• • Table of Contents Index PostgreSQL By Korry Douglas, Susan Douglas Publisher : Sams Publishing Pub Date : February 13, 2003 ISBN : 0-7357-1257-3 Pages : 816 Slots : 1 The definitive guide to working with the powerful PostgreSQL open source database system PostgreSQL leads the reader through the internals of the powerful PostgreSQL open source database Throughout the book, readers will find explanations of data structures and algorithms, each backed by a concrete example from the actual source code Each section contains information about performance implications, debugging techniques, and pointers to more information (on Web and in book form) The reader will find an easy to read, code-based approach that makes it easy to understand how each feature is implemented, how to best use each feature, and how to squeeze more performance from database applications Previously announced in 2/03 catalog Korry Douglas is the Director of Research and Development for Appx Software Over the last two decades, he has worked on the design and implementation of a number of high-level languages and development environments His products interface with many relational (and non-relational) databases Working with many different database products (Oracle, Sybase, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL, and MSQL) has given him a unique understanding of the commonalties of, and differences between databases • • Table of Contents Index PostgreSQL By Korry Douglas, Susan Douglas Publisher : Sams Publishing Pub Date : February 13, 2003 ISBN : 0-7357-1257-3 Pages : 816 Slots : 1 Copyright About the Authors About the Technical Reviewers About the Development Editor Acknowledgments We Want to Hear from You Reader Services Preface Introduction PostgreSQL Features What Versions Does This Book Cover? What Topics Does This Book Cover? Part I: General PostgreSQL Use Chapter 1 Introduction to PostgreSQL and SQL A Sample Database Basic Database Terminology Connecting to a Database Viewing Table Descriptions Prerequisites Creating Tables Adding New Records to a Table Installing the Sample Database Retrieving Data from the Sample Database Multi-Table Joins DELETE Creating New Tables Using CREATE TABLE AS Summary Aggregates UPDATE A (Very) Short Introduction to Transaction Processing Using VIEW Chapter 2 Working with Data in PostgreSQL NULL Values Character Values Date/Time Values Geometric Data Types BLOBs Sequences Column Constraints Creating Your Own Data Types Numeric Values Boolean (Logical) Values Object IDs (OID) Network Address Data Types Arrays Expression Evaluation and Type Conversion Summary Chapter 3 PostgreSQL SQL Syntax and Use PostgreSQL Naming Rules Creating, Destroying, and Viewing Databases Adding Indexes to a Table Transaction Processing Creating New Tables Getting Information About Databases and Tables Summary Chapter 4 Performance How PostgreSQL Organizes Data Gathering Performance Information Understanding How PostgreSQL Executes a Query Table Statistics Performance Tips Part II: Programming with PostgreSQL Chapter 5 Introduction to PostgreSQL Programming Server-Side Programming Client-Side APIs Choosing an Application Environment General Structure of Client Applications Summary Chapter 6 Extending PostgreSQL Extending the PostgreSQL Server with Custom Functions Returning Multiple Values from an Extension Function Internal and External Forms Defining the Data Type in C Defining the Input and Output Functions in PostgreSQL Summary Extending the PostgreSQL Server with Custom Data Types Defining a Simple Data Type in PostgreSQL Defining the Input and Output Functions in C Defining the Data Type in PostgreSQL Chapter 7 PL/pgSQL Installing PL/pgSQL Language Structure Cursors Summary Function Body Triggers Chapter 8 The PostgreSQL C APIlibpq Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 3Simple ProcessingPQexec() and PQprint() Summary Prerequisites Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Chapter 9 A Simpler C APIlibpgeasy Client 1Connecting to the Server Prerequisites Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 3Processing Queries Summary Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Chapter 10 The PostgreSQL C++ APIlibpq++ Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 3Processing Queries Summary Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Chapter 11 Embedding SQL Commands in C Programsecpg Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 3Processing SQL Commands Summary Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Chapter 12 Using PostgreSQL from an ODBC Client Application ODBC Architecture Overview Prerequisites Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Resources Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 