Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com The Bloomsbury Companion to Stylistics www.Ebook777.com Bloomsbury Companions Bloomsbury Companion to Cognitive Linguistics, edited by Jeannette Littlemore and John R Taylor Bloomsbury Companion to Lexicography, edited by Howard Jackson Bloomsbury Companion to, M.A.K Halliday, edited by Jonathan J Webster Bloomsbury Companion to Phonetics, edited by Mark J Jones and Rachael-Anne Knight Bloomsbury Companion to Syntax, edited by Silvia Luraghi and Claudia Parodi Continuum Companion to Discourse Analysis, edited by Ken Hyland and Brian Paltridge Available in Paperback as Bloomsbury Companion to Discourse Studies Continuum Companion to Historical Linguistics, edited by Silvia Luraghi and Vit Bubenik Available in Paperback as Bloomsbury Companion to Historical Linguistics Continuum Companion to Phonology, edited by Nancy C Kula, Bert Botma and Kuniya Nasukawa Available in Paperback as Bloomsbury Companion to 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Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the Editor of this work All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the author British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: HB: 978-1-4411-6005-8 ePDF: 978-1-4411-4320-4 ePub: 978-1-4411-4325-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Bloomsbury Companion to Stylistics / edited by Violeta Sotirova pages cm – (Bloomsbury companions) ISBN 978-1-4411-4325-9 (epub) – ISBN 978-1-4411-6005-8 (hardback) – ISBN 978-1-4411-4320-4 (epdf) English language–Style English language–Versification Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) Style, Literary I Sotirova, Violeta, editor PE1421.B56 2015 808’.042–dc23 2015010278 Series: Bloomsbury Companions Typeset by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India www.Ebook777.com Contents Part I The Discipline of Stylistics Introduction Violeta Sotirova Part II Theoretical Approaches and Research Methods Structuralism and Stylistics Linda Pillière 21 Generative Grammar and Stylistics Andrew Caink 37 Functional Stylistics Benedict Lin 57 Pragmatics and Stylistics Siobhan Chapman 78 Discourse Stylistics Marina Lambrou 92 Cognitive Stylistics David West 109 Feminist Stylistics Clare Walsh 122 Corpus Stylistics Michaela Mahlberg 139 10 Critical Stylistics Lesley Jeffries 157 11 New Historical Stylistics Beatrix Busse 177 12 Empirical Stylistics Frank Hakemulder and Willie van Peer 189 13 Pedagogical Stylistics: Charting Outcomes Sonia Zyngier and Olivia Fialho 208 Contents 14 Stylistics and Translation Jean Boase-Beier 231 15 Stylistics and Literary Theory Geoff Hall 244 16 Sociolinguistics and Stylistics Sylvia Adamson 263 Part III Current Areas of Research 17 Defamiliarization and Foregrounding Catherine Emmott and Marc Alexander 289 18 Metaphor Gerard Steen 308 19 Mind-Style David L Hoover 325 20 Narrative Point of View Joe Bray 341 21 Speech and Thought Presentation Reiko Ikeo 356 22 Consciousness Eric Rundquist 380 23 Deixis in Literature Keith Green 400 24 Dialect in Literature Jane Hodson 416 25 Dialogue Dan McIntyre 430 26 Text-Worlds Joanna Gavins 444 27 Texture Peter Stockwell 458 28 Iconicity Christina Ljungberg 474 29 Narrativity Yanna Popova 488 vi Contents 30 Emotion Sara Whiteley 507 31 Verse Nigel Fabb 523 32 Odd Pronominal Narratives Manuel Jobert 537 33 Irony Massimiliano Morini 553 Part IV Genres and Periods 34 Old English Style Sara M Pons-Sanz 569 35 Middle English Style Louise