PHOTOSHOP FOR VIDEO This page intentionally left blank PHOTOSHOP FOR VIDEO Richard Harrington AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier This eBook does not include ancillary media that was packaged with the printed version of the book Senior Acquisitions Editor: Associate Editor: Publishing Services Manager: Senior Project Manager: Assistant Editor: Marketing Manager: Cover Design: Interior Design: Paul Temme Dennis McGonagle George Morrison Brandy Lilly Chris Simpson Christine Degon Veroulis Dennis Schaefer Dennis Schaefer Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2007, Richard Harrington Published by Elsevier, Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (ϩ44) 1865 843830, fax: (ϩ44) 1865 853333, E-mail: permissions@elsevier.com You may also complete your request online via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Support & Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-240-80926-7 For information on all Focal Press publications visit our website at www.books.elsevier.com 07 08 09 10 11 Typeset by Charon Tec Ltd (A Macmillan Company), Chennai, India www.charontec.com Printed in Canada Dedication To my parents Thanks for teaching me about hard work and giving me your love and support throughout the years The sacrifices you have made for my education and well-being are deeply appreciated Who would have guessed that all those video games and early computers would lead to this? To my wife and children Thanks for your incredible patience and support throughout this project, for your understanding that the long hours and demands of the video industry not diminish my love and desire to spend more time with you You are the single most important part of my life To my extended family Your guidance and support have helped with the many twists in life’s road Thanks for helping me get on my feet and stay there This page intentionally left blank TABLE OF CONTENTS vii CONTENTS Dedication v Foreword xiii Introduction: The Gift of Giving xiv About the Author xvi Getting Started xvii How to Use This Book xvii Iconography xvii Disc Access xviii Installation xviii Mac Versus PC xix The Future xix For Instructors xix Chapter Make It Happen Reality Check Suggested Hardware Setting Up Photoshop Choosing Keyboard Shortcuts 11 Video’s Unique Requirements 12 A Few Basics 14 Chapter Pixels: Time for Tech 21 Pixel by Any Other Name Display Resolution Image Resolution Understanding Bit Depth Computer and Video Issues Luminance and Saturation Working with Document Presets Advice When Scanning 21 22 23 28 29 38 40 42 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Working with Digital Cameras Resizing Commands Resizing an Existing Image Final Advice 44 46 47 49 Chapter Why Layers? 53 What Are Layers? How Layers Work: Understanding Composite Images Storing Alternate Designs with Layer Comps Working with Smart Objects Blending Modes Export Issues with Layers Blending Mode Shortcuts 53 55 62 64 65 71 72 Chapter What About Transparency? 75 Essential Terminology Understanding Bit-Depth Selecting and Extracting Images The Easy Ways Refining Basic Selections Refine Edge Command Extract Filter Layer Masking Color Range Important Keyboard Commands for Selections Complex Selections with the Quick Mask Mode Masking versus Erasing Saving Selections as Paths Converting Channels into Masks Advice on Selections Creating Perfect Alpha Channels 75 75 76 77 80 81 81 82 85 86 86 88 88 90 94 96 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix Chapter Some Words on Words, Logos, and Symbols 103 Vector Type Using the Character Palette Using the Paragraph Palette Working with Type Color Testing and Improving Readability Special Typographic Effects Free Transform Command Warped Text Text on a Path Video Type Details Creating Lower Thirds Prepping a Logo for Animation Design Ideas Those Other Programs Exporting Apple Keynote Slides Sending Photoshop Text to After Effects EPS and Illustrator Files In the Know 103 106 109 110 112 112 113 114 114 115 119 121 123 128 131 131 131 133 Chapter Layer Styles: Bevels, Shadows, Glows, and More! 141 What are Layer Styles? Designing with Layer Styles Loading Prebuilt Styles Building Your Own Styles The Power of Contour Settings Gradients and Textures Creating Duotones and Sepia Tones with Layer Styles Importing Layer Styles into an NLE Importing Layer Styles into After Effects Final Advice when Working with Layer Styles 141 148 148 150 151 152 154 154 155 156 GLOSSARY looking through the lens at the exact same image that will be exposed to the film Smart Filters Starting with Photoshop CS3, you can apply filters to Smart Objects These filters are applied as Smart Filters, which leave the filter editable even after it has been first applied Smart Object Smart Objects were first introduced in Photoshop CS2 They allow you to embed a full-resolution raster image or a vector image into a layer Additionally, several layers can be grouped into a new Smart Object This adds greater flexibility when scaling or modifying a layer Snap When Snap is enabled, your selections and drawing tools will snap to a combination of guides, grids, selections, and document bounds