill, Nancy Hyde — 2nd ed p cm Includes index ISBN... Cape Canaveral I was always excited by mathematics and physics in relation to the space program As I studied higher levels off mathematics I became more intrigued by its abstract nature and infinite