BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 TOPIC 1: TENSES OF THE VERB I Choose the correct answer She _ a hat last week A buy B bought C have bought D Buying Mary ice-cream A love B loves C loving D is loving It much in the summer It (rain) now A rain/is raining B rain/ raining C rains/ is raining D rains/ rains She _ German for two years A has learnt B is learning C learn D learns you sometimes out with friends? A Are/going B do/ go C Have/gone D Did/go I a lot of badminton recently A play B have played C am playing D was playing When I home, everyone TV A got/watch B got/watching C get/was watch D got/ was watching London a lot since we first to live here A changed/came B has changed/ came C had changed/ came D has changed/ come When I was a child, I the violin A was playing B am playing C played D play 10 He for the national team in 65 matches so far A has played B has been played C played D is playing 11 I’m busy at the moment I on the computer A work B worked C am working D working 12 After Jessica _ her agree, she intends to work in her father's company A will finish B will have finishedC finishes D is finishing 13 When my parents _ for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby of the first time A will arrive B arrives C will have arrived D arrived 14 Fatemah looked down to discover a snake at her feet When she saw it, she _ A was screaming B had screamed C screamed D screams 15 By the time Alfonso finally graduated from high school, he _ seven different schools because his parents moved frequently A attended B was attending C had attended D.had been attending 16 Robert ill for three weeks He is still in hospital A had been B has been C is 17 I’m very tired I over four hundred miles today A drive B am driving C have drived 18 The boy _ a letter yesterday D was D have driven BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 A wrote B have written C written D Writes 19 I'll return Bod's pen to him next time I _ him A see B will see C will have seen D have seen 20.I all of the questions correctly since I began this grammar exercise on verb tenses A am answering B answer C have answered D answered 21 A small stone struck the windshield while we _ down the gravel road A drive B were driving C had driven D had been driving 22 As soon as Martina saw the fire, she _ the fire department A was telephoning B telephoned C had telephoned D telephones 23 Before Jennifer won the lottery, she _ any kind of contest A hasn't entered B didn't enter C wasn't entering D hadn't entered 24 They _ in the sea for an hour A swim B swam C have swum D Swum 25 Everything is going well We any problems so far A didn’t have B don’t have C haven’t had D hadn’t had 26 I think the weather be nice later A shall B will C is going to D can 27 Jane just a few minutes ago A left B has left C leaves D had left 28 Timson 13 films and I think her latest is the best A made B had made C has made D was making 29 They _ a lot of Coke last night A drank B drink C have drunk D drunk 30 She _ her arm last week A hurt B hurting C hurts D to hurt 31 He _ all his money last week A spends B spending C spent D has spent 32 She _ a bath two minutes ago A have B has C having D had 33 I n the room now A-am being B-was being C-have been being D-am 34 I to New york three times this year A-have been B-was C-were D-had been 35 I will come and see you before I for America A-leave B-will leave C-have left D-shall leave 36 I promise I _ help you with your homework A will B would C should D may 37 John a book when I saw him A.is reading B.read C.was reading D.reading 38 He said he return later A.will B.would C.can D.would be 39 How long _ Mr Smith _ in this school? BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 A did/teach B has/taught C does/teach D have/taught 40 Please be quiet! I _ A is working B am working C are working D is used to want 41 Sometimes I _ up before the sun rises A get B got C gets D am getting 42 Liz _here since last year A have lived B was C has been D lived 43 I _ Jerry days ago A won’t meet B haven’t met C hasn’t met D didn’t meet 44 What time to work this morning ? A did you get B are you getting C have you got D you get 45 When I him, the man was running away A see B was seeing C saw D had seen 46 I haven’t seen Kate Christmas A for B never C ever D since 47 He’s worked for this company many years A since B for C in D at 48 As soon as Martina saw the fire, she _ the fire department A was telephoning B telephoned C had telephoned D has telephoned 49 Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he _homesick A will have left B felt C feels D is feeling 50 After the race _, the celebration began A had been won B is won C will be won D has been won 51 While he was washing his car, Mr Brown _a small dint in the rear fender A has discovered B was discovering C is discovering D discovered 52 _ your father _ a manager in this bank since last year? A has/been B did/work C was/being D have /been 53 What will happen if the air ? A was polluted B be polluted C is polluted D has polluted 54 Look! Thomas _his little sister to class A is bringing B brought C to bring D bring 55 My older sister _to pop music A is often listeningB often listens C often listen D often listening 56 We an exercise now A writes B writing C write D are writing 57 Mmm! Mum a cake A makes B make C is making D makes 58 Our teacher us a test every month A gives B is giving C giving D gives 59 I coffee for breakfast every day BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 A have B has C having D am having 60 My brother in a shoe store now A work B working C is working D are working 61 She to school every day A go B goes C to go D going 62 My brother in a shoe store now A work B working C is working D are working 63 We have been living here 1990 A for B from C since D during 64 Pasteur _ in the 19th century A was living B lived C had lived D has lived 65 Now my sister _ a bicycle of her own A is having B are having C has D had 66 How since we school? A are you / left B will you be / had left C have you been / left D had you been/ had left 67 When he came A I was watching TV B I watched TV C I am watching TV D I have watched TV 68 The piano _ at the moment A repairs B repaired C is repaired D is being repaired 69 I saw Jack yesterday morning while I home from work A walked B was walking C am walking D had been walking 70 Miss Helen a newspaper now A are reading B am reading C is reading D reading 71 After Jessica _ her agree, she intends to work in her father's company A will finish B will have finished C finishes D is finishing 72 By the time I go to bed tonight, I _ my work for the day A will finish B have finished C will have finished D finish 73 Until you learn to relax more, you _ your ability to speak English A haven't improved B aren't improving C don't improve D won't improve 74 Before I stated the car, all of the passengers _ their seat belts A will buckle B had buckled C buckle D have buckled 75 It seems that whenever I travel abroad I _ to take something need A forgot B am forgetting C forgets D had forgotten BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 II Supply the correct tense for the verbs in brackets 1) I suddenly remembered that I (forget) my keys 2) While Diana (watch) her favourite TV programme, there (be) a power cut 3) Who (drive) the car at the time of the accident? 4) David (eat) Japanese food before, so he (know) what to order 5) I (do) some shopping yesterday, when I (see) your friend 6) What you (do) when I (come) to your office yesterday? 7) Laura (miss) the party because no one (tell) her about it 8) If someone (walk) in here with a gun, I would be very frightened 9) I’m sure he (understand) if you explain the situation to her 10) If she hadn’t walked to the meeting, she (not be) late 11) He always (complain) if I’m late 12) If he spoke more clearly, we (understand) him 13) If the woman (say) what she wanted, I wouldn’t have put the phone down 14) If they arrived in time, they (see) the ceremony 15) If you (ask) me, I would explain it to you KEY: I I Choose the correct answer She _ a hat last week A buy B bought C have bought D Buying Mary ice-cream A love B loves C loving D is loving It much in the summer It (rain) now A rain/is raining B rain/ raining C rains/ is raining D rains/ rains She _ German for two years A has learnt B is learning C learn D learns you sometimes out with friends? A Are/going B do/ go C Have/gone D Did/go I a lot of badminton recently A play B have played C am playing D was playing When I home, everyone TV A got/watch B got/watching C get/was watch D got/ was watching London a lot since we first to live here A changed/came B has changed/ came BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 C had changed/ came D has changed/ come When I was a child, I the violin A was playing B am playing C played D play 10 He for the national team in 65 matches so far A has played B has been played C played D is playing 11 I’m busy at the moment I on the computer A work B worked C am working D working 12 After Jessica _ her agree, she intends to work in her father's company A will finish B will have finishedC finishes D is finishing 13 When my parents _ for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby of the first time A will arrive B arrives C will have arrived D arrived 14 Fatemah looked down to discover a snake at her feet When she saw it, she _ A was screaming B had screamed C screamed D screams 15 By the time Alfonso finally graduated from high school, he _ seven different schools because his parents moved frequently A attended B was attending C had attended D.had been attending 16 Robert ill for three weeks He is still in hospital A had been B has been C is D was 17 I’m very tired I over four hundred miles today A drive B am driving C have drived D have driven 18 The boy _ a letter yesterday A wrote B have written C written D Writes 19 I'll return Bod's pen to him next time I _ him A see B will see C will have seen D have seen 20.I all of the questions correctly since I began this grammar exercise on verb tenses A am answering B answer C have answered D answered 21 A small stone struck the windshield while we _ down the gravel road A drive B were driving C had driven D had been driving 22 As soon as Martina saw the fire, she _ the fire department A was telephoning B telephoned C had telephoned D telephones 23 Before Jennifer won the lottery, she _ any kind of contest A hasn't entered B didn't enter C wasn't entering D hadn't entered 24 They _ in the sea for an hour A swim B swam C have swum D Swum 25 Everything is going well We any problems so far A didn’t have B don’t have C haven’t had D hadn’t had 26 I think the weather be nice later A shall B will C is going to D can 27 Jane just a few minutes ago BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 A left B has left C leaves D had left 28 Timson 13 films and I think her latest is the best A made B had made C has made D was making 29 They _ a lot of Coke last night A drank B drink C have drunk D drunk 30 She _ her arm last week A hurt B hurting C hurts D to hurt 31 He _ all his money last week A spends B spending C spent D has spent 32 She _ a bath two minutes ago A have B has C having D had 33 I n the room now A-am being B-was being C-have been being D-am 34 I to New york three times this year A-have been B-was C-were D-had been 35 I will come and see you before I for America A-leave B-will leave C-have left D-shall leave 36 I promise I _ help you with your homework A will B would C should D may 37 John a book when I saw him A.is reading B.read C.was reading D.reading 38 He said he return later A.will B.would C.can D.would be 39 How long _ Mr Smith _ in this school? A did/teach B has/taught C does/teach D have/taught 40 Please be quiet! I _ A is working B am working C are working D is used to want 41 Sometimes I _ up before the sun rises A get B got C gets D am getting 42 Liz _here since last year A have lived B was C has been D lived 43 I _ Jerry days ago A won’t meet B haven’t met C hasn’t met D didn’t meet 44 What time to work this morning ? A did you get B are you getting C have you got D you get 45 When I him, the man was running away A see B was seeing C saw D had seen 46 I haven’t seen Kate Christmas A for B never C ever D since 47 He’s worked for this company many years A since B for C in D at 48 As soon as Martina saw the fire, she _ the fire department A was telephoning B telephoned BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 C had telephoned D has telephoned 49 Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he _homesick A will have left B felt C feels D is feeling 50 After the race _, the celebration began A had been won B is won C will be won D has been won 51 While he was washing his car, Mr Brown _a small dint in the rear fender A has discovered B was discovering C is discovering D discovered 52 _ your father _ a manager in this bank since last year? A has/been B did/work C was/being D have /been 53 What will happen if the air ? A was polluted B be polluted C is polluted D has polluted 54 Look! Thomas _his little sister to class A is bringing B brought C to bring D bring 55 My older sister _to pop music A is often listeningB often listens C often listen D often listening 56 We an exercise now A writes B writing C write D are writing 57 Mmm! Mum a cake A makes B make C is making D makes 58 Our teacher us a test every month A gives B is giving C giving D gives 59 I coffee for breakfast every day A have B has C having D am having 60 My brother in a shoe store now A work B working C is working D are working 61 She to school every day A go B goes C to go D going 62 My brother in a shoe store now A work B working C is working D are working 63 We have been living here 1990 A for B from C since D during 64 Pasteur _ in the 19th century A was living B lived C had lived D has lived 65 Now my sister _ a bicycle of her own A is having B are having C has D had 66 How since we school? A are you / left B will you be / had left C have you been / left D had you been/ had left 67 When he came A I was watching TV B I watched TV C I am watching TV D I have watched TV 68 The piano _ at the moment BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 A repairs B repaired C is repaired D is being repaired 69 I saw Jack yesterday morning while I home from work A walked B was walking C am walking D had been walking 70 Miss Helen a newspaper now A are reading B am reading C is reading D reading 71 After Jessica _ her agree, she intends to work in her father's company A will finish B will have finished C finishes D is finishing 72 By the time I go to bed tonight, I _ my work for the day A will finish B have finished C will have finished D finish 73 Until you learn to relax more, you _ your ability to speak English A haven't improved B aren't improving C don't improve D won't improve 74 Before I stated the car, all of the passengers _ their seat belts A will buckle B had buckled C buckle D have buckled 75 It seems that whenever I travel abroad I _ to take something need A forgot B am forgetting C forgets D had forgotten II had forgotten (Khi nhớ qn trước rồi) was watching was (Mẫu câu có while khứ) was driving (quá khứ tiếp diễn) had eaten knew was doing .saw (mẫu cấu có when khứ) were you doing .came (mẫu câu có when khứ) missed .had told walked (câu điều kiện dạng 2) will understand (câu điều kiện dạng 1) 10 wouldn't have been (câu điều kiện dạng 3) 11 will (always) complain (câu điều kiện dạng 1) 12 would understand (Câu điều kiện dạng 2) 13 had said (Câu điều kiện dạng 3) BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 14 would see 15 asked TOPIC 2: FORMS OF THE VERB I Choose the answer All the passengers were made their seat belts during the turbulence a buckle b to buckle c buckling d for buckling good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream a Make b Making c To make d For make I got my friend her car for the weekend a to let me to borrow b to let me borrow c let me borrow d let me to borrow How can you let such a silly incident your friendship? a wreck b to wreck c wrecking d that wrecks ‘How about going to the theater?' 