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Rawson and Tupper's Basic Ship Theory, first published in 1968, is widely known as the standard introductory text for naval architecture students, as well as being a useful reference for the more experienced designer. The fifth edition continues to provid
//SYS21///INTEGRA/BST/VOL1/REVISES 21-7-2001/BSTA01.3D ± ± [1±24/24] 26.7.2001 4:11PM Basic Ship Theory //SYS21///INTEGRA/BST/VOL1/REVISES 21-7-2001/BSTA01.3D ± ± [1±24/24] 26.7.2001 4:11PM //SYS21///INTEGRA/BST/VOL1/REVISES 21-7-2001/BSTA01.3D ± ± [1±24/24] 26.7.2001 4:11PM Basic Ship Theory K.J Rawson MSc, DEng, FEng, RCNC, FRINA, WhSch E.C Tupper BSc, CEng, RCNC, FRINA, WhSch Fifth edition Volume Chapters to Hydrostatics and Strength OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI //SYS21///INTEGRA/BST/VOL1/REVISES 21-7-2001/BSTA01.3D ± ± [1±24/24] 26.7.2001 4:11PM Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published by Longman Group Limited 1968 Second edition 1976 (in two volumes) Third edition 1983 Fourth edition 1994 Fifth edition 2001 # K.J Rawson and E.C Tupper 2001 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 0LP Applications for the copyright holder's written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Rawson, K.J (Kenneth John), 1926± Basic ship theory ± 5th ed Vol 1, ch 1±9: Hydrostatics and strength K.J Rawson, E.C Tupper Naval architecture Shipbuilding I Title II Tupper, E.C (Eric Charles), 1928± 623.80 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Rawson, K.J Basic ship theory/K.J Rawson, E.C Tupper ± 5th ed p cm Contents: v.1 Hydrostatics and strength ± v.2 Ship dynamics and design Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-7506-5396-5 (v.1: alk paper) ± ISBN 0-7506-5397-3 (v.2: alk paper) Naval architecture I Tupper, E.C II Title VM156 R37 2001 623.80 1±dc21 2001037513 ISBN 7506 5396 For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at www.bh.com Typeset in India at Integra Software Services Pvt Ltd, Pondicherry, India 605005; www.integra-india.com Introduction Symbols and nomenclature Art or science? 1.1 Authorities Some tools 2.1 Basic geometric concepts 2.2 Properties of irregular shapes 2.3 Approximate integration 2.4 Computers 2.5 Appriximate formulae and rules 2.6 Statistics 2.7 Worked examples 2.8 Problems Flotation and trim 3.1 Flotation 3.2 Hydrostatic data 3.3 Worked examples 3.4 Problems Stability 4.1 Initial stability 4.2 Complete stability 4.3 Dynamical stability 4.4 Stability assessment 4.5 Problems Hazards and protection 5.1 Flooding and collision 5.2 Safety of life at sea 5.3 Other hazards 5.4 Abnormal waves 5.5 Environmental pollution 5.6 Problems The ship girder 6.1 The standard calculation 6.2 Material considerations 6.3 Conclusions 6.4 Problems Structural design and analysis 7.1 Stiffened plating 7.2 Panels of plating 7.3 Frameworks 7.4 Finite element techniques 7.5 Realistic assessment of structral .elements 7.6 Fittings 7.7 Problems Launching and docking 8.1 Launching 8.2 Docking 8.3 Problems The ship environment and human factors 9.1 The external environment The sea 9.2 Waves 9.3 Climate 9.4 Physical limitations 9.5 The internal environment 9.6 Motions 9.7 The air 9.8 Lighting 9.9 Vibration and noise 9.10 Human factors 9.11 Problems Bibliography Answers to problems Index //SYS21///INTEGRA/BST/VOL1/REVISES 21-7-2001/BSTA01.3D ± 11 ± [1±24/24] 26.7.2001 4:11PM Foreword to the ®fth edition Over the last quarter of the last century there were many changes in the maritime scene Ships may now be much larger; their speeds are generally higher; the crews have become drastically reduced; there are many dierent types (including hovercraft, multi-hull designs and so on); much quicker and more accurate assessments of stability, strength, manoeuvring, motions and powering are possible using complex computer programs; on-board computer systems help the operators; ferries carry many more vehicles and passengers; and so the list goes on However, the fundamental concepts of naval architecture, which the authors set out when Basic Ship Theory was ®rst published, remain as valid as ever As with many other branches of engineering, quite rapid advances have been made in ship design, production and operation Many advances relate to the eectiveness (in terms of money, manpower and time) with which older procedures or methods can be accomplished This is largely due to the greater eciency and lower cost of modern computers and proliferation of information available Other advances are related to our fundamental understanding of naval architecture and the environment in which ships operate These tend to be associated with the more advanced aspects of the subject: more complex programs for analysing structures, for example, which are not appropriate to a basic text book The naval architect is aected not only by changes in technology but also by changes in society itself Fashions change as the concerns of the public, often stimulated by the press Some tragic losses in the last few years of the twentieth century brought increased public concern for the safety of ships and those sailing in them, both passengers and crew It must be recognized, of