MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND GEOLOGY HO VIET THINH STRENGTHENING HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM FROM ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE MAJOR: ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT CODE: 9.31.01.10 DISSERTATION SUMMARY OF DOCTOR OF ECONOMICS HA NOI - 2019 THE DISSERTATION IS COMPLETED AT: HANOI UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND GEOLOGY Name of Scientific Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Do Huy Tung Reviewer 1: Prof Dr Bui Xuan Phong Reviewer 2: Dr Nguyen Duy Lac Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Hong Thai The disertation is defensed at the University doctoral review Board at o’clock date month year The dissertation can be found at: Hanoi National Libraryor Ha Noi University of Mining and Geology’s Library PREFACE The Importance of Research Topic Education, especially higher education always plays an important role in the training of high quality human resources having good moral qualities, good at expertise, acumen, creative and having competency to catch up with the Global integration and development, thereby contributing to promoting the National economy development The role of Higher education become more important when the Fourth Industrial Revolution is having a great impact on all contries and nations For developing countries like Vietnam, Higher education is playing a key role, makes education, economy and culture of the country proactively participate in international economic integration On the other hand, only Higher education really contributes, quickly shortens lagging gap between Vietnam and developed countries Therefore, the State of Vietnam has always determined that investment in education should be of the first concern and priority, education and training are considered as factors that determine the success or failure of the nation This is also clearly reflected in the Education Law passed by the Xth National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at the 9th session on the 4th of December 2009: "Education and training is the first priority of the national policy, is career of the State and of the whole people " In the process of international economic integration, Vietnam’s higher education has accessed to modern development trends, good experiences of education in the world, promoting cooperation in the process of educational development At the same time, it also has conditions to attract resources for educational development from abroad, especially for larger investments in infrastructure , teaching equipment, modernization of learning conditions and forces of educational expert However, besides the great opportunities, international economic integration also brings challenges to Vietnam's higher education such as: (1) Ensure education commitments within the framework of the General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS) as well as protect national sovereignty, fulfilling the basic objectives of education; (2) The quality of Vietnam’s higher education is still low, hasn’t met the demand for human resources in the context of strong development of science and technology; (3) Competitiveness of Vietnam’s higher education institutions is limited, is incapable of participating in international education competition, is incapable of attracting a lot of foreign students to Vietnam To facing those challenges, transforming challenges into opportunities for educational institutions and improving the quality of education in Vietnam, we need a scientific and systematic management for higher education institutions In recent times, management activities for higher education have been gradually improved Management thinking for higher education has been renewed towards quality management with specific steps and in accordance with practical requirements The financial and facilities management of higher education institutions has also been developed and completed to ensure the necessary conditions for the quality of higher education Doing multichannel the supplying system and variability the level of funding for higher education; encouraging foreign investment in higher education; value and attract investment resources from outside, etc However, management activities for higher education still reveal many limitations and disadvantages such as: Incompleted legal framework for decentralization in management of higher education institutions, especially financial and investment management; The management institutions of higher education is slowly reformed and also focuses on administrative management; The management system of higher education is lacking in synchronization; The development policy of higher education has been targeted but has not yet shown the effectiveness and reality The tools of financial policy and investment policies for higher education have not been promoted; Institutions and policies on tuition, fees and scholarships have not really ensured fairness in higher education on the rights and obligations of students; The checking, supervising and handling violations of higher education activities have not been effectively implemented The above limitations and disadvantages are putting an urgent need to have feasible and scientific solutions to enhance the management of higher education in Vietnam from an economic perspective Based on that fact, the study of the problem of "Strengthening the higher education management in Vietnam from an economic perspective" is the topic of Economic management Doctoral Dissertation which is necessary as well as has deep theoretical and practical significance Research Purpose Proposing scientific and practical bases for solutions to enhance the management of Vietnam’s higher education from an economic perspective in the coming years in order to orient development, improve quality and efficiency of Higher education management to meet the development goals of country Research Subject and Scope a Research subject: The research subject of the dissertation topic includes the content and factors affecting the State management on economic for Vietnam’s higher education b Research scope: - Scope of content, the dissertation topic mainly researches the contents of State management on economics for Vietnam’s higher education - Scope of space and time: The dissertation studies the management of higher education from an economic perspective in Vietnam in the period of 2013 - 2017; Solutions applied to Vietnam’s higher education in the period of 2019 - 2025 Research Methodology In order to implement the research orientation, the dissertation uses the main research methods: - General theory: used to collect secondary information for theoretical research through official documents and reports on management of higher education - Descriptive statistics method: Used to study documents, study previous studies of relevant domestic and foreign authors Moreover, this methods help to find research gaps and to orient the research topic At the same time, it also supports to analyze the current situation, causes and factors affecting higher education management from an economic perspective in our country in the past time It is considered as basics to propose solutions for strengthening the management about economics for higher education in our country - Methods of analysis and synthesis, evaluation: Used to study documents related to the dissertation through dividing the content into each part, aspect, constituent element to discover trend, the dissertation in research, at the same time arranging the system of research content to refine the data and draw logical reasoning to follow the object and research objectives of the dissertation - Expert method: Used to point out the causes of economic management status for higher education in Vietnam in the period of 2013 - 2017 and propose solutions to strengthen economic management for higher education in Vietnam in the coming time - Inductive method: Based on different ways of thinking, approaching, synthesizing, evaluating and combining personal opinions to generalize into general issues and recommendations for Vietnam Scientific and practical significance of the dissertation 5.1 Scientific significance of the dissertation The research results of the dissertation contribute to clarifying and adding to the system of theoretical basis of state management for higher education 5.2 Practical significance of the dissertation Firstly: Assess the status of higher education management Point out the achievements, limitations and causes of limitations in higher education management from