Under the ViewϾSnap to command, you can select what Photoshop will snap to Snapshot command The Snapshot command lets you make a temporary copy (or snapshot) of any state of the image The new snapshot is added to the list of snapshots at the top of the History palette Selecting a snapshot lets you work from that version of the image Sponge tool The Sponge tool subtly changes the color saturation of an area In grayscale mode, the tool increases or decreases contrast by moving gray levels away from or toward the middle gray square pixels Pixels that are native to your computer are all square However, pixels in a few television signals are not, because the image dimensions of the file not fit in a 4:3 aspect ratio defined by the NTSC Therefore, they are squeezed taller to fit all the needed pixels into the aspect ratio The National Television System Committee, otherwise known as the NTSC, has set the standard that television, as we know it today, has a 4:3 aspect ratio, excluding HDTV, which is 16:9 This means that the size of a television image is three units high for every four units wide Video hardware that uses the 640ϫ480 dimension standard is in a 4:3 aspect ratio 391 640ϫ480 images have an aspect ratio of 4:3, which means that the square pixels on your computer stay square once converted in your video hardware This is the easiest system to design for because you don’t have to convert your images before going out to video However, video hardware that outputs 601 video (sometimes called D1) has a size of 720ϫ486, which does not work out to a 4:3 ratio This introduces the problem between square and non-square pixels Because the 720ϫ486 image must fit within a 4:3 aspect ratio, the pixels in that image are not square They are taller than they are wide, roughly 0.9 to Therefore, creating images on your square pixel computer monitor may look stretched out vertically when they go to NTSC video and stretched out horizontally on PAL video The same holds true for DV images They are 720ϫ480, which is not a 4:3 aspect ratio, either straight alpha channel A straight alpha channel is an alpha channel that does not follow the edge of your graphic material An example would be an image of a green circle Instead of the shape of the circle being determined by the color information of the graphic, it is defined by the alpha channel The graphic would look like a solid green canvas, and the alpha channel would be in the shape of a circle This allows the edges of the color to extend outside of the alpha channel, giving you a much cleaner key without the chances of a thin black or white line around the edge of the circle This is the preferred type of alpha channel However, Photoshop cannot calculate this for you If you want to obtain this type of alpha channel out of Photoshop, you need to plan your design ahead of time to be this way To achieve this kind of alpha, you must place a solid color layer into your background that matches the color of your glow/ drop shadow/ soft edge After Effects is one application that can take an image file with an alpha channel and turn the image into a new file with a straight alpha channel Note: When referring to a 392 GLOSSARY straight alpha channel, the alpha channel is actually no different than any other alpha channel; it is the color information in your image that is different subtractive color model A color model that creates black when the primary colors of the model are added together For example, adding Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (black) in the CMYK model will create black superblack Superblack is a level of black below 7.5 IRE, usually at IRE This is used for luminance keys The areas of your image that you want to be keyed out should be superblack, and the areas of your image that are black that you want to keep should be at 7.5 IRE tablet A tablet is a secondary input device that uses a pen to control the computer as opposed to a mouse This is extremely useful in Photoshop because it allows for pressure sensitivity and the feel of drawing with a pen instead of a mouse Wacom is the most popular manufacturer of tablets TARGA file The TARGA format was designed for systems using Truevision video boards It has become a standard format for PC users because it supports 24-bit RGB images (8 bits; color channels), and 32-bit RGB images (3 color channels plus an alpha channel) Photoshop 7.0 shipped with a bug in its TARGA module that improperly saved the alpha channel The free update to 7.0.1 or a separate TARGA download fixes this TIFF file The Tagged-Image File Format is a common cross-platform format that is supported by several applications Several scanners can create TIFF files as well, and it is a more efficient format for saving non-layered images The TIFF format supports RGB, CMYK, Lab, indexed color, and grayscale images with alpha channels Photoshop can also save layers in a TIFF file; however, other applications only see the flattened version TIFF is a good format for storing source photos title-safe area The title-safe area of an image is the portion of the image where all of the titles or graphics should be This is the inner box on a safe grid Any