3Processing Queries Summary Chapter 13 Using PostgreSQL from a Java Client Application JDBC Architecture Overview Prerequisites Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 3Processing Queries Summary Chapter 14 Using PostgreSQL with Perl DBI Architecture Overview Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 4An Interactive Query Processor Client 3Processing Queries Summary Chapter 15 Using PostgreSQL with PHP PHP Architecture Overview Prerequisites Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 4an Interactive Query Processor Summary Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 3Query Processing Other Features Chapter 16 Using PostgreSQL with Tcl and Tcl/Tk Prerequisites Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 3An Interactive Query Processor Summary Client 2Query Processing The libpgtcl Large-Object API Chapter 17 Using PostgreSQL with Python Python/PostgreSQL Interface Architecture Prerequisites Client 2Adding Error Checking Client 4An Interactive Command Processor Client 1Connecting to the Server Client 3Query Processing Summary Part III: PostgreSQL Administration Chapter 18 Introduction to PostgreSQL Administration Security User Accounts Server Startup and Shutdown Installing Updates Backup and Restore Tuning Localization Summary Chapter 19 PostgreSQL Administration Roadmap (Where's All My Stuff?) Installing PostgreSQL Managing User Accounts Arranging for PostgreSQL Startup and Shutdown Summary Managing Databases Configuring Your PostgreSQL Runtime Environment Backing Up and Copying Databases Chapter 20 Internationalization and Localization Locale Support Multibyte Character Sets Summary Chapter 21 Security Securing the PostgreSQL Data Files Securing Network Access Summary Securing Tables Index Copyright Copyright © 2003 by Sams Publishing FIRST EDITION: February 2003 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001098750 06 05 04 03 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Interpretation of the printing code: The rightmost double-digit number is the year of the book's printing; the rightmost singledigit number is the number of the book's printing For example, the printing code 03-1 shows that the first printing of the book occurred in 2003 Printed in the United States of America Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark Warning and Disclaimer This book is designed to provide information about PostgreSQL Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty of fitness is implied The information is provided on an as-is basis The authors and Sams Publishing shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it Credits Acquisitions Editors Stephanie Wall Elise Walter Development Editors Chris Zahn Paul DuBois Managing Editor Charlotte Clapp Senior Project Editor Lori Lyons Copy Editor Linda Seifert Senior Indexer SELECT single-column FROM securing 2nd privileges 2nd privileges [See privileges]2nd [See privileges]3rd [See privileges]4th [See privileges]5th [See privileges] selecting specific rows DISTINCT 2nd DISTINCT ON LIMIT 2nd NULL values 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th OFFSET ORDER BY 2nd 3rd 4th WHERE 2nd 3rd sizing 2nd in Python 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th table descriptions viewing 2nd 3rd temporary tables 2nd 3rd 4th TOAST updating viewing 2nd views 2nd 3rd 4th destroying Tcl (Tool Command Language) connections to server 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th installing 2nd interactive query processing 2nd 3rd 4th 5th libpgtcl library installing large-object API 2nd 3rd 4th loading shell programs in performance tips query processing 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th root window withdrawing rules for 2nd tclsh shell wish shell tclsh shell TCP/IP connections postmaster TCPIP SOCKET TEMPLATE=template-name clause templates in clusters temporal data types 2nd temporary tables creating 2nd 3rd 4th Term\ \ ReadLine territories locales tests predicate tests TEXT TG ARGV TG NARGS Tid Scan operator TIME TIME WITH TIME ZONE 2nd time zones abbreviations 2nd timer 2nd 3rd TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE TIMETZ tips for performance 2nd Tk graphical toolkit TkTable extension installing Tk graphical toolkit [See also Tcl] Tkinter GUI toolkit Tkinter toolkit Tktable TkTable extension installing Tktable widgets creating 2nd 3rd 4th TOAST table Tool Command Language [See Tcl] TRACE LOCK OIDMIN TRACE LOCK TABLE TRACE LOCKS TRACE LWLOCKS TRACE NOTIFY TRACE USER LOCKS tradeoffs for indexes 2nd transaction isolation 2nd 3rd 4th 5th transaction processing 2nd 3rd 4th single-command transactions 2nd 3rd transaction isolation 2nd 3rd 4th 5th transactions 