an economic perspective Secondly: Proposing solutions to strengthen higher education management from an economic perspective in the socialist-oriented market economy New contributions of the topic Firstly, in terms of scientific development: The dissertation systematizes and supplements the theoretical basis of higher education management from an economic perspective, in which economic management activities are approached from a state management perspective; On the basis of the content of state management on higher education, the dissertation introduce the criteria for assessing higher education management from an economic perspective and a scale system to help quantify criteria for assessing higher education management These criteria and scale system can also be used as a basis for analyzing the situation and proposing solutions to strengthen higher education management from an economic perspective suitable to the higher education development strategy of our country in the coming time and suitable to the trend of globalization of higher education Secondly, in terms of practice: On the basis of the scales that have been built, the dissertation conducts data survey and assesses higher education management from an economic perspective in our country in the recent period in order to show the achievement of higher education management from an economic perspective according to the criteria given out, quantify the influence of factors affecting higher education management and propose economic solutions to enhance the management of higher education in our country in the coming period Structure of the dissertation Besides the preamble, conclusion, reference, appendix, the dissertation is structured into chapters CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHING WORKS RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION AND RESEARCHING METHOD 1.1 Research works related to the thesis and research a Domestic research projects It can be affirmed that so far, there have been many research works related to higher educational management These works are very useful in orienting, providing the higher educational management content and method in order to improve the effectiveness of the management and quality of higher education However, it is possible to generalize some of the general issues about research projects related to the dissertation as follows: - About approach: The researches on higher educational management about economics in our country during the past have mainly been approached from the decentralization, financial autonomy of higher education but not yet approached from an economic management perspective The researches on state management on higher education mainly address the limitations of the higher education quality in our country There are no real studies on state management for higher education from an economic perspective in our country - About the scope of research: The researches on higher educational management in our country during the past have mainly been implemented either with public Universities or non-public Universities However, there should be comprehensive researches for all Universities to get an overall view of higher educational management, creating equal conditions for Universities to develop together - About the content: The researches on educational management in our country in recent times have mainly been approached in the direction of improving the quality of education or decentralizing management for higher education activities There are currently no deep researches on economic management of higher education in Vietnam with the contents of economic management such as planning, enforcement, examination and evaluation of the implementation of economic policies on education - About the method: The research has pointed out the factors affecting the higher educational management and analyzed the influencing factors on the secondary database However, management activities are often related to managed subjects and the perception, attitude and feeling of managed subjects to management decisions , this causes a significant impact on management effectiveness Therefore, it is necessary to have quantitative research based on primary data, especially survey data from managed subjects on management decisions as well as quantitative data assessing the impact of factors affecting higher educational management from an economic perspective, thereby drawing the conclusions and solutions to enhance the higher education management from an economic perspective b Overseas research works Overseas studies provide a number of valuable theoretical and experiential issues about macro management, how to control universities in the direction of promoting autonomy and social responsibility However, there are aspects that are not suitable for domestic circumstances, conditions and views These works are also references used by the author in the process of carrying out the dissertation c The remaining content and issues that the dissertation continues to study - About approach: The higher education management in economics is approached from the state management perspective for higher education through economic management tools such as the legal system, strategies and policies for developing higher education and management mechanisms for higher education institutions, including: monitoring, evaluation and financial handling for educational management activities; - About the scope of research: The higher education management in economics is studied overally to create equal and environmental conditions for the development of educational institutions, thereby improving the quality of education of the country; - About the content of the research: (1) Continuing to complete the theoretical basis of higher education management from an economic perspective, especially clarifying the content and tools used and criteria for evaluation of educational management from an economic perspective; (2) Research and evaluate the status of education management from an economic perspective for Vietnam in the period 2013-2017 on the basis of secondary and primary data, especially the primary data on the level according to the economic management criteria for higher education which are collected from managed subjects; (3) Proposing some solutions to enhance the higher education management in Vietnam from an economic perspective 1.2 Data collection and processing method 1.2.1 Data collection methods a Secondary data collection method The author collects, systemizes and analyzes published domestic and overseas documents and research works related to higher education from an economic perspective such as: system of legal documents related to higher education from an economic perspective, strategic and development policies for higher education in the period 20102025; scientific articles, curriculum, scientific research topics, doctoral dissertation, etc This method helps to find out theoretical and practical gaps so that the dissertation can contribute On that basis, it will systematize the theoretical basis of higher education from an economic perspective, as a basis to formulate the research theoretical framework as well as identify the observed variables to be included in the model of analysis and design of survey tables It is expected that the number of variable groups included in the survey is 5: legal system for higher education; quality of strategy and policy for higher education development; implementing strategies and policies for higher education development; checking the status of legal implementation and policies at the educational institutions; conformity of development policies for higher education; etc b Primary data collection method Primary data of the dissertation is collected by method of expert interview and survey by questionnaire for managers and higher education institutions - Expert Interview The purpose of the interview is to obtain deep and multi-dimensional evaluated information about the educational management activities from an economic perspective, at the same time to orient solutions to enhance Vietnam's educational management from an economic perspective to be consistent with the context of Vietnam - Questionnaire survey for State management officials on economics higher education and higher education institutions The purpose of the survey is to collect information on the current status as a basis for analysis and evaluate higher educational management in economic and propose solutions of higher educational management in economic in our country in the future The questionnaire is designed to collect information