course, that increased safety usually means more cost so that a con¯ict between money and safety is to be expected In spite of steps taken as a result of these experiences, there are, sadly, still many losses of ships, some quite large and some involving signi®cant loss of life It remains important, therefore, to strive to improve still further the safety of ships and protection of the environment Steady, if somewhat slow, progress is being made by the national and international bodies concerned Public concern for the environment impacts upon ship design and operation Thus, tankers must be designed to reduce the risk of oil spillage and more dangerous cargoes must receive special attention to protect the public and nature Respect for the environment including discharges into the sea is an important aspect of de®ning risk through accident or irresponsible usage A lot of information is now available on the Internet, including results of much research Taking the Royal Institution of Naval Architects as an example xi //SYS21///INTEGRA/BST/VOL1/REVISES 21-7-2001/BSTA01.3D ± 12 ± [1±24/24] 26.7.2001 4:11PM xii Foreword to the fifth edition of a learned society, its website makes available summaries of technical papers and enables members to join in the discussions of its technical groups Other data is available in a compact form on CD-rom Clearly anything that improves the amount and/or quality of information available to the naval architect is to be welcomed However, it is considered that, for the present at any rate, there remains a need for basic text books The two are complementary A basic understanding of the subject is needed before information from the Internet can be used intelligently In this edition we have maintained the objective of conveying principles and understanding to help student and practitioner in their work The authors have again been in a slight dilemma in deciding just how far to go in the subjects of each chapter It is tempting to load the books with theories which have become more and more advanced What has been done is to provide a glimpse into developments and advanced work with which students and practitioners must become familiar Towards the end of each chapter a section giving an outline of how matters are developing has been included which will help to lead students, with the aid of the Internet, to all relevant references Some web site addresses have also been given It must be appreciated that standards change continually, as the titles of organizations Every attempt has been made to include the latest at the time of writing but the reader should always check source documents to see whether they still apply in detail at the time they are to be used What the reader can rely on is that the principles underlying such standards will still be relevant 2001 KJR ECT //SYS21///INTEGRA/BST/VOL1/REVISES 21-7-2001/BSTA01.3D ± 13 ± [1±24/24] 26.7.2001 4:11PM Acknowledgements The authors have deliberately refrained from quoting a large number of references However, we wish to acknowledge the contributions of many practitioners and research workers to our understanding of naval architecture, upon whose work we have drawn Many will be well known to any student of engineering Those early engineers in the ®eld who set the fundamentals of the subject, such as Bernoulli, Reynolds, the Froudes, Taylor, Timoshenko, Southwell and Simpson, are mentioned in the text because their names are synonymous with sections of naval architecture Others have developed our understanding, with more precise and comprehensive methods and theories as technology has advanced and the ability to carry out complex computations improved Some notable workers are not quoted as their work has been too advanced for a book of this nature We are indebted to a number of organizations which have allowed us to draw upon their publications, transactions, journals and conference proceedings This has enabled us to illustrate and quantify some of the phenomena discussed These include the learned societies, such as the Royal Institution of Naval Architects and the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers; research establishments, such as the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, the Taylor Model Basin, British Maritime Technology and MARIN; the classi®cation societies; and Government departments such as the Ministry of Defence and the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions; publications such as those of the International Maritime Organisation and the International Towing Tank Conferences xiii ...//SYS21///INTEGRA/BST/VOL1/REVISES 2 1-7 -2 001/BSTA01.3D ± ± [1±24/24] 26.7.2001 4:11PM //SYS21///INTEGRA/BST/VOL1/REVISES 2 1-7 -2 001/BSTA01.3D ± ± [1±24/24] 26.7.2001 4:11PM Basic Ship Theory K.J Rawson MSc,... K.J Basic ship theory/ K.J Rawson, E.C Tupper ± 5th ed p cm Contents: v.1 Hydrostatics and strength ± v.2 Ship dynamics and design Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-7 50 6-5 39 6-5 ... in direction of x-, y-, z-axes linear velocity weight density weight in general body axes and Cartesian co-ordinates Right-hand system ®xed in the body, z-axis vertically down, x-axis forward Origin