'OK,' but I would rather a concert.' a attend b to attend c attending d have attended The skiers would rather through the mountains than go by bus a to travel on train b traveled by train c travel by train d traveling by the train If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop _ lunch a having b to have c having had d for having The examiner made us _ our identification to be admitted to the test center a show b showing c to show d showed As we entered the room, we saw a rat _ towards a hole in the skirting board a scamper b to scamper c scampering d was scampering 10 I remember to Paris when I was a very small child a to be taken b to take c being taken d taking 11 My parents wouldn't _ to the party a allow me go b allow me to go c allow me going d allow to go 12 We are going to have my house _ tomorrow morning a paint b painting c painted d to be painted 13 We hope that the students themselves will enjoy part in the projects a to take b taking c to be taken d being taken 14 Sally's low test scores kept her from _ to the university a admitting b to admit c to be admitted d being admitted 15 Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _ about it a having told b to have told c having been told d to have been told 16 I meant to get up early but I forgot _ up my alarm clock a wind b to wind c wind d wound 17 Look at the state of the gate It needs as soon as possible a to repair b repairing c being repaired d be repaired BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 S + V1 / V s(es) S + will / can/ may + V1 (don’t / doesn’t + V1) (won’t / can’t + V1) Type 2: điều kiện khơng có thật If clause Main clause S + would / could / should + V1 (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1) S + V-ed / V2 (didn’t + V1) To be: were / weren’t Type 3: điều kiện khơng có thật q khứ If clause Main clause S + had + P.P S + would / could / should + have + P.P (hadn’t + P.P) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P) Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện: a Unless = If ….not b Without: khơng có = if … not Note: Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless cách đảo ngữ Were I rich, I would help you = If I were rich, I would help you Had I known her, I would have made friend with her = If I had known her, I would have made friend with her If you should run into Peter, tell him to call me = Should you run into Peter, tell him to call me Mệnh đề câu điều kiện loại câu đề nghị lời mời Đổi từ if sang unless: IF Khẳng định UNLESS Khẳng định (động từ mệnh đề đổi sang phủ định) Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề khơng thay đổi) Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause - If you don’t + V1, Clause - If you aren’t + …, Clause -TOPIC : TAG QUESTION Quy tắc chung: - Câu nói phần ln dạng đối - Chủ từ câu nói đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ - Chủ từ danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay - Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: thay “it” - Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody: thay “they” BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 - Đại từ this / that thay “it”; these / those thay “they” - “There” cấu trúc “there + be” dùng lại phần đuôi - Câu nói có trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are …): trợ động từ lặp lại phần - Câu nói khơng có trợ động từ: trợ động từ / does / did dùng phần đuôi - Câu nói có chứa từ phủ định phần khẳng định Note: Động từ phần đuôi phủ định ln viết dạng rút gọn Một số trường hợp đặc biệt: - Phần đuôi I AM AREN’T I - Phần đuôi Let’s SHALL WE - Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định: + dùng phần đuôi WON’T YOU để diễn tả lời mời + dùng phần đuôi WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN’T YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch - Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: dùng phần đuôi WILL YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch - Phần đuôi ought to SHOULDN’T TOPIC : COMPARISON So sánh bằng: S + be + as + adj + as + … S + V thường + as + adv + as+ … So sánh hơn: - Tính từ / Trạng từ ngắn: S + V + adj / adv + ER + THAN + … - Tính từ / Trạng từ dài: S + V + MORE + adj / adv + THAN + … So sánh nhất: - Tính từ / Trạng từ ngắn: S + V + THE + adj / adv + EST + … - Tính từ / Trạng từ dài: S + V + THE MOST + adj / adv + … 4.So sánh kép Comparative and comparative (càng ngày càng) Cấu trúc: short adjective- er and short adjective- er more and more + long adjective - Because he was afraid, he walked faster and faster - The living standard is getting better and better - BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Life in the modern world is becoming more and more complex The tests are more and more difficult The comparative … the comparative …(càng… càng…) Cấu trúc: the + short adj / adv.