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Tài liệu Hệ thống kiến thức ngữ pháp và cấu trúc tiếng Anh trình bày giới từ thường (Prepositions) và cách sử dụng giới từ thường.Phỏng vấn xin việc giúp bạn làm quen với các mẫu câu và chuẩn bị câu trả lời để tự tin bước vào đợt phỏng vấn cùng nhà tuyển dụng. Chúc các bạn thành công
Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh Prepositions - Giới từ thường: + Đi trước Danh từ: Chỉ Thời gian, nơi chốn + Đi sau Tính Từ + Đi sau Động Từ + Đi sau số Danh Từ GIỚI TỪ ĐI TRƯỚC DANH TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN: GIỚI TỪ NGHĨA TRƯỚC LOẠI DANH TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN AT LÚC / Ở GIỜ BUỔI DỊP LỄ CUỐI TUẦN ĐẦU , CUỐI IN VÀO, TRONG ON VÀO NGÀY FOR ĐƯỢC BAO LÂU SINCE TỪ KHI NÀO TUỔI - THÁNG - MÙA - NĂM - THẬP KỶ - THẾ KỶ - CÁC BUỔI TRONG NGÀY CÓ “THE” NGÀY NÓI CHUNG NGÀY TRONG THÁNG THỨ TRONG TUẦN MỘT KHOẢNG TG (thường dùng với HTHT) MỘT MỐC TG (thường dùng với HTHT) Page 99 VÍ DỤ at o’clock, at pm at night/ noon/ midnight at Christmas, at TET at/ on weekends at first /at the beginning of / at last/ at the end of at the age of 18 in August, September, November in Spring, Winter, in 1990 in 1990s in the 21st cetury in the morning On Christmas day on August 12th on Sunday, on Sunday mornings For years / for six months Since 1990 By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh Prepositions GIỚI TỪ ĐI TRƯỚC DANH TỪ CHỈ NƠI CHỐN: Cho ta biết việc diễn đâu GIỚI TỪ NGHĨA TRƯỚC LOẠI DANH TỪ VÍ DỤ CHỈ NƠI CHỐN AT Ở TẠI ĐỊA - NHÀ, TRƯỜNG, CƠ at home/ school/university/ work ĐIỂM QUAN - NƠI NÀO ĐÓ ĐANG at the CINEMA / at the airport / at HOẠT ĐỘNG the meeting (tại họp) / AT THE station IN Ở TRONG (1 - phòng / phòng học in the living room / in the kitchen người / vật nằm - Làng / xã / huyện / Tỉnh / in London / in Hanoi / in France / gọn vật thành Phố /miền / Quốc gia/ in the east / in Africa / in the world khác) phương hướng/ Châu Lục/ Thế Giới - Sách / báo / Truyện / tranh in the newspaper / in a book / in a story / in a picture - mưa / nắng / dạng thời in the rain/ in the sun / tiết / thiên tai ON Ở TRÊN (1 - bàn / Kệ / ghế/ lầu người/vật vật khác có - tường tiếp xúc, - thể người dính vào) MỘT SỐ THÀNH NGỮ GIỚI TỪ CẦN NHỚ KHÁC: at once : lúc at sunset/ sunrise : lúc mặt trời lặn / mọc at the moment : lúc at present : lúc at the same time : lúc In time: kịp In advance : trước (về tg) In front of : trước(về vị trí) in English/ German: tiếng anh in love with: yêu in the end:( cuối cùng) in favour of : thích Page 100 on the table / on the 1st floor (trên lầu 1) on the wall on my head / on foot On time : giờ( xác) On holiday : nghỉ On business : công tác On fire : cháy On a diet : ăn kiêng On TV : truyền hình on the whole : nhìn chung on the left/ right : bên trái / phải By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh By the time : trước for example/ instance: ví dụ By chance : tình cờ for lunch/ : cho bữa trưa Learn by heart: học thuộc lòng By taxi / train/ bicycle Page 101 Prepositions By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh Prepositions GIỚI TỪ ĐI SAU TÍNH TỪ: S + BE + ADJ + PREPOSITIONS OF: - ashamed of: xấu hổ - afraid of: sợ, e ngại - full of: đầy - aware of: nhận thức - capable of: có khả - confident of :tin tưởng - fond of: thích TO: - accustomed to = be used to: quen với - next to = close to : kế bên - open to: mở - pleasant to: hài lòng - contrary to: trái lại, đối lập - equal to: tương đương với, - rude to: thô lỗ, cộc cằn - similar to: giống, tương tự FOR: - sorry for: xin lỗi - late for: trễ Page 102 By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh - famous for: tiếng - necessary for: cần thiết - ready for smt: sẵn sàng cho việc - qualified for: có phẩm chất - good for: tốt cho - responsible for smt: chịu trách nhiệm việc AT: - good at: giỏi (về ) - excellent at: xuất sắc - bad at: dở( ) - clever at: khéo léo, thông minh - skilful at: khéo léo, có kỹ - quick at: nhanh - amazed at: ngạc nhiên - present at: diện - surprised at: ngạc nhiên WITH: - busy with: bận - familiar with: quen thuộc - crowded with: đông đúc - angry with: giận - friendly with: thân mật - bored with: chán - fed up with: chán/ ngán ngẩm ABOUT: - excited about: hào hứng - happy about: vui, hạnh phúc - sad about: buồn - worried about: lo lắng IN: - interested in: thích, quan tâm - rich in: giàu - successful in: thành công FROM: - absent from: vắng mặt ( khỏi ) - different from: khác ON: - keen on: hăng hái Page 103 Prepositions By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh Prepositions Exercise – Put in one of the following : AT, ON, IN, DURING, FOR, SINCE, BY, UNTIL Jack has gone away He’ll back