graphical elements that extend outside of the title-safe area run the risk of being cut off by the viewer’s television set TOYO TOYO Color Finder 1050 consists of more than 1000 colors based on the most common printing inks used in Japan The TOYO Color Finder 1050 Book contains printed samples of TOYO colors and is available from printers and graphic arts supply stores trackball A computer input device similar to a mouse Instead of moving the mouse, you roll a ball in a cradle to make equivalent mouse movements Trackballs provide more sensitivity and accuracy than a mouse, and some have four buttons that can be assigned to various functions tracking Tracking is the process of creating an equal amount of spacing across a range of letters TrueType font A scalable font technology that renders fonts for both the printer and the screen Originally developed by Apple, it was enhanced jointly by Apple and Microsoft TrueType fonts are used in Windows, starting with Windows 3.1, as well as in the Mac System operating system Unlike PostScript, in which the algorithms are maintained in the rasterizing engine, each TrueType font contains its own algorithms for converting the outline into bitmaps The lower-level language embedded within the TrueType font allows unlimited flexibility in the design Type Mask tool The Type Mask tool will create a selection of the shape of the text when type is entered as opposed to a color underscan Televisions crop the edges of your visuals because of a condition called overscan The edges of a television set are covered partially by the case of the television, and the ray gun inside the television that generates the image will slightly overshoot the surface of the viewable area of the TV This keeps unwanted portions of a video signal from being visible to the viewer However, this will also cut off portions of your signal that you want to be seen GLOSSARY Using safe grids will help you monitor what will be kept and lost during transmission Some video monitors have a feature called underscan, which will cause the image on the monitor to be squeezed down so that all of the image can be seen on screen This is not an accurate representation of what the audience will see when they watch your program Unsharp Mask filter Unsharp Mask locates pixels that differ from surrounding pixels by the threshold you specify and increases the pixels’ contrast by the amount you specify In addition, you specify the radius of the region to which each pixel is compared USB USB stands for universal serial bus USB was the original version of USB that had a maximum data transfer rate of 12 mbits/ second USB is used primarily for connecting keyboards and mice to computers However, there are USB scanners, cameras, and hard drives USB USB stands for universal serial bus USB is a high-speed serial bus that has a maximum data transfer rate of 480 mbits/ second USB is used primarily for connecting keyboards and mice to computers However, there are USB scanners, cameras, and hard drives Variations command The Variations command lets you adjust the color balance, contrast, and saturation of an image by showing you thumbnails of alternatives This is a good method for beginners, but does not offer the precise control of the other adjustment methods vector graphics Vector graphics are made up of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects called vectors Vectors describe an image according to its geometric characteristics For example, a circle in a vector graphic is made up of a mathematical definition of a circle drawn with a certain radius, set at a 393 specific location, and filled with a specific color You can move, resize, or change the color of the circle without losing the quality of the graphic Vector graphics are resolution-independent; that is, they can be scaled to any size and printed at any resolution without losing detail or clarity As a result, vector graphics are the best choice for representing bold graphics that must retain crisp lines when scaled to various sizes—for example, logos video filters Filters in Photoshop that are videospecific, such as De-interlace and NTSC colors Web Photo Gallery The Web Photo Gallery can be found under FileϾAutomate This function will automate Photoshop to generate a Web gallery of a folder of images on your machine It will generate thumbnail, HTML files, and the full-size images You can control the layout, image sizes, and content within the pages white point The white point of an image is a reference for what Photoshop believes to be the brightest portion of your image that is white From this white point, Photoshop can adjust the color balance of your image The white point is set in the levels or curves palette Wide Gamut RGB Wide Gamut RGB provides a very wide range of colors by using spectrally pure primaries The downside is that most of the colors in this gamut cannot be displayed on standard computer monitors or printed When editing a file, colors are often forced into the display space (clipped) and, consequently, your color adjustments may not appear as visible changes on the screen WORM disc WORM stands for Write Once Read Many Any single-session CD-R would