Sylvester 583 36 Early Modern Style Sylvia Adamson 607 37 The Poetics of Everyday Discourse Jessica Mason and Ronald Carter 631 38 Dramatic Discourse Sarah Grandage 646 39 Style in Popular Literature Rocío Montoro 671 40 Style in World Englishes Literature E Dawson Varughese 688 Author Index Subject Index Literary Writers and Texts 703 715 726 vii viii Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Part I The Discipline of Stylistics www.Ebook777.com Subject Index Avant-garde poetry 47 axis of combination/metonymic axis/ syntagmatic axis 14, 22, 24, 26, 32 axis of selection/metaphoric axis/ paradigmatic axis 14, 15, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28–30 Behaver 59 Behavioural process 59, 70 Beneficiary 59 Black English 272, 282n. 5 blank verse 532, 535 blended world 447, 452, 453 body language 148, 149, 150, 151, 563 body parts 62, 298, 681 bomphiology/bombast style 611–13 boulomaic modality 173, 304, 658, 659, 662 British English 237, 270, 437, 438, 441, 623, 697 British National Corpus (BNC) 458, 459, 676, 683, 686n. 14 Cacozelon 612–14 CANCODE (The Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English) 633, 644n. 1 Cappuccino fiction 131, 135n. 1 cardinal functions 491, 491 Carmen figuratum 477 Carrier 59 case 583, 624 catalysers 491, 492 Central American literature 534 chiasmus 479–80 Chick lit 131, 672 chronolect 264 Circumstance 58, 59, 60, 69, 70, 71 Classical languages 609 Greek 96, 192, 213, 237, 480, 540, 556, 616–17, 620 Latin 213, 237, 275, 458, 538, 556, 578, 584, 585, 588, 590, 594, 599, 603, 607, 616–17, 620, 624 classical narratology 11, 491, 495 clause 42, 43, 49, 50, 51, 59, 60, 62, 69, 70, 71, 72, 93, 100, 105, 113, 151, 164, 165, 168, 170, 172, 274, 317, 375, 388, 716 393, 563, 576, 617, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624 adverbial clause 49, 51, 698 complement clause 49, 405 conditional clause 470 finite clause 69, 70 main clause 26, 51, 70, 168, 171, 619, 621, 623, 624, 625, 627 non-finite clause 69, 620 participial clause 27, 622, 626, 627 relative clause 38, 44, 49, 50, 51, 272, 281, 413, 421, 621, 622, 625, 626, 627 reported clause 360, 371, 377n. 2 reporting clause 153, 166, 168, 360, 371, 373, 374, 376, 377n. 2 subordinate clause 26, 172, 222, 274, 293, 353, 619, 621, 622 CLiC 149, 154n. 2 clusters 147, 149, 151, 152, 154n. 4, 185, 221, 677, 680 code-switching 277, 278, 279, 282, 689, 690–3, 697, 699–701 Cognitive linguistics 109, 111, 117, 401, 408, 507, 647, 653 Cognitive science 38, 109, 117, 303, 653, 654 Cognitive stylistics/cognitive poetics 16, 109–21, 183, 193, 218, 232, 234, 235, 236, 242, 253, 258, 259, 292, 404, 405, 459, 472, 507 coherence 297, 320, 375, 383, 385, 397, 499 cohesion 31, 60, 61, 62, 64, 98, 104, 292, 371, 378n. 2, 384, 385, 392, 395, 540, 619 cohesive links 62, 64, 384, 395 collocate 146, 225, 611, 676, 680, 681 collocation 154, 167, 459, 573, 574, 617, 666, 677, 680 colloquial language 12, 64, 179, 240, 266, 267, 274, 366, 424, 471, 584, 627 commissives 80 communities of practice 183, 184, 446 Comparative stylistics 231 complement 27, 32, 43, 50, 52, 58, 63 compound epithets 616, 617 Subject Index compounding 44, 239, 393, 573, 574, 578, 579n. 15, 579n. 17, 583, 584, 614, 616, 617, 618 Computational stylistics 139, 142, 144–5, 153 conceptual blending 167, 232, 234 conceptual metaphor 16, 128, 232, 311–13, 315, 316, 452 conceptual space 447, 452 concordance 143, 146, 147, 148, 153, 192, 439, 440, 682, 686n conditional modality 165, 173, 441, 