based on the system of evaluation criteria and the functions of higher economic management in economic 1.2.2 Processing data method The collected data is cleaned and processed by SPSS 16.0 software Accordingly, the concepts are tested by Confirmatory factor analysis CFA to provide the factors that really important to the higher education management in economic in our country Conclusion of chapter - State management for higher education is one of the important contents of state management Therefore, during the past, many authors have studied the state management for higher education through doctoral dissertation, master dissertation, scientific research topic and scientific articles, etc If approaching from an economic perspective, the state management of economics for higher education is understood as the goal of developing higher education, strategic planning, promulgating the legal system, etc and if it is done well, it will contribute to use resources for higher education activities effectively and at the same time, contribute to improve the quality of human resources of the country CHAPTER THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ON HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT FROM AN ECONOMIC VIEW 2.1 Concepts and characteristics of higher education 2.1.1 Concepts of higher education According to the Education Dictionary, higher education is understood as "high-level professional education training level with the goal of training learners with political and ethical qualities, consciously serving the people, having knowledge and capacity for professional practice corresponding to the level of training, having health to meet the requirements of national construction and defense ”[33] In Vietnam today, although there is no formal definition of higher education, it is understandable that higher education is the form of educational organization for the following levels of high school with the training levels: university, master and doctor Higher education plays a particularly important role for the prosperity of a modern economy - the "knowledge economy", which will become increasingly decisive to the prosperity of humanity in the future 2.1.2 Characteristics of higher education in a market economy - Higher education services have the characteristics of other types of services - Higher education services in the market economy have both the economic content of a commodity product and the content of social production relations - Higher education services are a special commodity that requires state management - Higher education services are purchased / sold as regular services - Higher education services are provided in the education market 2.1.3 The role of higher education in social development a Higher education contributes to increasing the scale of human capital concentration for the entire national economy b Higher education contributes to promoting the development of the economy comprehensively 2.2 Higher education management from an economic perspective 2.2.1 Concept of higher education management from an economic perspective In the field of education, the State is the main subject of higher education activities, the higher education system is uniformly managed by the State, though it exists in many different types: public, non-public or domestic and with foreign countries The participation of social components in higher education is necessary and reasonable, but the role of the State must be key, provided that the role is conceived logically and clearly in the context that simultaneous existence of public and non-public higher education systems complement each other State management of higher education from an economic perspective can be understood as the process of planning, organizing, guiding and examining the activities and using resources of higher education facilities to achieve the set goals of higher education The above concept shows: + The subject of educational management is the State with the system of state authorities of the Government and the system of state management system on higher education from central to local level + The objects of higher education management are the system of education facilities and people involved in the process of higher education + The objective of the educational management is to effectively use the resources of the education facilities, in other words, it is resources of the economy In order to achieve management objectives, the State needs to plan goals in the field of higher education, planning development strategic of higher education, promulgating the legal system and policies for developing higher education, inspection, examination and supervision the implementation of laws, strategies and policies for higher education development of higher education facilities in order to achieve the goals of higher education identified in each period and meet the educational and economic development goals of the country + The role of higher education management in the market economy is to create a higher education environment that is convenient, safe and equal through such factors as: good infrastructure, a complete and stable legal system and a clear administrative background and a clean and healthy state system, etc The above factors are all created by the state (and only by the state) in order to attract domestic and foreign investment to meet the development objectives of higher education 2.2.2 Content of higher education management from an economic perspective 2.2.2.1 Planning a strategy for higher education development to achieve the goal of higher education and education in general The planning and implementation of the strategy for higher education development is one of the important contents of economic management for higher education, makes higher education activities to develop in the right direction, well fulfilling the determined objectives of higher education 2.2.2.2 Promulgating a system of legal documents related to higher education management from an economic perspective Laws relating to higher education management from an economic perspective include a system of legal regulations promulgated by the State and guaranteed to regulate social relations arising in the process of organizing and operating higher education 2.2.2.3 Developing policies for higher education development in each period to implement the planned higher education strategy On the basis of the higher education strategy along with the identified goals, the State conducts to plan policies for the higher education development with the nature of concretization of guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam and State in higher education 2.2.2.4 Organizing an economic management system for higher education The state management system of economics is the premise of higher education management efficiency from an economic perspective The State management system on economy has the role of promulgating a system of documents guiding the implementation of strategies and policies for higher education development as well as the agency conducting inspection, examination and supervision of the implementation of policies and strategies for higher education development of higher education facilities 2.2.2.5 Inspecting and supervising the implementation of strategic objectives and policies for educational development of higher education facilities Inspecting and supervising the implementation of strategic objectives and policies for educational development of higher education facilities include: inspecting, examining and supervising activities of financial management of higher education and facilities of higher education facilities; human resources management of higher education: educational inspection; inspecting and controling the observance of law on higher education, preventing the violations of law and policies; protecting the benefits of learners and education facilities; guaranteeing quality and confirming education quality, handling violations of higher education laws 2.2.3 Higher education management tools from an economic perspective - Legal tools: Including legal documents regulating the conditions and legal corridors for activities of higher education facilities This is the most important tool in education and higher education management - Strategic tools: The development strategy of higher education includes the target system, solutions and plans for implementing higher education activities to achieve the defined objectives - Policy tools: The economic policy of the state on higher education is an overall view 11 system of management, admissions, training