be considered to be a WORM disc YCC Color space developed by Eastman Kodak that defines colors by luminance (Y) and two levels of chrominance (C and C) This page intentionally left blank INDEX 3D perspective, 124 601 mapping, 37–38, 358–59, 365, 370–71, 376 Accented Edges filter, 188 ActionFX, 151, 292–93 Actions, 289, 290–97 better, tips, 296–97 built-in, 292 creating, 294–95 finding, 292–94 modifying, 291 options, 297 saving, 295 Web sites, 338 Actions palette, 290–91, 296 Add Noise filter, 196 Adjustment layers, 232–34 defined, 232 masking, 232 Photo Filter, 233–34 power of, 232 See also Layers Adobe Bridge, 310–11 accessing, 310 batch-process, 311 as file browser, 310 Adobe Camera Raw interface, 45 Adobe Certified Experts, 335–36 Adobe Certified Training Providers (ACTP), 334 Adobe Exchange, 294 Adobe Lightroom, 45 Adobe Photoshop Album, 46 Adobe Production Studio bit depths supported, 351 file types supported, 350 graphics import, 352 imported Photoshop features, 351–52 Photoshop integration, 345–53 video frame export, 352 After Effects Colorama, 39, 273 exporting text to, 131 frame size, 349 importing Layer Styles into, 155–56 motion control photography with, 19 plug-in, 134 square pixel images and, 30 Alignment object, 58 paragraph, 110 in restoration, 251 text, 118 Alignment tools, 58, 61 Alpha channels, 13, 96–99 best results, 99 creating, 96–99, 159 defined, 13 Layer Styles and, 157 perfect, 96–97 premultiplied, 97–99 straight, 97–99 touching up, 225 Amayo, Johnathon, 20 Amundson, Michael H., 161–62 Angled Strokes filter, 188 Angle gradients, 272 Animations, posting, 304 Annotation tools, 328 Anti-aliasing, 36 Character palette menu, 109 defined, 13 levels, 109, 117 Apple Aperture, 46 Apple Final Cut Studio bit depths supported, 358 design with RGB/601 levels, 358–59 DVD Studio Pro design, 356 exporting video frames, 361 file types supported, 357 frame size, 354–55 graphics import, 360 graphics into motion import, 360 HD graphics, 355 imported Photoshop features, 359 oversized graphics, 356 Photoshop integration, 354–61 usage tips, 361 Apple iPhoto, 46 Apple Keynote slides, exporting, 131 Archiving, 328 Art History Brush tool, 170 Artistic filters, 180–83 Aspect ratio, 12, 30–34 pixel, 30–34 in restoration, 252 television, 12 Autodesk Combustion design with RGB/601 levels, 370–71 exporting video frames, 372 file types supported, 370 frame size, 370 graphic import, 372 image modes supported, 370 Photoshop features imported, 371 Photoshop integration, 370–73 usage tips, 372–73 Auto FX, 177 Automate commands, 289, 297–307 Batch, 297–98 Create Droplet, 300–301 PDF Presentation, 298–300 Web Photo Gallery, 301–3 Automation, 289–311 actions, 289, 290–97 commands, 289, 297–300 droplets, 289, 300–301 395 396 INDEX Automation (Contd ) scripts, 289, 307–10 tools, 289 Average filter, 183 Avid editing systems bit depths supported, 364 design with RGB/601 levels, 365 exporting video frames, 368–69 file types supported, 364 frame size, 362–63 HD graphics, 363 oversized graphics, 363 Photoshop features imported, 365 Photoshop features not imported, 366–68 Photoshop integration, 362–69 usage tips, 369 Background layer, 88 Backgrounds Actions file, 284 custom, creating, 50 gradients, 269–71 looping, 287 patterns, 277–82 photo sources, 275–77 recipes, 284–85 softening, 283–84 for video, 269–85 Backups, 14–15 Baseline shift, 108 Bas Relief filter, 204 Batch processing, 297–98 Batch Rename command, 311 Bevel and Emboss effect, 145–46 Bicubic Sharpening, 45 Bit depth, 13, 75–76 8-bit/channel, 28 16-bits/channel, 28 32-bits/channel, 28 Avid editing systems, 364 for color correction, 217–18 filters and, 174–75 Final Cut Studio support, 358 Production Studio support, 351 understanding, 75–76 Blending modes, 65–73 across applications, 67 defined, 66 illustrated, 68–70 secret of, 66–67 shortcuts, 72 Blur filters, 183–87 Blur More filter, 184 Blurring layers, 126 in restoration, 261–62 text, 118 Blur tool, 84, 88, 246 Books color, 337 design, 337 motion graphics, 337 Photoshop, 336 type, 336 Border command, 80–81 Box Blur filter, 184 Brightness adjustment, 230 Broadcast monitors, 11 Broadcast-safe colors, 38, 110–11 automation, 225 standard definition concerns, 230–31 See also Color(s) Brush stroke filters, 188–89 Built-in styles, 148–49 Burn tool, 247 Calculations command, 92–93 Canvas size, 12 defined, 46 units of measurement, 46–47 Canvas Size command, 46–47 Card readers, Certifications, 335–36 Chalk & Charcoal filter, 204 Channel Mixer, 227 Channels alpha, 13, 96–99 combining, 227 converting into masks, 90–94 multiple, converting, 92–94 paths and, 94–95 single, converting, 91–92 Character palette, 106–9 Chrome filter, 204 Cineon (.cin or dpx) file formats, 325 Client approval, 321–22 Clipping Mask, 60 Clone Stamp tool, 242–43, 279 Clouds filter, 201 CMYK mode, 174 Colorama, 273 Color Balance command, 222–23 Color cast, 235 Color correction, 217–38 adjustment layers, 232–34 approach, 217–18 balance, 222–23 bit depth selection, 217–18 broadcast-safe concerns, 230–31 color cast, 235 common problems, fixing, 234–35 curves, 221–22 exposure, 226–27 HD color space, 231 highlights, 236–38 levels, 219–20 red eye, 234–35 