a week We’re having a party Saturday Can you come ? I’ve got an inetrview next week It’s 9.30 Tuesday morning Sue isn’t usually here weekends Shoe goes away The train service is very good The trains are nearly always time It was a confusing situation Many things were happening the same time I couldn’t decide whether or not to buy the sweater the end I decided to leave it The road is budy all the time, even night I met a lot of nice people my stay in New York 10 I saw Helen Friday, but I haven’t seen her then 11 Brian has been doing the same job five years 12 Lisa’s birthday is the end of March I’m not sure exactly which day it is 13 We have some friends staying with us the moment They’re staying Firday 14 If you’re interested in applying for the job, your application must be received Friday 15 I’m just going out I won’t be long – I’ll be back ten minutes Exercise – Fill in each gap with a proper preposition Alice is afraid …… crossing the busy streets My sister was proud …… her good marks on English That singer has become very popular …… the youth This sweater will keep you safe …… the cold He feels confident …… passing the examination Be confident …… yourself if you want to succeed My parents are pleased …… my result Are you amazed …… seeing that scene ? His words are contrary …… his acts 10 Hue is famous …… its historical vestiges 11 My mother is always busy …… her housework 12 He was absent …… work yesterday because he was ill 13 His job seems similar …… yours, isn’t it ? 14 Are you excited …… going on holiday next week ? 15 Please wait here I’ll have some tickets available …… you 16 It’s very kind …… you to help them Page By Trần Hồng Đức 104 Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh 17 Thank you You are very kind …… me 18 The teacher is angry …… your laziness 19 I’m angry …… you …… not obeying me 20 They were happy …… the result of the election Prepositions GIỚI TỪ ĐI SAU ĐỘNG TỪ: A: Verb + preposition: (1) S + Verb + Preposition + … Verb + preposition Agree with sb about sth / on sth Meaning Đồng ý với Apologize to sb for doing sth Xin lỗi điều Appeal to sb Mời gọi Apply for st Apply to someone Approve of sb/ sth Nộp đơn xin Nộp đơn cho Tranh luận với uûng hoä Argue with sb about sth Believe in sb / sth Đến: arrive in London / in Britain arrive at school / the party / the hotel Tin vào Combine with sth Kết hợp với 10.Complain to sb about sth Phàn nàn với 11.concentrate on Tập trung vào 12.depend on Tùy thuộc vào 13 Die of chết bệnh … 14.die from Chết nguyên nhân khác 15.differ from Khác biệt với 16.Fight for = struggle for sb / sth Fight = struggle against (illiteracy…) đấu tranh đấu tranh chống xấu 17 Glance at sb liếc nhìn 18.graduate from Tốt nghiệp từ trường 19.hear from sb có tin tức 20.infer from suy từ 21 Insist on sth nài nỉ, khaêng khaêng 22.introduce to sb giới thiệu với 23.laugh at someone / smile at sb Cười nhạo 24.leave for + Place leave + Place 25.Listen to sb/ sth Rời nơi để nơi Rời khỏi nơi (khơng đđề cập nơi mới) nghe 26.Live on ( food/ money ) sống bằng, nhờ vào… 27 Look after sb/ sth chăm sóc, trông nom 28 Look for sb/ sth tìm kiếm 29 Look forward to sb/ sth mong chờ 30.Participate in sth = take part in Tham gia arrive in + Thành phố, quốc gia arrive at + Nơi nhỏ (airport / station) Page 105 By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh Prepositions 31.point st at someone/ Chỉ … vào / chóa vào 32.Prepare for Chuẩn bò 33 refer to sb/ sth Aùm chæ 34.rely on Tin cậy, nhờ cậy 35 suffer from Khổ sở, chòu 36.seek for/ search for / look for Tìm kiếm 37.speak to sb speak up Nói chuyện với nói lớn 38.spend on something 39.talk about (of) 40.stand for tiêu xài vào việc 41.stare at someone/ st Nhìn chằm vào… 42.succeed in Thành công 43.throw st at someone / st chọi …vào 44.wait for sb Chờ 45.write to someone Viết thư gửi Bàn Tượng trưng cho C: Verb + Object + preposition (2) Verb + Object Preposition Accuse sb of sth Ask sb for sth Borrow sth from sb Congratulate sb on st/ doing sth Explain sth to sb Give sth to sb/ Give sb sth 46.Invite sb to Prevent sb from doing sth Protect sb from/ against Provide sb with sth 10 regard / consider sb as 11 Remind sb about sth 12 receive / get st from sb 13 thank sb for st 14 Warn sb about/ against sth Meaning Cáo buộc về… Hỏi xin Mượn…từ Chúc mừng … Giải thích cho Cho …đến tay Mời đến Ngăn cản khỏi Bảo vệ khỏi Cung cấp…về Xem Nhắc nhở về… Nhận …từ… Cám ơn Cảnh báo … về… GIỚI TỪ ĐI SAU DANH TỪ: D Noun + preposition 10 11 Answer to st, : câu trả lời cho Apology to sb : lời xin lỗi Reply to, solution to, : lời đáp/ giải pháp Attitude towards sb/ sth : thái độ Cause, example, picture, photograph of : nguyên nhân/ dụ / tranh / hình Increase in, rise in / decrease in, fall in : gia tăng / suy giảm Difficulty in doing sth : khó khăn Reason for sth : lý cho Developments in : phát triển effect on : ảnh hưởng lên… Impression on sb : ấn tượng Page 106 By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh 12 Threat of : đe dọa 13 cure for : phương thuốc dành cho Prepositions Exercise – Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition if necessary You’re always asking me money Ask somebody else for a change I’ve applied a job at the factory I don’t know if I’ll get it If I want a job at the factory, who I apply ? I’ve searched everywhere John but I haven’t been able to find him I don’t want to talk what happened last night Let’s forget it I don’t want to discuss what happened last night Let’s forget it We had an interesting discussion the problem but we didn’t reach a decision Keith and Sonia are touring Europe They’re in Rome at the moment, but tomorrow they leave Venice The roof of the house is in very bad condition I think we ought to something it 10 We waited him for half an hour but he never came Exercise – Choose the best option He will come Monday the afternoon A in/on B on/in C at/in D up/to We have stayed there 2000 A since B for C with D under Will he be there one month? A out B with C for D near What does he often his free time? A in B up C with D upto I am sad my daughter’s laziness A from B at C for D about The children are free Sundays A on B up C with D under Việt is not interested listening to music A with B under C in D up Her profession is similar his A in B up C with D to Ms Trang is fond candy A under B off C of D in 10 Were you absent the lecture yesterday? A in B with C up D from 11 We must hurry if we not want to be late school A from B for C to D out 12 Will the raincoat keep you safe the cold? A to B up C with D from 13 last you have to make a conclusion A in B up C from D at 14 Have you left your bicycle leaning the tree? A in B up C to D under 15 Do you have to live Hanoi in autumn every year? A in B up C with D under 16 They have lived in this city twenty years of their life A at B during C since D for 17 I am walking the river bank A within B without C along D in 18 For the last few days I haven’t been able to sleep night A for B to C of D at 19 Are you acquainted the lady? Page 107 By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh A at B in C on D with 20 We will leave Russia A for B to C of D at 21 It never snows here Christmas A for B to C of D at 22 He always comes here bicycle A in B by C over D with 23 - A: “Can you lend me your notebook Friday?” - B “ Sorry, I can’t I’ll have to finish my report the end of the week” A on/at B on/in C in/at D in/in 24 We’ll have to hurry if we want to be time for the show A on B.in C at D for 25 Why are you so rude your sisters ? Can’t you be nice them ? Prepositions Most college football games are played Saturdays A at B in C with Leaves turn color _ the autumn A for B on C at th My birthday is………… November 20 a in b at c during d on Her house is far…………… the school a on b of c from d for The leaves of these trees always drop……… autumn a in b during c about d on In England people drive ……………the left side of the road a in b from c to d on 10 Tom’s grandfather died……… 1997…………the age of 79 a in/in b in/of c in/at d in/on 11 The result was quite different what I expected a with b at c to d from 15 He is bored doing the same job for too long a at b with c of d from 17 It happened 7:00 _the evening a in /at b to / in c at / to d at/ in 18 My brother was very good _physics a with b at c in d on 20 We might have a picnic It depends _the weather a in b at c to d on _ the whole, I enjoy the movie A On B In C At She’ll come home April A on B in C at Minh was born _ Ho Chi Minh city A on B at C in When we arrived _ the station, the last train had just gone A in B at C for Blue grass music is somewhat different other types of country music A to B from C with We are here to provide you _ the best service possible A of B with C to Nowadays, most of young people are involved learning English A of B with C along Page 108 D on D in D Up D for D up D from D upon D for D in By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh Prepositions 10 Are you interested _ learning English? A of B with C along D in 11 I’m so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her last year A for B on C since D A and B 12 He is very successful _ his job A for B with C in D of 13 When Mr Pike was young, he was keen playing football A of B on C at D in 14 Mary is the most beautiful girl _ the three sisters A in B of C with D on 15 I will be responsible what I A with B for C from D on 16 You cannot well two jobs _ same