and research activities science, investment, financial management issued by the State 3.2.1.2 Efficiency of higher education management from an economic perspective The current strategy of higher education development has contributed to improving the… State management agencies carry out inspection and evaluation for higher education activities… Current education development strategy contributes to improving the operational… The current education development strategy is consistent with the education and training… The legal system for higher education ensures the implementation of strategic objectives of… 3,1 3,53 3,43 3,63 3,42 3,34 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 Figure 3.6 Efficiency of higher education management from an economic perspective Source: results of analysis of survey data According to analytical results, the activity of higher education management in Vietnam in recent years has not only contributed to achieving the goals in the field of education but also contributed to achieving the quality of human resources development, is a premise for socio-economic development 3.2.1.3 Conformity of higher education management from an economic perspective The frequency of inspection and evaluation for higher education activities is reasonable The form of examination and evaluation for higher education activities is appropriate The current education development strategy is consistent with the education and training… The level of general relevance for the development policy of higher education The legal system for higher education ensures the implementation of strategic objectives of… The legal system for higher education facilitates equal development for all types of university… 2,80 3,65 3,17 3,42 3,46 3,34 3,10 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 Figure 3.7 Conformity of higher education management from an economic perspective Source: results of analysis of survey data Indicators that are considered to be highly suitable are activities of promulgating legal documents, activities of strategic planning, policies and monitoring and supervising activities for higher education facilities Indicators of creating an equal environment for the development and operation of educational institutions which have not been evaluated with a high degree of conformity, the average score of 3.10 indicates that although the recent legal system for the university has been adjusted to fit the trend and requirements of higher 12 education development, in the opinion of managers, in higher education facilities there should be adjustments in the system of legal documents to create equal conditions for higher education facilities in the activities of admissions, investment in facilities, joint venture, etc 3.2.1.4 Fairness of higher education management from an economic perspective Through the data, from the higher education facilities, fairness in higher education management in our country in recent years is considered relatively high with an average score of 3.67 to 3.82 on a scale of Current education development strategy has contributed to increasing the ability to socialize higher education 3,79 The legal system on higher education ensures the balance between rights and obligations of higher education institutions 3,67 The legal system on higher education creates conditions for higher education institutions to well exploit opportunities from the market and… 3,55 3,82 3,6 3,65 3,7 3,75 3,8 3,85 Figure 3.8 Fairness of higher education management from an economic perspective Source: results of analysis of survey data 3.2.2 Situation of implementing the contents of higher education management from an economic perspective 3.2.2.1 Situation of developing a strategy for higher education development in Vietnam from an economic perspective Higher education institutions in Vietnam have properly implemented Vietnam's higher education… 3,47 The current strategy of higher education development has contributed to improving the quality of human… 3,53 Current education development strategy has contributed to increasing the ability to socialize higher education 3,79 Current development strategy of higher education has contributed to increasing the number of higher-… 3,68 Current education development strategy contributes to improving the operational efficiency of higher… 3,63 The current education development strategy is consistent with the education and training… 3,42 3,20 3,30 3,40 3,50 3,60 3,70 3,80 Figure 3.9 Situation of planning and implementing the strategy of developing HE Source: results of analysis of survey data In general, the development strategy of higher education in the past time is evaluated relatively high, with the average score from 3.42 to 3.79 according to the scale of 5, showing that the quality of higher education management according to the criteria of strategic planning is relatively good However, experts believe that the consistency between the development strategy of higher education and the strategy of education development in particular and the socioeconomic development strategy in general has not been clearly shown 13 3.2.2 Situation the system of legal documents on higher education management Survey data on the Situation of the system of legal documents on higher education is calculated and presented in Figure 3.10 The legal system for higher education ensures the implementation of strategic objectives of… The legal system for higher education facilitates equal development for all types of university… The legal system of higher education is fully and specifically communicated The legal system for higher education is effective and appropriate The legal system on higher education is fully implemented through guiding documents 0,00 3,34 3,10 3,08 3,43 3,89 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 Figure 3.10 The level of managing HE through the system of legal documents Source: Results of analysis of survey data Through survey data, most education facilities highly appreciate the completeness and timeliness of the legal document system for higher education, the average score is 3.89 points Criteria for the conformity and effectiveness of the legal system are also highly appreciated with an average score of 3.43 points The thinking of state management on quality and quality assurance of higher education has actually been institutionalized in legal documents: Education Law; The Law on Higher Education 2012 Highlights in the system of legal documents implementing the development objectives of higher education is Circular 12/2017 / TT-BGDĐT together with the set of basic quality assessment standards in the national education system According to Circular 12, the standard set includes 25 standards and 111 criteria, assessing the entire operation of an education facilities 3.2.3 Situation of planning and implementing policies for higher education development The policy of developing higher education quality is reasonable The policy of focusing on accrediting higher education quality is reasonable The policy on financial autonomy for educational institutions is reasonable Human resource development policy in higher education is reasonable The policy of promoting autonomy and social responsibility of higher education… The policy of diversifying the higher education system is reasonable 3,43 3,79 3,33 3,34 3,64 3,24 2,90 3,00 3,10 3,20 3,30 3,40 3,50 3,60 3,70 3,80 Figure 3.11 Situation of policies for higher education development Source: Results of analysis of survey data 14 Through the survey results, the opinions highly appreciated the focusing on inspection of higher education and promoting the autonomy and self-social responsibility of higher education facilities, the average score reached 3.64 to 3.79 points.Experts and managers at higher education facilities have not appreciated the policies of education diversification, policies of quality development of human resources and policy of financial autonomy for higher education, the average score reached 3.24 points to 3.33 points 3.2.4 Situation of inspection and supervision of activities of higher education facilities State management agencies carry out inspection and evaluation for higher education activities… The process of checking and evaluating for higher education activities is clear and transparent The content, inspection and evaluation criteria for higher education activities are correct The frequency of inspection and evaluation for higher education activities is reasonable The form of examination and evaluation for higher education activities is appropriate 2,80 3,43 3,67 3,41 3,65 3,17 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 