- er + S + V, the + short adj / adv - er + S + V the more + long adj / adv + S + V, the more + long adj / adv + S + V the + short adj / adv.- er + S + V, the more + long adj / adv + S + V the more + long adj / adv + S + V, the + short adj / adv - er + S + V - The harder you study, the more you will learn - The older he got, the quieter he became Một số tính từ, trạng từ bất qui tắc Good / well better the best Bad / badly worse the worst Far further the furthest farther the farthest Much / many more the most Little less the least Happy happier the happiest Lazy lazier laziest Clever cleverer the cleverest Narrow narrower the narrowest TOPIC : PHRASES AND CLAUSES I Clauses and phrases of purpose Để mục đích ta dùng số cụm từ sau: to V, in order to, so as to Vto not Vto In order to + V- inf phủ định in order not to + V-inf So as to so as not to mệnh đề mục đích dùng với so that/in order that S + V + so that/in order that + S + can/ could/ will/ would + V-inf I try to study so that/in order that I can pass my next exam II Clauses and phrases of result Cụm từ kết quả: * ENOUGH TO: đủ dể S + V + Adj/ Adv + enough (for+O) + to V S + V + not + Adj/Adv + enough (for+O) + to V BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 * TOO TO: S + V + too + Adj/Adv + ( for + O) + to V + O Ex : He is too short to play basket ball 2.Mệnh đề kết quả: mệnh đề phụ dùng để kết mệnh đề gây * SO……THAT: Qúa đến S + V + so + Adj / Adv + that + S + V SO many + Nđđ + that + S + V SO much + Nkđđ + that + S + V * SUCH…… THAT: qúa đến + O It + be + such + a/an + Adj + N + that + S + V They + be + such + Adj + Ns + that + S + V * SO : Clause ( nguyên nhân) , so + clause ( kết quả) Ex : The weather was very cold , so we couldn’t go out She didn’t study harder ,so she didn’t pass the exam III Clauses and phrases of reason Cụm từ lí do: Because of / Due to/ owing to + N / Pro/ V-ing Mệnh đề lí do: Because/As /Since + S + V IV Clauses and phrases of concession Cụm từ nhượng bộ: Inspite of / Despite + N / Pro/ V-ing Ex : Inspite of the bad weather , we had a wonderful holiday .Mệnh đề nhượng Though Although + S + V + O Eventhough NOTE : cách đổi mệnh đề thành cụm từ 1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ đại từ (Pronoun) + be + adj đổi sang cụm từ ta bỏ BE, đổi chủ từ thành tính từ sở hữu (possessive adj), đổi tính từ thành danh từ Subject (pronoun) + be + adj Possessive adj+ noun BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 2- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ danh từ (noun) + be + adj chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ Be, đổi chủ từ thành sở hữu cỏch (possessive case), đổi tớnh từ thành danh từ Subject (noun) + be + adj possessive case + noun 3- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ + V(ordinary) chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng V-ing Subject + V(ordinary) V-ing be + noun, chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ there be 4- Mệnh đề cú There There + be -> x + Noun + Noun TOPIC 10 : CONNECTIVES AND : dùng thêm thõng tin bổ sung (additional ideas), OR : diễn tả chọn lựa./ OR ELSE ( không) : diễn tả điều kiện, BUT-HOWEVER : nối hai ý tương phản nhau, SO –THEREFORE: diễn tả hậu TOPIC 12 : RELATIVE CLAUSES A CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ WHO: chủ từ, người N (người) + WHO + V + O … WHOM: - làm túc từ, người … N (người) + WHOM + S + V WHICH: - làm chủ từ túc từ, vật ….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O ….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V WHOSE: dùng để sở hữu cho danh từ người vật, thường thay cho từ: her, his, their, hình thức ‘s … N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V … WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason … N (reason) + WHY + S + V … WHERE: thay từ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there ….N (place) + WHERE + S + V … (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 WHEN: thay từ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then ….N (time) + WHEN + S + V … (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) B Mệnh đề quan hệ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định: dùng danh từ không xác định, dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: dùng danh từ xác định, có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề Trường hợp bắt buộc dùng that khơng dùng that: - Trường hợp phải dùng that: sau danh từ hỗn hợp (vừa người, vừa vật đồ vật) EX: We can see a lot of people and cattle that are going to the field - Sau đại từ bất định: Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting - Sau tính từ so sánh nhất, ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY: Ex: This is the most beautiful dress that I have All that is mine is yours You are the