saturation, 223–25 shadows, 236–38 skin tones, 237 Colored Pencil filter, 180 Color Halftone filter, 198 Color Range command, 178 Color(s) books on, 337 broadcast-safe, 38, 110–11, 225 gradient, 270, 271 mode, 174 oversaturated, 39 Pantone, 111 pixel, 21 RGB, 36–38 settings, 10 text, 108 type, 110–11 Color Settings dialog box, 10 Conferences, 339 Contact Sheet II command, 304–6 Conté Crayon filter, 205 Contours, 151–52 Contract command, 80 Contrast adjustment, 230 Contrasting, 84 Craquelure filter, 210 Creative Cow, 344 Crop and Straighten command, 253, 306–7 INDEX Cropping with Crop tool, 47 with Power Crop technique, 48–49 speeding up, 49 straightening and, 253, 306–7 Crop tool, 47 Crosshatch filter, 188 Crystallize filter, 198 Cumulus plug-in, 258 Cursors preferences, Curves dialog box, 221–22 Custom filter, 212 Cutout filter, 180 Damaged photos See Restoration Dark Strokes filter, 189 Data sets, 135 Defined, 17 Defocusing, 275 De-Interlace filter, 35, 211 Design books on, 337 production versus, 30 testing during, 316–19 Despeckle filter, 196 Diamond gradients, 272 Diesel, Chank, 136–38 Difference Clouds filter, 201 Diffuse filter, 207 Diffuse Glow filter, 190 Digital cameras raw files, 44 working with, 44–46 Digital photos importing, 45 managing, 45–46 Displace filter, 190–91 Display resolution, 22–23 Display size, 23 Distort filters, 190–94 Distressed photo effect, 265–66 Document presets, 40–42 Photoshop 7, 41–42 Photoshop CS, 40–41 Photoshop CS2, 40–41 Photoshop CS3, 40 Dodge tool, 247 Dots per inch (dpi), 24 Droplets, 289 creating, 300–301 defined, 300 Drop shadows, 117, 142–43 options, 142–43 removing, 143 Dry Brush filter, 180 Dust & Scratches filter, 196–97 DVD-ROM, 18 DVD-RW/DVD-R, 321 DVD slideshow creation, 312 Echo Fire, 319–20 Edit Original command, 158 Effect layers, 177 Emboss effect, 145–46 Emboss filter, 208 Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files, 131–32 Encore DVD, designing for, 349 Equalize command, 229 Erasing, 88 Expand command, 80 Exporting Apple Keynote slides, 131 layers, 71 Photoshop text to After Effects, 131 PowerPoint slides, 130 Smart Objects, 71 video frames (Autodesk Combustion), 372 video frames (Avid editing systems), 368–69 video frames (Final Cut Studio), 361 video frames (Sony Vegas), 377 Export Layers to Files script, 307–8 Exposure command, 226–27 External testing, 320–21 Extract filter, 81–82, 213 Extrude filter, 208 Eyedropper tool, 85 Facet filter, 198 Fade command, 179 Fading filters, 178–79 historical sources, 256 Feather command, 81, 87 Feathering, 87 Fibers filter, 201 File formats alpha channel support, 326 397 Autodesk Combustion supported, 370 Avid editing systems support, 364 choosing, 323–27 Cineon (.cin or dpx), 325 EPS, 131–32 extensions, 324 Final Cut Studio support, 357 Illustrator, 131–33 JPEG, 26 OpenEXR (.exr), 325–26 Photoshop (.psd), 325 PICT (.pct), 326 PNG (.png), 26, 326 Production Studio support, 350 Sony Vegas supported, 376 Targa (.tga), 326 TIFF (.tif), 327 tips, 323–24 video industry, 325–27 File Handling preferences, 5–6 Files annotating, 328 flattening, 121 placing, 64–65 Fill layers, 54 with patterns, 125–26 Film Grain filter, 181, 259 Filter Gallery, 177 invoking, 213 stacking order, 177 Filters, 173–214 Accented Edges, 188 Add Noise, 196 Angled Strokes, 188 artistic, 180–83 Average, 183 Bas Relief, 204 before running, 174–75 blending, 178–79 blur, 183–87 Blur More, 184 Box Blur, 184 brush stroke, 188–89 Chalk & Charcoal, 204 Chrome, 204 Clouds, 201 Colored Pencil, 180 Color Halftone, 198 combining, 176 398 INDEX Filters (Contd ) compatibility, 173 Conté Crayon, 205 Craquelure, 210 Crosshatch, 188 Crystallize, 198 Custom, 212 Cutout, 180 Dark Strokes, 189 defined, 173–74 defining area affected by, 177–78 De-Interlace, 211 Despeckle, 196 Difference Clouds, 201 Diffuse, 207 Diffuse Glow, 190 Displace, 190–91 distort, 190–94 drawbacks, 175 Dry Brush, 180 Dust & Scratches, 196–97 Emboss, 208 Extract, 213 Extrude, 208 Facet, 198 fading, 178–79 Fibers, 201 Film Grain, 181 Find Edges, 208 Fragment, 198 Fresco, 181 Gaussian Blur, 184 Glass, 191 Glowing Edges, 208 Grain, 210 Graphic Pen, 205 guide to, 179–214 Halftone Pattern, 105 High Pass, 212 Ink Outlines, 189 interfaces, 176 Lens Blur, 184, 261–62, 275 Lens Correction, 191 Lens Flare, 202 Lighting Effects, 202 Liquify, 213 Maximum, 212 Median, 197 Mezzotint, 199 Minimum, 212 Mosaic, 199 Mosaic Tiles, 210 Motion Blur, 185 Neon Glow, 181 in new environments, 175–76 noise, 196–97 Note Paper, 205 NTSC Colors, 211 Ocean Ripple, 192 Offset, 213, 279 Paint Daubs, 181 Palette Knife, 181 Patchwork, 210 Pattern Maker, 213, 281–82 Photocopy, 205 Pinch, 192 pixelate, 198–99 Plaster, 206 Plastic Wrap, 182 Pointillize, 199 Polar Coordinates, 192 Poster Edges, 182 Radial Blur, 185 recommendations, 175–76 Reduce Noise, 197 render, 201–2 Reticulation, 206 Ripple, 193 Rough Pastels, 182 running through test, 175 selections, 177–78 Shape Blur, 185 sharpen, 203 Shear, 193 sketch, 204–6 Smart Blur, 185 Smart Sharpen, 203 Smudge Stick, 182 Solarize, 208 Spatter, 189 Spherize, 193 Sponge, 182 Sprayed Strokes, 189 Stained Glass, 211 Stamp, 206 stylize, 207–9 Sumi-e, 189 Surface Blur, 186 