Figure 3.12 The level of educational management according to the inspection and evaluation criteria for higher education facilities Source: Results of analysis of survey data According to the survey results, higher education facilities highly appreciate the process and frequency of inspection and evaluation for higher education activities in the past time Every year, the Ministry of Education and Training conducts inspections and evaluations of higher education facilities on a number of aspects such as training programs, training quality, investment, finance, etc Before each examination, there are announcements about the process and clear criteria to help the higher education facilities to actively prepare documents on the inspection content, ensuring the effectiveness of the inspection activities 3.2.5 Situation of the state management system on economics for higher education 3,13 The capacity of higher education staff is good The higher education agencies have good coordination Decentralized management of higher education is reasonable The functions and tasks of higher education institutions are clear The organizational structure of the management apparatus of higher education is reasonable The level of specialization in higher education in economics is high 3,29 3,32 3,47 3,10 3,11 2,90 3,00 3,10 3,20 3,30 3,40 3,50 Figure 3.14 Situation of the state management system on economics for HE Source: Results of analysis of survey data 15 In general, the decentralization in the organization of education management system in general and higher education is evaluated as reasonable, the functions of the parts in the management system are also clearly regulated through the legal document system This makes the coordination between the parts in the management system also highly appreciated However, the level of specialization in education management has not been highly appreciated, the decision-making authority in Vietnam's higher education system is quite wide and consequently the management of the system is very weak 3.3 Results, limitations and major reasons of limitations in state management of higher education in Vietnam from an economic perspective 3.3.1 Achievements Activities of higher education management in Vietnam in recent years have achieved important results, as follows: - Innovating the thinking of state management on higher education in the direction of quality management with specific steps and in accordance with practical requirements The thinking of state management on higher education has been reflected in the perspective of creating an institution and policy for the management system organization, inspection, examination and handling of violations - Setting up a national quality assurance agency - Forming and gradually improving the state management institutional framework on higher education quality and applying it into practice - The institution of financial management and facilities of higher education facilities has also been developed and completed to ensure the necessary conditions for higher education quality In Vietnam today, the norms and principles for allocating state budget for public higher education facilities are implemented according to: (1) Decree No 43/2006 / ND-CP dated April 25, 2006 of the Government on autonomy mechanism , responsibility for the implementation of tasks, organize the staff and finance for public non-business units, (2) Decision No 151/2006 / QD-TTg dated June 29, 2006 of the Prime Minister on the norms for allocation of regular budget estimates of the state budget; (3) Circular No 71/2006 / TT-BTC dated September 6, 2006 of the Ministry of Finance guiding the implementation of the Government's Decree No 43/2006 / ND-CP on the on the implementation of financial autonomy and financial self-responsibility for public nonbusiness units; (4) Joint Circular No 21/2003 / TTLT / BTC-BGDĐT-BNV dated March 24, 2003 of the Ministry of Finance for public education and training establishments with income-generating activities Regular expenditures for higher education facilities to implement the autonomy mechanism and self-responsibility under the provisions of Decree No 43/2006 / ND-CP dated April 25, 2006 of the Government and the Circular guiding No 71/2006 / TT-BTC dated August 9, 2006 of the Ministry of Finance - Affirming the autonomy of higher education facilities The higher education law clearly shows that the state has paid special attention to the role of educational institutions with the quality of training The autonomy and social responsibility of higher education facilities are proving that of state management of higher education is positively innovating to effectively manage the quality of higher education - Doing multichannel the supplying system and variability the level of funding for higher education; encouraging foreign investment in higher education; value and attract investment resources from outside through bilateral and multilateral cooperation programs 16 with countries and international organizations, non-governmental organizations and official development assistance (ODA); opening up higher education in accordance with the provisions of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) according to the route to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) 3.3.2 Limitations and major reasons of limitations 3.3.2.1 Limitations on state management institutions on higher education - The legal framework on management decentralization for higher education institutions has not yet been completed, especially financial management and investment; - The state management institutions on higher education is slowly renovated and still focuses on administrative management of higher education facilities; - The system of state management institutions on higher education still lacks uniformity and systematicity 3.3.2.2 Limitations on planning and implementing strategies for higher education development - The policy of higher education development has targeted but has not yet shown the effectiveness and reality; - The tools of financial and investment policies for higher education have not been promoted; - Institutions and policies on tuition, fees and scholarships have not really ensured fairness in higher education about the rights and obligations of students 3.3.2.4 Limitations on state management system for higher education The analysis results show that the state management apparatus for higher education is still scattered, at the same time there is overlap between function of the state management and function of providing public services - The thinking of educational management is slowly being renovated towards quality management and international integration - Mechanisms and methods of the state management on higher education have not fully approached according to the requirements of quality management, have the situation of taken more responsibilities than he can handle and distracting the state management function; not yet implementing the unified management, maintaining discipline in education, at the same time not promoting the autonomy and responsibility of the school 3.3.2.4 Limitations on inspection and supervision activities for higher education facilities - State management on quality of higher education has no solutions to attract the participation of social community; - There are no an effective institution and mechanism for monitoring higher education quality; - The mechanism of examining, supervising and handling violations of higher education activities has not been effectively implemented Conclusion of chapter - The state management of higher education in Vietnam in recent years has achieved important results, first of all, it is a shift in management thinking for higher education towards quality management with detailed steps and compliance to practical requirements - The thinking of state management on higher education has been shown on the perspective of creating an institutional framework and policy to organize the management, 17 inspection, examination and handling of law violations on higher education - Higher education management in Vietnam still has many limitations on investment management, finance and human resources, on administrative reform, on the renovation of economic management, finance, labor use, wage policy, etc The above limitations are putting an urgent need to have innovative solutions and enhance the higher education management in Vietnam in the coming time CHAPTER SOLUTION TO STRENGTHENING HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM FROM ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 