2nd definition of PgTransaction libpq++ 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th single-command transactions 2nd 3rd transferring ownership TRANSFORM NULL EQUALS 2nd transformation operators geometric data types 2nd 3rd 4th translating between other encodings translation client/server translation multibyte character sets 2nd 3rd 4th trigger functions TRIGGER privilege triggers PL/pgSQL 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th creating predefined variables troubleshooting inheritance trust authentication method securing network access 2nd trust-level trusted languages truth table for three-valued AND operator for three-valued NOT operator for three-valued OR operator tuning administrator's roles 2nd tuples 2nd dead tuples 2nd 3rd 4th removing tuples [See rows] two-phase execution models APIs type conversion functions type conversion operators for geometric data types type conversions expressions type() function [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] UCS trnasformation formats [See UTF] unary operators undef do() UNENCRYPTED PASSWORD Unicode mappings translating between other encodings Unicode Consortium Unicode encoding standard 2nd UNIQUE column constraints 2nd table constraints 2nd unique identifiers sequences [See sequences] Unique operator 2nd Unix BSD Unix file permissions 2nd 3rd installing PostgreSQL from binaries from source [See source code, installing PostgreSQL on Unix/Linux systems] starting PostgreSQL on startup 2nd 3rd 4th 5th System V Unix UNIX SOCKET DIRECTORY UNIX SOCKET GROUP UNIX SOCKET PERMISSIONS UNIX systems ODBC data sources setting up Unix-domain sockets unixODBC installing 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th unpacking cygipc source code for installation on Unix/Linux systems 2nd 3rd 4th unquoted names UPDATE arrays UPDATE command 2nd 3rd 4th updates installing administrator's roles locking multi-versioning updating arrays 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th rows tables URLs DBI 2nd 3rd 4th JDBC 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th usage() use DBI use strict user accounts 2nd administrator's role in 2nd changing attributes of existing accounts ALTER USER creating new users 2nd 3rd createuser shell script group membership passwords privileges 2nd SYSID 2nd 3rd granting access removing DROP USER revoking access user-defined data types 2nd users creating UTF (UCS transformation formats) UTF-8 point space utilities rpmfind timer 2nd 3rd [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] VACUUM ANALYZE VACUUM command 2nd 3rd VACUUM FULL VACUUM MEM values adding 2nd 3rd 4th 5th checking for duplicates 2nd comparing with = operator converting multiplying 2nd printing in Python 2nd return values PgConnection\:\:Exec() VARCHAR variables environment variables psql indicator variables 2nd 3rd 4th PL/pgSQL 2nd ALIAS DECLARE 2nd 3rd 4th FOR loop 2nd function parameters 2nd pseudo data types 2nd 3rd 4th 5th RENAME predefined trigger variables scopes viewing connection attributes libpq 2nd 3rd 4th data in Python databases 2nd in clusters indexes schema search paths table descriptions 2nd 3rd tables 2nd views 2nd 3rd 4th definition of destroying Oracle-style dictionary views VIRTUAL HOST [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] WAL BUFFERS WAL FILES WAL SYNC METHOD wasNull() method (JDBC) WHERE matching patterns LIKE NOT LIKE selecting specific rows 2nd 3rd WHERE clause arrays CREATE INDEX command WHILE PL/pgSQL 2nd 3rd Windows installing PostgreSQL completing installation from binaries 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th from source ODBC data sources setting up 2nd Windows services configuring PostgreSQL as 2nd 3rd 4th wish shell withdrawing root window (Tcl) word characters wrapping OIDs sequences write history() write history() function writing extension functions in C 2nd 3rd [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] X/Open CLI (call-level interface) ODBC XOR (#) operators numeric data types ... But, you only get to see what the vendor wants you to see The vendor isn't trying to hide things from you (in most cases), but without complete access to the source code, they have to pick and choose how to expose information... For more information about this book or others from Sams Publishing, visit our Web site at www.samspublishing.com Type the ISBN (excluding hyphens) or the title of the book in the Search box to find the book you're looking for... equestrienne; Korry gets to clean the barn About the Technical Reviewers These reviewers contributed their considerable hands-on expertise to the entire development process for PostgreSQL As the book was being written, these dedicated professionals