only person that can help us - Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính …) Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence (Chính bạn tơi viết câu này.) Trường hợp không dùng that: mệnh đề có dấu (,), ĐTQH có giới từ đứng trước Lưu ý: giới từ đứng trước whom which, khơng đứng trước who that Ví dụ: Peter, who/whom I played tennis with on Sunday, was fitter than me Or: Peter, with whom I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me Not: Peter, with who I played tennis on Sunday, was fitter than me Lưu ý cần nhớ mệnh đề quan hệ Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ giới từ đặt trước sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom which.) Ví dụ: Mr Brown is a nice teacher We studied with him last year ➨ Mr Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher ➨ Mr Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher Có thể dùng which thay cho mệnh đề đứng trước Ví dụ: She can’t come to my birthday party That makes me sad → She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad Ở vị trí túc từ, whom thay who Ví dụ: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , bỏ đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ:whom, which Ví dụ: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend The book you lent me was very interesting Các cụm từ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of … dùng trước whom, which whose Ví dụ 1: I have two sisters, both of whom are students She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her KHÔNG dùng THAT, WHO sau giới từ C Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ Active: Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề chủ động rút thành cụm phân từ (V-ing) - The man who stands at the door is my uncle => The man who is / was standing at the door is my uncle Passive: Ta dùng past participle (V 2ed) để thay cho mệnh đề đề quan hệ mang nghĩa bị động - The woman who is / was given a flower looks / looked very happy => The woman given a flower looks / looked very happy Rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu - Infinitive relative clause (active / passive) Mệnh đề quan hệ rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) trước đại từ quan hệ có cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặchình thức so sánh bậc a Active: - The first student who comes to class has to clean the board The first student to come to class has to clean the boa b Passive: - The only room which was painted yesterday was Mary’s The only room to be painted yesterday was Mary’s -TOPIC 13: PHRASAL VERBS Một số động từ kép thường gặp: - turn on: bật, mở - turn off: tắt - turn down: vặn nhỏ - turn up vặn lớn - look for tìm kiếm - look after chăm sóc = take care of - go on tiếp tục = continue - give up từ bỏ = stop - try on mặc thử - put on mặc vào - wait for chờ, đợi - depend on dựa vào BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 - escape from thoát khỏi - go out chơi - go away xa - lie down nằm xuống - come back quay - throw away quăng, ném - take off cất cánh, tháo - break down hư hỏng - run out (of) cạn kiệt - set off khởi hành - pass down chuyển giao - pull down dở xuống - live on sống nhờ vào -get over vượt qua - deal with giải quết vấn đề - turn up đến - close down ngừng kinh doanh - think over xem xét - get on with hòa thuận với - go on tiếp tục - face up to đối mặt với - dress up= put on smart clothes - turn down từ chối - cheer sb up làm cho vui - bring out phát hành - set up thành lập - look through đọc - find out tìm kiếm thơng tin -TOPIC 14: PREPOSITIONS I Các loại giới từ (Kinds of preposition): Giới từ thời gian (Prepositions of time): IN (trong, vào) dùng để buổi ngày (ngoại trừ at night), tháng, năm, mùa, thập niên, kỷ khoảng thời gian tương lai Ex: in the morning, in January, in 1990, in the summer, in the 1990s, in the 20th century, in the Middle Age, in ten minutes IN TIME: lúc, kịp lúc Ex: Will you be home in time for dinner? AT (vào lúc) dùng để thời điểm kỳ nghỉ (tòan ngày kỳ nghỉ) Ex: at o’clock, at night, at noon, at midnight, at bedtime, at dawn, at the weekend, at Christmas, at New Year, at Easter At : dùng số cụm từ thời gian: at the moment, at present, at the same time, at once, at that time, at first, at last ON (vào) dùng để ngày tuần, ngày tháng năm, ngày kỳ nghỉ buổi ngày cụ thể Ex: on Monday, on 5th January, on Christmas Day, on Monday morning, on one’s birthday ON TIME: Ex: The train arrived right on time FOR (trong) + khoảng thời gian: for two months, for a long time SINCE (từ, từ khi) + mốc thời gian: since last Monday, since 2002 BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 UNTIL/ TILL (đến, cho đến): until o’clock, till midnight BEFORE (trước, trước khi): before lunchtime AFTER (sau, sau khi): after luchtime DURING (trong, suốt): during World War II BY (vào lúc): by the end of May FROM … TO (từ … đến): from morning to noon Giới từ nơi chốn (Prepositions of place): • AT (ở, tại) dùng để vị trí điểm Ex: at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the airport, at the office, at the cinema, at the seaside, at the grocer’s, at the top/ bottom, at the beginning/ end, at the front/ back * Lưu ý: arrive at the village/ the airport/ the railway station But: arrive in Vietnam/ Ho Chi Minh City • IN (trong, trong) dùng để vị trí diện tích, khơng gian; dùng trước tên đường, tên thị trấn, thành phố, quốc gia, miền, phương hướng dùng với phương tiện lại xe (car) Ex: in a box, in a small room, in the countryside, in the world, in Oxford Street, in London, in Vietnam, in the east, in a car/ taxi * Lưu ý: in a car (trong xe hơi), but: by car (bằng xe hơi) • ON (trên, trên) dùng để vị trí bề mặt, số tầng tòa nhà, trước tên đường (US) dùng với số phương tiện lại Ex: on the table, on the wall, on the ground, on the first floor, on Albert Street, on a bus/ train/ plane/ (motor)bike/ horse, on foot On cịn dùng số cụm từ: on the left/ right, on the farm, on the coast/ beach, on TV/ radio… • ABOVE/ OVER (bên – không tiếp xúc với bề mặt) Ex: Her name comes above mine on the list The sign over the door said: “Exit” UNDER/ BELOW (ở dưới, dưới) Ex: The shoes are under the chair The temperature has fallen below zero IN FRONT OF (ở phía trước), BEHIND (ở phía sau), IN THE MIDDLE OF (ở giữa) Ex: I my raincoat in front of/ behind the door NEAR (gần) Ex: Is there a train station near here? NEXT TO, BY, BESIDE (bên cạnh, kế bên) Ex: Peter is standing by the gate BETWEEN (ở hai người/ vật), AMONG (ở nhiều người/ vật) Ex: Tom is sitting between Mary and Peter Tom is among the crowd BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 INSIDE (ở bên trong), OUTSIDE (ở bên ngòai) Ex: Luckily, no one was inside the building when it collapsed OPPOSITE (đối diện) Ex: They sat opposite each other Giới từ chuyển động (Prepositions of movement): TO (đến) Ex: He goes to school by bus FROM … TO (từ … đến) Ex: How far is it from New York to California? THROUGH (xuyên qua) Ex: They walked through the woods ACROSS (ngang qua) Ex: The children ran straight across in front of our car ROUND/ AROUND (quanh) Ex: The earth moves round/ around the sun ALONG (dọc theo) Ex: We had a walk along the river bank UP (lên)/ DOWN (xuống) Ex: We followed her up the stair TOWARD(S) (về phía) Ex: Mary stood up and walked towards Peter Một số giới từ khác: - Giới từ mục đích: for, to, in order to, so as to (để) - Giới từ nguyên nhân: for, because of, owning to (bởi vì) - Giới từ phương tiện: by, with (bằng), through (nhờ qua) - Giới từ thể cách: with ( với), without (khơng có) - Giới từ tương quan: according to (tùy theo), instead of (thay vì), in spite of (mặc dù) II Giới từ theo sau danh từ, tính từ động từ (Prepositions following nouns, adjectives, and verbs): Noun + preposition: FOR affection for: yêu mến demand for: nhu cầu reason for: lý responsibility for: trách nhiệm talent for: tài cure for: việc chữa trị cho IN rise in: phát triển, tăng decresase in: giảm experience in: có kinh nghiệm need for: cần thiết cho reputation for: tiếng regret for: nuối tiếc admiration for: khâm phục desire for: mong muốn increase in: phát triển, tăng belief in: tin interest in: thích, quan tâm BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 delay in: trì hõan OF cause of: nguyên nhân lợi knowledge of: kiến thức opinion of: ý kiến example of: ví dụ TO damage to: hư hại reaction to: phản ứng attitude to: thái độ threat to: đe dọa ON effect on: ảnh hưởng advice on: khuyên WITH relationship with: mối quan hệ contact with: tiếp xúc với link with: liên kết với BETWEEN difference between: khác biệt Adjective + preposition: ABOUT annoyed (with sb) about: bực tức anxious/ worried about: lo lắng careful about: cẩn thận careless about: bất cẩn concerned about: quan tâm confused about: nhầm lẩn AT amazed at: kinh ngạc bad at: dở (bad for: xấu cho) clever at: khéo léo excellent at: xuất sắc FOR available for: có sẵn eager for: nóng lòng chờ eligible for: xứng đáng cho famous for: tiếng known for: tiếng FROM absent from: vắng mặt advantage/ disadvantage of: thuận lợi/ bất lack of: thiếu benefit of: lợi ích sense of: ý thức invitation to: lời mời solution to: giải pháp access to: phương tiện reply to: đáp lại influence on: ảnh hưởng report on: báo cáo connection with: liên quan với association with: kết giao với trouble with: có vấn đề với comparison between: so sánh excited about: hào hứng furious about: điên tiết happy about: hạnh phúc sad/ upset about: buồn/ thất vọng serious about: nghiêm túc sorry about/ for: xin lỗi good at: dở (good for: tốt cho) quick at: nhanh nhẹn skillful at: khéo léo surprised at: ngạc nhiên late for: trễ necessary for: cần thiết cho responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm useful for: có ích cho free from/ of: thóat khỏi BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 different from: khác với safe from: an tòan IN disappointed in/ with: thất vọng involved in: có liên quan interested in: quan tâm rich in: giàu có, phong phú successful in: thành cơng OF afraid of: sợ full of: đầy ahead of: trước guilty of: có tội ashamed of: hổ thẹn independent of: độc lập aware/ conscious of: ý thức jealous of: ghen tị capable of: có khả proud of: tự hào certain of/ about: scared of: hoảng sợ confident of: tự tin short of: cạn kiệt envious of: ghen tị sure of: fond of: thích tired of: chán frightened of: sợ typical of: tiêu