4.1 The trend of higher education development and higher education management in Vietnam - Developing higher education and educational management in the direction of diversifying training methods, investment sources for higher education, improving the quality of human resources - Enhancing the application of information technology in higher education and higher education management - Enhancing autonomy, self-responsibility, increasing the competitiveness of higher education facilities 4.2 Viewpoint to strengthen higher education management in Vietnam from an economic perspective 4.2.1 Innovating thinking of higher education management The thinking of educational management needs to change in the direction of: (1) Establishing the higher education system mixed between the public and the non- public higher education facilities to ensure flexible and diverse requirements in providing higher education services; (2) Emphasizing the importance of personal responsibility and encouraging local communities and socio-economic organizations to create additional educational opportunities and mitigate the budget burden for the state; (3) Mechanism for the division of market-oriented financial resources; (4) The expansion of the number and subjects of students paying tuition on the basis of expanding the area of non-public higher education which is a condition to create a closer interaction between the industrial sector and the higher education sector 4.2.2 Diversify the model of higher education system Higher education management must aim at training Vietnamese people with good health, comprehensive development of intellect, will, competence and morality; capable of self-learning, self-training, dynamic, proactive and creative; knowledge and global working skills; quick adaptability to changing work environment 4.2.3 Transfer higher education system from narrow-scale training to broad-based training The educational institutions are the intellectual and cultural centers of the community, the place of producing and developing knowledge, preserving and promoting the quintessence of the nation and humanity, where new ideas and forecasts are proposed, is factors for social progress Higher education is a system consisting of educational institutions that implement all or part of post-secondary education programs, organized in a variety of ways about the objectives, structure and training methods, about the type of ownership, mobilizing resources 18 4.2.4 Renovating the structure of higher education system Restructuring university system in the country according to the trend: (1) Higher education includes all post-secondary, short-term or long-term education programs, provided to those who have high school level knowledge, skills and attitudes appropriate in different career lines, academic or applied; (2) The basic qualification structure of higher education includes undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications with relevant degrees: bachelor, master and doctoral degrees; division of higher education programs in two main directions: research-deployment direction and career orientation - practice to increase learning opportunities and level of trained human resources; (3) Expanding the first phase for university programs and narrowing the scale of the next stages to improve the quality and ensure the structure of the pyramid of human resources to meet the needs of use ; 4.3 Solutions to strengthen higher education management in Vietnam from an economic perspective 4.3.1 Completing the system of legal documents on higher education 4.3.1.1 The basis of the solution The system of Vietnamese legal documents on higher education is assessed to be highly effective, full and timely However, there are some remaining limitations because legal documents have not really created equality in activities and in taking advantage of the opportunities between the public and non-public higher education institutions, while the educational institutions as a provider of higher education services with high legal and autonomy has not been considered, in addition, they have also not created high equality in higher education among higher education institutions, related organizations and individuals 4.3.1.2 Content of the solution - Completing the system of legal documents on higher education management in the direction of considering higher education institutions as legal entities with high autonomy - Perfecting the legal system of tuition, fees, scholarship regimes, allowance policies and student support; - Legalizing the relationship between the state and the university; 4.3.1.3 The expected effect of the solution - Complete legal framework for management and decentralization for higher education institutions, especially financial management and investment Through the improvement of the system of legal documents on strengthening the financial autonomy of educational institutions, on the management and supervision of educational institutions, the state management of economic activities for educational institutions will be more focused and broader, contributing to strengthening management and improving efficiency of using state resources for higher education and resources of the whole economy; - Separating the role of the state management subject in economics for higher education institutions and the subject of higher education activities Improving the institution of quality assurance, social responsibility enhancement Strengthen autonomy and self-responsibility for higher education institutions Completing mechanisms and legal regulations in supervising and assessing the quality of higher education; - Clearly identify legal status for training institutions, create conditions for higher education institutions to be more active and dynamic in training and researching scientific activities, enhancing socialization of education and making use of get resources from 19 society and therefore improving the efficiency of using resources of the State and other economic sectors; - Create equality for learners about the selection of higher education institutions, the opportunity to study, the opportunity to participate in the labor market after graduating from university, thereby creating equal conditions for higher education institutions in the enrollment, training and development 4.3.2 Perfecting strategies and policies for higher education development 4.3.2.1 The basis of the solution It is considered as important role to implement the goals of developing education and using human resources effectively, strategies and development policies for higher education understand the basic and key contents of the state management on economy with higher education 4.3.2.2 Content of the solution a Completing education development strategy Developing a proactive strategy to respond to bilateral and multilateral international agreements related to transboundary higher education services Training and retraining all kinds of human resources directly serving integration Improving the quality of national researching and training programs to attract international researchers and international students b Completing financial policies to develop higher education Firstly, diversifying income from revenue sources, other cost-sharing programs such as tuition fees, student loans, donations and donations from businesses etc Secondly, encouraging the participation of non-state educational service providers Thirdly, there should be a clear distinction between a for-profit and a not-for-profit school in issuing and enforcing financial-related policies rather than just discriminating on the model of current ownership Fourthly, facilitating higher education institutions, especially non-public higher education institutions, flexible decision on financial issues Fifthly, as the subject of state management, the State needs to implement unified and equal financial support for all types of higher education c Completing investment policies in higher education Firstly, decentralization of agencies to make investment decisions for the education sector is Ministry of Education and Training; only make investment decisions when there are sufficient grounds as prescribed by law and clearly identify capital sources, within the scope of decentralization, avoiding the approval of project investment capital in excess of the balancing capability Secondly, the establishment of a project management board (organizational structure such as departments, institutes) under the Ministry of Education and Training, assisting the Minister to implement management of projects in higher education, to ensure