time A in B at C on D for 17 I’m not good _ English I think I should spend more time _ it A in / at B at / on C at / in D on / at 18 An apple stands _ the New York State A for B on C up D at 19 Catherine became accustomed _ spicy foods when she was traveling A to B on C for D about 20 Washington state is famous its apples A in B for C of D with 21 Were you aware the regulations against smoking in this area? A in B with C of D about 22 William insists getting up early, even on weekends A on B to C toward D for 23 Please come here _ once A on B in C at D for 24 Teacher, are we expected to learn all the new words heart? A in B at C by D to 25 She always takes good care _ her children A for B in C of D with 26 All of us are fond _ listening to music A in B about C of D with 27 I'd rather go to the football field instead being in class today A in B to C of D at 28 Scientists are searching _ some other kinds of energy A at B about C in D for 29 Motor vehicles account _ 75% of air pollution in the major cities A of B in C on D for She is always borrowing money _ me A from B to C of D in 27 they wasted valuable time searching _the car key a in b with c for d to 28 Tom succecced _persuading his boss to buy a computer a of b in c on d with 29 They are now in Paris , they will leave London next week a to b of c for d on 30 Fred is looking forward to hearing his brother a to b from c in d off 33 Many people regard him………….one of the greatest pianist in the world A.as B with C.at D about 34 Everyone will laugh …………………her A from B.to C for D at Page 109 By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh 36 Who takes care…………………the children when you are at work.? A.at B.to C for D of 30 31 I haven’t gone there _ ages A with B in C for 32 Most college football games are played Saturdays A at B in C with 33 Leaves turn color _ the autumn A for B on C at 34 Minh was born _ Ho Chi Minh city A on B at C in 35 Mai graduated _ the University of Education A from B at C in 36 English is spoken in many countries all _ the world A in B over C at 37 _ many areas of the world, wars have made lives more miserable A on B from C in 38 When we arrived _ the station, the last train had just gone A in B at C for 39 Approaching the village, we saw the village common in the distance A at B in C to 40 Fortunately, the company offered _ me the job I had applied A to B for C with 41 The pop singer has always received a large number of letter _ her fans A of B from C to 42 She was very surprised _ the grade she received A on B of C at 43 I was disappointed the grade I received on my last essay A for B about C to 44 We are here to provide you _ the best service possible A of B with C to 45 Are you interested _ learning English? A of B with C along 46 I’m so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her last year A for B on C since 47 He is very successful _ his job A for B with C in 48 We are sure that they are all in favour the plan A to B for C of 49 pollution has bad effect our life A of B to C with We all laughed _ the cartoon A for B at C on Prepositions D of D on D in D up D for D from D at D from D x D x D on D about D A and B D for D in D A and B D of D at D on D to Police are searching _ the man who escaped from prison A at B in C for D by Question 9: She must leave now ,so she is _ a hurry A for B in C into D with Question 8: Mary always takes great care………….her children A to B with C for D of Question 48: She started school when she was six years old A At the year of six, she started school B At the time of six, she started school Page 110 By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh Prepositions C At the old of six, she started school D At the age of six, she started school Question 17: My mother is responsible to the household chores in my family A B C D Question 27: My family consist brothers and I five people: my parents, my two younger A on B of C over D up 10 I’m very _ in the information you have given me A concerned B worried C interested 19 Many Vietnamese people are fond watching football A in B about C of Page 111 D surprised D with By Trần Hồng Đức ... taxi / train/ bicycle Page 101 Prepositions By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh Prepositions GIỚI TỪ ĐI SAU TÍNH TỪ: S + BE + ADJ + PREPOSITIONS OF: - ashamed of:... (airport / station) Page 105 By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh Prepositions 31.point st at someone/ Chỉ … vào / chóa vào 32.Prepare for Chuẩn bò 33 refer to sb/ sth... - different from: khác ON: - keen on: hăng hái Page 103 Prepositions By Trần Hồng Đức Hệ Thống Kiến Thức Ngữ Pháp Cấu Trúc Tiếng Anh Prepositions Exercise – Put in one of the following : AT,