biểu TO accustomed to: quen grateful to sb for sth: biết ơn addicted to: nghiện opposed to: phản đối committed to: tận tụy harmful to: có hại cho contrary to: trái với important to: quan trọng với dedicated to: tận tụy married to: thành với devoted to: tận tâm open to: mở cho equal to: với similar to: tương tự với essential to/ for: cần thiết cho WITH acquainted with: quen với friendly with: thân thiện angry with/ at sb about sth: giận happy with/ about: hạnh phúc angry with/ at sb for doing sth: giận honest with: thành thật với bored with/ fed up with: chán với identical with: giống hệt với busy with: bận rộn với impatient with: kiên nhẫn với crowded with: đông đúc patient with: kiên nhẫn với disappointed with: thất vọng pleased/ satisfied with: hài lòng với familiar with: quen thuộc với popular with: phổ biến với OF/ TO generous/ good/ kind/ nice/ polite/ rude/ stupid… to sb generous/ good/ kind/ nice/ polite/ rude/ stupid… of sb to sth Verb + preposition: ABOUT care about sb/ sth: coi trọng remind sb about sth: nhắc nhớ (care for: thích) (remind sb of sb/ sth: gợi nhớ đến) complain about: phàn nàn talk about sb/ sth: nói chuyện dream about/ of sb/ sth: mơ tell sb about sb/ sth: nói với BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 forget about: quên think about/ of sb/ sth: nghĩ hear about sth: nghe nói warn sb about/ of sth: cảnh báo (hear from sb: nghe tin tức ai) worry about: lo lắng learn about: biết AT aim (sth) at sb/ sth: nhắm vào shout at sb: la mắng arrive at/ in: đến (shout to sb: goi lớn ai) glance at sb/ sth: liếc nhìn smile at sb: mỉm cười với laugh at sb: cười nhạo stare at sb/ sth: nhìn chăm look at sb/ sth: nhìn vào throw sth at sb: ném mạnh vào point (sth) at sb/ sth: chĩa vào (throw sth to sb: ném cho bắt) FOR apply for sth: nộp đơn xin leave (a place) for: rời để đến account for: giải thích look for sb/ sth: tìm kiếm apologize for: xin lỗi (look after sb/ sth: chăm sóc) ask sb for sth: yêu cầu pay for sth: trả tiền cho blame sb for sth: đổ lỗi cho search for sb/ sth: tìm kiếm excuse for: xin lỗi thank sb for (doing) sth: cảm ơn forgive sb for (doing) sth: tha thứ wait for sb/ sth: chờ đợi hope for sth: hy vọng FROM escape from: trốn thóat khỏi protect sb from sth: bảo vệ prevent sb from (doing) sth: ngăn chặn suffer from sth: chịu, bị (bệnh, đau khổ…) IN believe in sb/ sth: tin vào participate in: tham gia INTO crash into: tông, đụng vào cut into: cắt thành OF accuse sb of (doing) sth: buộc tội approve of: đồng ý, chấp thuận consist of sb/ sth: bao gồm die of/ from: chết ON concentrate on sth: tập trung vào congratulate sb on (doing) sth: chúc mừng comment on: phê bình depend on: phụ thuộc insist on (doing) sth: nài nỉ TO adapt to: thích nghi specialize in sth: chuyên succeed in (doing) sth: thành công divide/ split into: chia translate (from a language) into: dịch disapprove of sth: không đồng ý hear of: nghe tin suspect sb of (doing) sth: nghi ngờ think of: nghĩ live onsb/ sth: sống nhờ vào plan on: kế hoạch rely on: tin cậy spend (money) on sth: tiêu (tiền) explain sth to sb: giải thích cho BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 add to: thêm vào happen to sb/ sth: xảy với adjust to: điều chỉnh listen to: lắng nghe apologize to sb for (doing) sth: xin lỗi object to: phản đối complain to sb about sth: phàn nàn prefer … to …: thích … describe sth to sb: mơ tả cho talk/ speak to sb: nói với devote to: cống hiến WITH agree with: đồng ý fill with: làm đầy argue with: cãi với provide sb with sth: cung cấp collide with: tông, đụng vào (provide sth for sb: cung cấp) communicate with: giao tiếp supply sb with sth: cung cấp compare with/to: so sánh (supply sth to sb: cung cấp) -TOPIC 15: SOME OTHER STRUCTURES Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing ….? Do you mind if I + V (Hiện đơn)….? Would you mind if I + V (Quá khứ đơn) ….? Đổi q khứ đơn sang hồn thành S + last + V khứ đơn + thời gian + ago - S + V hoàn thành (phủ định) + for + thời gian - It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V khứ đơn - The last time + S + V khứ đơn + was + thời gian + ago This is the first time + S + HTHT khẳng định - S + HTHT never + before It takes / took + O + time + to-inf… S người + spend + time + V-ing… It is + adj + to-inf → V-ing + be + adj : thật … để … SO …THAT → SUCH … THAT TOO … + to-infinitive → ENOUGH … + to-infinitive SO …THAT / SUCH … THAT TOO … + to-infinitive / ENOUGH … + to-infinitive BÀI TẬP CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP ÔN THI TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10 - ... mended the windows d He is having the windows mended BÀI TẬP THEO CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10 33 They made her hand over her passport a She was made to hand over her passport b She was made... repaired d a&b 22 He was said……………….this building a designing b to have designedc to designs d designed 23 Ted………….by a bee while he was sitting in the garden a got sting b got stung c get stung d gets... the accident , …………? a was there b was he c were they d weren’t they 13 Renoir’s paintings ……… masterpieces all over the world a had considered b are considered c are considering d consider 14