professionalism in all stages of the project implementation process Thirdly, clearly define personal and unit responsibilities related to project quality and investment efficiency Fourthly, building a roadmap for partial socialization or 100% of training institutions invested by the State, except for national key training institutions 20 Fifthly, implementing equity in investment policies for beneficiaries are officials, lecturers and students in higher education institutions Sixthly, promoting the link between universities, research institutes and businesses to connect training, science and business production d Completing the policy of diversifying higher education model The policy of higher education development in the coming years must affect the process of diversification and multiplication of investment resources for higher education; reallocating market-oriented financial resources through tuition policies and expanding the private sector by promoting the formation, development and improvement of the "fake market" model; making higher education a commodity that can be met by competitive suppliers and the purchase of higher education services is determined based on service prices and users' affordability e Complete the enrollment policy Completing enrollment management is also a solution for autonomous schools, the State needs to allocate all enrollment activities to schools Schools determine additional eligibility requirements for qualifications, skills, fitness or aptitude; about recruitment form f Complete the training program - MOET needs to make schools more proactive in developing social demand training programs, which many countries around the world have successfully implemented, only when education products of schools are accepted by the society, the schools just confirm their positions and ensures the existence of the school - Ministry of Education and Training standardizes high quality training programs to adjust higher education institutions g Perfecting policies to develop human resources for higher education - Developing and implementing the plan of teaching staff and educational management staff, ensuring sufficient quantity, improving quality, meeting the requirements of innovating higher education - Innovating recruitment methods in an objective, fair and competitive way - Renovating the process of appointing and dismissing the titles of professors and associate professors in the direction of assigning higher education institutes to implement based on the general criteria and conditions prescribed by the State h Perfecting scientific research policies Ministry of Education and Training should study and issue a separate regulation on the organization of management of scientific research activities and the task of scientific research of lecturers in educational institutions to create a legal basis Each school will develop its own regulations based on that legal basic to connect all teachers for scientific research activities with a high sense of responsibility for the purpose of school development, develope and improve professional capacity for each lecturer 4.3.2.3 The expected effect of the solution - Improving the effectiveness of strategies and policies for education development thanks to planning the synchronous and systematic strategic solutions systems The main orientations for educational development are built on the basis of science and a close relationship with the development strategy of higher education The implemented solution will contribute to achieve the set goals in the field of higher education, thereby using human resources will be more effective; 21 - Contributing to promoting the role of financial policy instruments and investment policies due to the coherent distribution of investment in higher education with the need to ensure the quality of training, not encouraging the adjusting the training occupational structure of each higher education institution On the other hand, the granting of financial autonomy for higher education institutions will create a favorable and flexible environment for higher education institutions to actively mobilize investment capital from sources of socialization, diversifying training forms - Enhancing fairness in higher education about the rights and obligations of students in each higher education institution and among higher education institutions, especially in the policy of tuition fees, scholarship support, and preferential loans for poor students 4.3.3 Strengthen inspection, examination and supervision of the operation of higher education 4.3.3.1 The basic for implementing the solution Inspection, control and supervision activities are an important content in the state management in general and the state management of economy for higher education in particular Inspection, control and supervision have the effect of ensuring that institutes comply with the laws and regulations of the State in general and regulations on higher education in particular; ensure the detection, handling and timely prevention of manifestations and behaviors contrary to the regulations on human resource management, financial management, investment management, enrollment management and training in educational institutions ; warn and prevent corruption and waste of State property 4.3.3.2 Content of the solution In the process of management, it is necessary to unify and clearly define the responsibilities in the management, supervision and inspection of the operation of higher education institutes, there must be a comprehensive and profound changing solution in detai: - Performing cross-checking work among schools, this is an implementation of both checking and monitoring and learning each other of higher education institutions, helping higher education institutions to improve more and more in stages from organization, training, finance - Implementing the process of social monitoring and supervision of citizens if training services of higher education are accepted by society 4.3.3.3 The expected effect of the solution - Contributing to creating institutions and mechanisms for effective quality supervision of higher education through coordination between organizational units, unions, individuals with functions and powers of inspection, examination and auditing supervising activities of higher education institutes; - Enhancing efficiency, especially the accuracy and timeliness in the inspection and quality inspection of higher education due to regulations on periodic implementation of inspection activities and the mechanism of accountability for the results of inspection and examination units; - Strengthening the participation of the social community in the inspection work to check the training activities of educational institutions through cross-checking between higher educational institutions and people; 22 - Improving the effectiveness of the mechanism of checking, supervising and handling law violations on higher education activities by specifying regulations on rights and obligations of higher education institutes, especially in the field of enrollment, finance and investment These regulations will be the basis for administrative and legal handling of educational institutions when violations occur 4.3.4 Complete the higher education management apparatus 4.3.4.1 The basic for implementing the solution Higher education management apparatus in economics plays an important roll in the state management of economics for higher education Higher education management apparatus in economics is the unit implementing specific institutions, strategies and policies for the development of higher education of the State, as well as implementation, inspection and supervision for higher education institutions Completing the educational management apparatus includes improving the management apparatus, perfecting the capacity and qualifications of the management team, perfecting the content and management methods 4.3.4.2 Content of the solution a Complete management mechanism Eliminating the mechanism of managing ministries and build a mechanism of state ownership representation for higher education institutions Ensuring the role of community inspection and supervision; promote the role of mass organizations, especially professional associations in supervising the quality of higher education b Complete management decentralization State management focuses on building and directing the implementation of development strategies; directing the implementation of the system to ensure and verify the quality of higher education; perfecting the legal environment; strengthening inspection and