texture, 210–11 Texturizer, 211 third-party, 214 Tiles, 208 Torn Edges, 206 Trace Contour, 209 Twirl, 193 Underpainting, 183 Unsharp Mask, 255 Vanishing Point, 214 video, 211 Watercolor, 183 Water Paper, 206 Wave, 194 Web sites, 338 Wind, 209 ZigZag, 294 Find Edges filter, 208 FireWire Bridge/DA converter, Flattening files, 121 layers, 59–60 targeted, 157–58 Flexibility, preserving, 327 Flicker, 349–50 Fonts anti-aliasing benefits, 117 appearance on screen, 105–6 family, 106 overload, 18 sans serif, 104–5 selecting, 104–6 serif, 104–5 size, 107 style, 106 weight, 105 See also Text Foreground elements, 75 Fragment filter, 198 Frame grabs, 38 Frame size, 31 After Effects, 349 Apple Final Cut Studio, 354–55 Autodesk Combustion, 370 Avid editing systems, 362–63 issues, 317 native, 31 Premiere Pro, 345–48 Sony Vegas, 374–75 Free Transform command, 113, 123 Fresco filter, 181 Gallery Effects, 194 Garbage in - garbage out (GIGO), 174 Garbage mattes, 94 Gaussian Blur filter, 184 INDEX General preferences, 4–5 Glass bug, 127–28 Glass filter, 191 Global Light, 143 Glowing Edges filter, 208 Gradient Editor, 119, 270 Gradient Fill layer, 272–73 Gradient Map, 39, 228 defined, 273 modifying, 273–74 on photographic backgrounds, 276 Gradient masks, 232 Gradient overlays, 147 Gradients, 269–71 accessing, 269 angle, 272 blends, 270 creating, 152–53 defined, 54 diamond, 272 editing, 270 linear, 272 noise, 271 radial, 272 reflected, 272 stops, 270 using, 152–53 Gradient tool, 271–72 Gradient Wipe effect, 286 Grain filter, 210 Graphic Pen filter, 205 Graphics checking software, 319–20 Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), 26 Grow command, 80 Guides, Grid, Slices & Count preferences, Halftone Pattern filter, 105 Hand tool, 87 Hansen, Jayse, 101–2 Hardware, 2–3 Hawk, Larry, 268 Healing Brush tool, 243–44 defined, 243 Spot, 244 use steps, 243–44 using, 244 High-definition (HD) color space, 231 graphics, 348, 355, 363, 375 High-end video cards, 318 Highlights, fixing, 236–38 High Pass filter, 212 Histogram palette, 218 Historical sources fading, 256 working with, 241 History Brush tool, 169–70 History Log, 168 History Options dialog box, 167 History palette, 163 accessibility, 164 as edit assistant, 164 History Log option, 168 linear mode, 165, 167 nonlinear mode, 167 RAM and, 166 snapshots, 166–67 steps list, 165 History states accessing, 163–64 configuring, 163 RAM use, 163 How to Wow with PowerPoint, 128 Hyphenation, 110 Illustrator files, 131–33 Image modes, 13 Image Processor defined, 308 tasks, 308 use steps, 309 Image resolution, 23–26 dots per inch (dpi), 24 lines per inch (lpi), 23–24 pixels per inch (ppi), 24 print, 25 samples per inch (spi), 24 Web, 26 Images aging, 215 equalizing, 229 extracting, 76–77 group, renaming, 311 inverting, 229 raster, 22 resizing, 47–49 selecting, 76–77 still, enhancing for video, 239 Web, 27 Image Size command, 27, 46 399 Importing digital photos, 45 graphics (Final Cut Pro), 360 graphics in motion, 360 graphics (Sony Vegas), 377 Layer Styles, into After Effects, 155–56 Layer Styles, into NLE, 154–55 Ink Outlines filter, 189 Inner glows, 144–45 Inner shadows, 144 Integration, Interface preferences, Interlaced displays, 34–36 Invert command, 229 Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format, 26 Kerning, 107–8 Keyboard shortcuts, 11–12 blending modes, 72 defining, 11–12 modifying, 11–12 new, creating, 12 taken, 12 tools, 15 Keystoning, 254 Language, setting, 109 Lasso tool, 78 Layer Comps, 62–64 creating, 62–63 defined, 62 updating, 63 using, 63–64 Layer Groups, 61–62 Layer masks, 82–84 converting channels into, 90–94 creating, 83–84 defined, 82 effective, 83 erasing versus, 88 refining, 84 resolution and, 83 touching up, 225 Layers, 53–74 adjustment, 232–34 Background, 88 blurring, 126 color-coding, 61 contents, 53 400 INDEX Layers (Contd ) creating, 54 defined, 53 deleting, 54, 55 dragging, 122 duplicating, 54 effect, 177 export issues, 71 fill, 54 flattening, 59–60 functioning of, 55–62 Gradient Fill, 272–73 hidden, 82 linking, 58 locking, 59 mapping, 60 merging, 59–60 naming, 57 organization, 57–62 un-nesting, 122 working with, 14 Layers palette, 55–57 Layer Styles, 141–48 accessing, 149 alpha channels and, 157 applying, 142 bevel, 145–46 building, 150–51 complexity, 156 contours, 151–52 creating, with photos, 160 defined, 141 designing with, 148 drop shadow, 142–43 duotones with, 154 emboss, 145–46 gradient overlay, 147 importing into After Effects, 155–56 importing into NLE, 154–55 inner glow, 144–45 inner shadow, 144 outer glow, 144–45 pattern overlay, 147 prebuilt, loading, 148–49 satin, 146–47 saving, 150 sepia tones and, 154 sharing, 150–51 shortcuts, 156–57 sizing, 149 stroke, 148 turning into multilayered effect, 157 updating, 158 Web sites, 338 working with, 156–59 LCD (least common denominator) test, Leading, 107 Learning opportunities, 333–39 Lens Blur filter, 184, 261–62, 275 Lens Correction filter, 191 Lens Flare filter, 202 Levels command, 219–20 Lighting Effects filter, 202 Linear gradients, 272 Lines per inch (lpi), 23–24 Liquify filter, 213 Logos distressed, 124–25 lighting from behind, 126 prepping for animation, 121–22 standards, 118–19 