inspection work; regulating macro-structure and scale of higher education, meeting the country's human resource demand in each period c Complete management principles Managing higher education in the socialist-based economy orientation should be in line with the basic principles of the market economy to promote higher education to develop quickly, effectively and sustainably in both scale and quality; successful integration with international higher education, enabling people to have equal opportunities to access higher education and implementing social justice d Complete management content Strengthening the state management on prices for some forms of training and exclusive services, ensuring compliance with the requirements of the market mechanism and international commitments Establishing some training quality standards; Strengthening the supervision, inspection and control on training quality 3.4.4.3 The expected effect of the solution - Contributing to perfecting mechanisms and modalities of state management, meeting the requirements of quality management for higher education and meeting the needs of developing higher education activities according to the trend of globalization, regionalizing higher education - Completing the model of intensive and specialized educational management model, in which, MoET performs general management through strategy and policy of education development and key management is training quality management 23 - Improving the quality of the state management apparatus on higher education through the innovation of management education thinking in the direction of quality management, international integration, improvement of capacity, educational management qualifications in line with practice and development needs Conclusion chapter To enhance the management of education from an economic perspective and achieve management efficiency, in the coming time, the Government and the State management agencies on economics for higher education should implement synchronous solutions covering the contents of management From planning activities to develop higher education to issuing laws, building and implementing policies for higher education development, organizing management and inspection apparatus, monitoring and supervising activities of HEIs The main priority when implementing solutions is: (1) Diversify the education system to diversify investment sources, take advantage of financial advantages from non-state organizations and individuals for development Higher education; (2) Create conditions for higher education institutions to improve the quality of training, enhance the autonomy and self-responsibility and enhance socialization of higher education; (3) Improve operational efficiency for higher education institutions on the basis of creating fairness, stability and flexibility in the operation of HEIs The dissertation has proposed a number of systematic solutions to influence the management content to create the effect of solutions to promote the management of education management in our country in the coming time to achieve the goal in higher education in general and the objectives of higher education management from an economic perspective in particular CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS Conclusions In the process of development and international economic integration, higher education in Vietnam has changed and achieved achievements: approaching modern development trends, good experiences of higher education in the world, promoting international cooperation in the process of developing higher education At the same time, there are conditions to attract the development resources of higher education from abroad, especially the larger investment in facilities, teaching equipment, modernization of learning conditions and education experts Besides great opportunities, international economic integration also brings Vietnam's higher education challenges The dissertation has given the criteria for evaluation of educational management from an economic perspective, as a basis for analyzing the situation and proposing solutions to enhance educational management from an economic perspective in accordance with the development strategy of higher education of our country in the future and in line with the trend of globalization of higher education The dissertation has built scales to assess the management of higher education from an economic perspective in our country in the past period to quantify the influence of factors on higher education management from the corner economic level, showing the level of achievement of higher education management from an 24 economic perspective according to the criteria set forth and the shortcomings, limitations and causes of limitations in work State management of economics for higher education The dissertation has proposed solutions to enhance educational management from an economic perspective in the context of the socialist economic orientation and international integration in Vietnam Recomendations In order to effectively implement the proposed solutions, in the coming time, the Government needs to: (1) Increase the proportion of investment in education, improve the budget mechanism, especially education In higher education activities, in order to improve the overall quality of higher education, it is necessary to implement investments beyond the capacity of a higher education institution but only the state with strong resources and effective management tools, the Government considers and decides the investment to take advantage of opportunities to develop higher education and improve the quality of human resources for the country; (2) Promote the propaganda and dissemination of knowledge on financial autonomy and enrollment at higher education institutions, not only for leaders but also for all officials and lecturers of the institution All officials and lecturers must understand information about meaning, content, method, route and especially their role in financial autonomy and enrollment, and eliminate passive thinking and replace with active thinking of them of higher education institutions for financial autonomy and university enrollment; (3) Complete and improve the effectiveness of guiding documents to implement university quality accreditation Higher education institutions are aware of the importance of university quality accreditation but they are still embarrassed in preparing, writing reports and collecting evidence Currently, the Ministry of Education has issued a number of guiding documents related to the accreditation of training quality such as Circular 04/2016 / TT-BGDT dated June, 28th, 2016, Official Letter 769/QLCL-KDCLGD of Quality Management, Ministry of Education and Training on the use of guidance documents to assess the quality of training programs at the levels of higher education; Official Letter No 1074/KTKDCLGD-KDDH dated June, 28th, 2016 on the general guidance on the use of standards for evaluating the quality of training programs at the levels of higher education, Official Letter No 1075/KTKDCLGD-KDDH dated June, 28th, 2016 in the direction guide self-assessment of training programs however, higher education institutions are still confused in implementing guiding documents, concretizing into reports and collecting evidence causing waste of time, labor and finance LIST OF PUBLISHED ARTICLES, SCIENCE WORKS OF THE AUTHOR Ho Viet Thinh (2013), "University education autonomy - status and recommendations", Economic Review and Forecast, No 13 (July 2013), p 29 – 31 Ho Viet Thinh (2013), "Discussing the innovation of higher education management in Vietnam", Economic Review and Forecast, No 14 (July 2013), p 41-42 Ho Viet Thinh (2014), "Innovating higher education management of the issues raised", Journal of Numbers and Events, No 12/2014, p 36 - 38 Ho Viet Thinh (2017), "Innovating higher education in autonomy", Journal of Corporate Finance, No 11 + 12/2017, p 21 - 23 ... in Vietnam, - Researching experience in higher education management in some countries in the world and learning lessons for Vietnam CHAPTER HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT SITUATION IN VIETNAM FROM... ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE 3.1 Overview of higher education in Vietnam 3.1.1 The process of higher education development in Vietnam Vietnam’s higher education has changed and developed, showing innovation... strategy for higher education development in Vietnam from an economic perspective Higher education institutions in Vietnam have properly implemented Vietnam's higher education… 3,47 The current strategy