Looping backgrounds, 287 Low-end video cards, 319 Lower thirds creating, 119–21 custom, designing, 119–20 using, 135 Luminance capture, 39 defined, 36 ranges, 13 Magic Wand tool, 79–80 defined, 79 selections, 79 trying out, 80 Use All Layers option, 79 Magnetic Lasso tool, 78–79 Mattes defined, 75 garbage, 94 painting, 100 touching up, 225 Max, Rachel, 331 Maximum filter, 212 Median filter, 197 Megapixels, 25 Mezzotint filter, 199 Minimum filter, 212 Minus Eyedropper, 85 Mitchell, Greg, 172 Monitors broadcast, 11 NTSC, 2, 316–21 second, Mosaic filter, 199 Mosaic Tiles filter, 210 Motion Blur filter, 185 Motion-control 3D, 267 Motion-control photography, 19 Motion graphics resources, 337 Motion menus, 171 Mouse, two-button, Move tool, 58 National Television Standards Committee See NTSC Neon Glow filter, 181 New dialog box, 32–33 NLE importing Layer Styles into, 154–55 information, 322 Noise filters, 196–97 Non-square pixels, 13–14, 322–23 Note Paper filter, 205 Notes tool, 328 NTSC Colors filter, 211 monitors, 2, 316–21 native sizes, 31 Objects aligning, 58 distributing, 58 Ocean Ripple filter, 192 Offset filter, 213, 279 Old photo effect, 264 Oleksy, Kevin, 288 Online color wheel, 40 Opacity, 56 OpenEXR (.exr) file format, 325–26 Options bar, 17 Outer glows, 144–45 Paint Daubs filter, 181 Palette Knife filter, 181 Palette popping, 17 PAL format, 29 defined, 29 native sizes, 31 PanosFX, 293 Pantone colors, 3, 111 INDEX Paragraph palette, 109–10 Paragraphs, 109–10 alignment, 110 indents, 110 spacing, 110 Patch tool, 245 Patchwork filter, 210 Paths channels and, 94–95 creating with Pen tool, 89–90 saving selections as, 88–90 text on, 114–15 Patterned tiles, 277–78 Pattern Maker filter, 213, 281–82 Pattern overlays, 147 Patterns, 54 creating, 153 creating, from photos, 279–82 fill with, 125–26 free, 278 sampling/remixing, 282 tiling, 277–78 using, 153 PDF Presentation command, 298–300 Pen tool, 89–90 Performance preferences, 6–7 Phase Alternate Line See PAL format Photocopy filter, 205 Photo Filter adjustment layers, 233–34 Photoshop psd file format, 325 Autodesk Combustion integration, 370–73 Avid editing systems integration, 362–69 books on, 336 broadcast monitor with, 11 color settings, 10 Final Cut Studio integration, 354–61 preferences, 4–10 Production Studio integration with, 345–54 setting up, 310 Sony Vegas integration, 374–77 Web sites, 337–38 Photoshop for Video Forum, 344 Photoshop Toolbox, 42 PICT (.pct) file format, 326 Pinch filter, 192 Pixelate filters, 198–99 Pixels, 21–50 aspect ratio, 29, 30–34 color, 21 defined, 21 dimensions, 47 non-square, 13–14, 322–23 quantity, 22 resource, 29 Pixels per inch (ppi), 24 Place command, 48, 64–65 Plaster filter, 206 Plastic Wrap filter, 182 Plug-In Commander, 186 Plug-Ins folder, 18 Plug-Ins preferences, Plus Eyedropper, 85 PNG-24 format, 26 PNG (.png) file format, 26, 326 Pointillize filter, 199 Polar Coordinates filter, 192 Polygonal Lasso tool, 78 Pop.com, 344 Poster Edges filter, 182 Posterization, 230 Power Crop technique, 47–48 PowerPoint, 128–30 guidelines, 129–30 sins, 129 slides, exporting, 130 Preferences Cursors, File Handling, 5–6 General, 4–5 Guides, Grid, Slices & Count, Interface, Performance, 6–7 Plug-Ins, resetting, at launch time, 18 setting, 4–10 Transparency & Gamut, 7–8 Type, 10 Units & Rulers, Premiere Pro frame size, 345–48 HD graphics, 348 oversized graphics, 349 Photoshop integration, 345–53 See also Adobe Production Studio Pressure-sensitive pens, 401 Print resolution, 25 Production, design versus, 30 Quick Mask mode, 16 for advanced selections, 16 complex selections with, 86–88 Quick Selection tool, 80 Radial Blur filter, 185 Radial gradients, 272 RAM History palette and, 166 history states use, 163 maxed-out, recommended, Raster images, 22 Raster information, 103 Raw files, 44 Readability, 112 Red eye, 234 Reduce Noise filter, 197 Refine Edge command, 81 Reflected gradients, 272 Reflections, 123 Render filters, 201–2 Replace Color command, 230 Resizing commands, 46–47 existing images, 47–49 with Power Crop, 47–48 Resolution display, 22–23 image, 23–26 masking and, 83 print, 25 Web, 26 Restoration, 241–66 alignment, 251 aspect ratio, 252 with Blur and Sharpen tools, 246 blurring, 261–66 with Clone Stamp tool, 242–43, 279 with Crop and Straighten, 253 damage control, 259–60 distressed photo, 265–66 with Dodge and Burn tools, 247 flicker, 249–50 grain, 259 with Healing Brush tool, 243–44 hiding elements in, 246–47 historical sources, 241, 256 402 INDEX Restoration (Contd ) holes, 248 keystoning, 254 modern sources, 242 old photo, 264 with Patch tool, 245 physical blemishes, 248–49 ripped edges, 263 scan lines, 259–60 shot composition, 251 sky, 257–58 with Smudge tool, 246–47 soft focus, 255 with Sponge tool, 247 tears, 248 video demonstration, 248 wrinkles, 248 Reticulation filter, 206 RGB 601 mapping versus, 37–38 Autodesk Combustion and, 370–71 Avid editing systems and, 365 Final Cut Studio and, 358–59 mode, 174 Sony Vegas and, 376 Y, R-Y, B-Y color versus, 36–37 Ripped edges, 263 Ripple filter, 193 Rogers, Frank, 139–40 Rough Pastels filter, 182 Rozzell, Liane G., 216 Rubino, Neil, 74 Safe-title area, 115–16 Samples per inch (spi), 24 Sans serif, 104–5 Satin, 146–47 Saturation, 223–25 fixing, 223 isolate for adjustment, 224–25 oversaturation test, 224 with Sponge tool, 247 Scaling, 108 Scan lines, 259–60 Scanners recommendations, use recommendations, 42–44 Scanning recommendations, 42–44 ScopoGigio, 320 Scratch disk, 6, 170 Screened area, 275 Scripts, 289, 307–10 creating, 309–10 Export Layers to Files, 307–8 Image Processor, 308–9 loading, 310 Seck, John Mark, 313–14 Selections advice, 94–95 complex, with Quick Mask mode, 86–88 filter, 177–78 keyboard commands for, 86 moving, 86 refining, 80–81 saving, as paths, 88–90 smoothing out, 178 tools, 77–80 Selective Color command, 230 Serif, 104–5 Shadow/Highlight command, 236 Shadows casting, 127 drop, 117, 142–43 fixing, 236–38 Shape Blur filter, 185 Sharpen filters, 203, 246 Shear filter, 193 Shot composition, 251 Similar command, 80 Sketch filters, 204–6 Skills evaluation, Skin tones, 237 Sky clouds, 258 missing, 257–58 perfect, 258 Smart Blur filter, 185 Smart Filters, 283 Smart Objects defined, 64 exporting, 64 options, 65 vector preservation, 23 working with, 64–65 SmartQuotes, 10 Smart Sharpen filter, 203 Smooth command, 80 Smudge Stick filter, 182 Smudge tool, 84, 88, 246–47 Snapshots, 166–67 creating, 166 defined, 166 saving, 167 Soft focus, 255 Solarize filter, 208 Sony Vegas bit depths supported, 376 design with RGB/601 levels, 376 DV-based projects, 375 exporting video frames, 377 file types supported, 376 frame size, 374–75 HD graphics, 375 importing graphics, 377 oversized graphics, 375 Photoshop features imported, 376 Photoshop integration, 374–77 usage tips, 377 Spatter filter, 189 Spell-checker, 115 Spherize filter, 193 Sponge filter, 182, 247 Spot Healing Brush tool, 244 Sprayed Strokes filter, 189 Stained Glass filter, 211 Stamp filter, 206 Stephens, Glen, 240 Stroke effect, 148 Styles palette, 150 Stylize filters, 207–10 Sumi-e filter, 189 Surface Blur filter, 186 Tablets, Targa (.tga) file format, 326 Taylor, Angie, 51–52 Tech support, 18, 341–44 with purchase, 341 tips, 342–43 types, 341 on Web, 343–44 Text alignment, 118 on a path, 114–15 blurring, 118 books on, 336 color, 108, 110–11 distressed, 124–25 drop shadows, 117 effects, 112 enhancement buttons, 108–9 exporting to After Effects, 131 INDEX flipping, 115 logos, 118–19 modifying, 113 moving, along path, 114 paragraph, 110 on pattern, 117–18 point, 110 safe-title area, 115–16 selecting without highlight, 105 space, 118 spell-checker, 115 vector, 103–6 warped, 114 Text tool, 105 Textures creating, 73 filters, 210–11 Texturizer filter, 211 The Plug-in Site, 186 Third-party filters, 214 Threshold command, 229 TIFF (.tif ) file format, 327 Tiles, patterned, 277–78 Tiles filter, 208 Tinting photos, 238 Toolbox, 15–16 Tools Art History Brush, 170 Blur, 84, 88, 246 Burn, 247 Clone Stamp, 242–43, 279 Crop, 47 Dodge, 247 Eyedropper, 85 Gradient, 271–72 Hand, 87 Healing Brush, 243–44 History Brush, 169–70 keyboard shortcuts, 15 Lasso, 78 Magic Wand, 79–80 Magnetic Lasso, 78–79 Move, 58 Notes, 328 Patch, 245 Pen, 89–90 Polygonal Lasso, 78 Quick Selection, 80 Sharpen, 246 Smudge, 84, 88, 246–47 Spot Healing Brush, 244 Text, 105 usefulness, 16 Tools for Television, 292 Tool Tips, Torn Edges filter, 206 Trace Contour filter, 209 Tracking, 108 Transparency, 56, 75–100 adding, 88 opacity versus, 56 Transparent & Gamut preferences, 7–8 Tutorials/support Web sites, 338 Twirl filter, 193 Type See Fonts; Text Type preferences, 10 Underpainting filter, 183 Undos, multiple, 165–66 Units & Rulers preferences, Unsharp Mask filter, 255 Vanishing Point filter, 214 Variations command, 230 Vectors defined, 103 graphics, 22 type, 103–6 VHS testing, 320 Video alpha channels, 13 anti-aliasing, 13, 36 aspect ratio, 12, 30–34 403 bit depth, 13, 28, 75–76 canvas size, 12 filters, 211 graphics, 24 image modes, 13 interlacing, 34 luminance ranges, 13 non-square pixels, 13–14, 322–23 still image enhancement for, 239 text, 115–19 unique requirements, 12–14 Web images for, 27 Video cards, 318–19 high-end, 318 low-end, 319 Video Preview command, 316–18 VideoScope, 320 Warped text, 114 Watercolor filter, 183 Water Paper filter, 206 Wave filter, 194 Web formats, 26 Web images, 27 Web Photo Gallery, 301–3 defined, 301 for dynamic keyboards, 302 use steps, 302–3 Web resolution, 26 Web sites, Photoshop, 337–38 Wind filter, 209 WordArt, 132–33 Workspaces, 17 Worldwide Users Group (WWUG), 344 Wrist guards, X-height, 105 ZigZag filter, 294 This page intentionally left blank Book Design The chapter headings of this book were designed by Ben Miners, Bradley Grosh, and Sean Rodwell of Digital Vision ... Adobe Evangelist site for more advanced articles on Photoshop and all other Adobe products An instructor’s guide is available on the Photoshop for Video website (www.PhotoshopforVideo.com) It contains.. .PHOTOSHOP FOR VIDEO This page intentionally left blank PHOTOSHOP FOR VIDEO Richard Harrington AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO... using Photoshop for digital video In fact, motion picture and video professionals rely on Adobe Photoshop every day to retouch frames, design titles, and create sophisticated graphics for animation