454, 464, 470 conjunction 44, 60, 296, 531, 590, 611 adversative conjunction 69, 71, 376 anaphoric conjunction 619 coordinating conjunction 450, 482, 371, 372, 373, 622 subordinating conjunction 371, 373, 376, 622 consciousness 15, 42, 43, 195, 201, 326, 342, 343, 346, 349, 350, 354, 355, 358, 362, 363, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370, 371, 377, 378n. 4, 380–99, 465, 466, 470, 489, 495, 497, 499, 681 consonant 98, 112, 114, 115, 117–20, 265, 526, 528, 570, 590, 593 content words 41, 141, 142, 147, 313, 587, 588 context 5, 9, 31, 38, 39, 42, 43, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68, 72, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 107, 110, 120, 123, 125, 126, 133, 140, 143, 145, 150, 151, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 178, 179, 183, 185, 180, 181, 211, 213, 214, 216, 217, 231, 232, 233, 237, 241, 255, 256, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 271, 273, 279, 282n. 3, 296, 297, 310, 315, 321, 357, 365, 393, 401, 406, 407, 409, 411, 413n. 2, 418, 423, 425, 431, 433, 442, 444, 446, 447, 448, 449, 455, 471, 509, 510, 519, 530, 554, 556, 631, 635, 638, 640, 644n. 1, 647, 652, 653, 657, 658, 666, 667, 678 contraction 421, 422, 436 conversational implicature 78–84, 86–8, 165, 172, 434, 435, 525, 526, 532, 554–7, 559, 560, 649, 652 conversational maxims 80–2, 172, 319, 327, 556–8, 563, 565n. 2, 652 conversation analysis 182, 433, 539, 647 cooperative principle 81, 556, 564, 649 coordination/parataxis 41, 281, 620, 622 copula 50, 51, 52, 272 corpus approach 359, 646, 653 Corpus linguistics 24, 73, 139, 140, 141–4, 145, 153, 182, 220, 256, 435, 647, 653 Corpus of Historical American English 437 corpus stylistic circle 140, 146, 154 correlative construction 622 co-text 162, 163, 167, 179, 556 courtly love poetry 411 creativity 41, 109, 120, 125, 186, 252, 482, 485, 574, 575, 631, 631–44, 692, 693 Crime fiction 81, 200, 672 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) 157, 158–61, 162, 175, 245, 253, 255–6, 432 Critical theory 245, 246, 250, 255, 259n. 1 cross-world mapping 454 Cubism 15 Cultural materialism 254 C-unit 433, 434 curial prose 619, 620 declarative mood 59, 274 Deconstruction 110, 248, 249, 250, 253 deep structure 24, 45, 46, 232, 492 defamiliarization 6, 9, 13, 248, 289–307 definite article 141, 426, 543 Deictic shift theory 166, 401, 653 deixis 42, 163, 166, 182, 218, 222, 263, 274, 282n. 2, 283n. 11, 381, 386, 388, 395, 400–15, 447, 449, 450, 453, 454, 455, 464, 465, 467, 471, 476, 510, 544, 647, 656, 657, 658, 659, 661, 662, 664, 666 demotic mode 226, 273, 274, 607 deontic modality 274, 302, 304, 658, 659, 661 derivation 576, 584, 612 determiner 30, 113, 441, 584, 659 717 Subject Index deviance/deviation 23, 24, 31, 40, 41, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 133, 146, 178, 182, 190, 194, 199–202, 258, 291, 292, 305n. 5, 337, 338, 339n. 6, 391, 393–6, 501, 651 external deviation 65 internal deviation 65 dialect 257, 264, 265, 267, 270, 273, 282n. 8, 283n. 10, 333, 416–29, 585, 590, 592–4, 598, 604, 615, 652 regional dialect 264, 265, 652 dialect literature 426 diatype 264 diegesis 358 digital humanities 144–5 directives 80, 271, 658 direct object 26, 51, 113 Direct Speech 42, 44, 45, 152, 179, 180, 296, 357, 360, 364, 365, 374, 392, 406, 420, 422, 427, 464, 465, 471, 558, 660 Direct Thought 241, 360, 368, 381 Discourse analysis 93–5, 182, 214, 245, 251–6, 432, 653, 654 discourse markers 179, 180, 182, 422, 436, 623 discourse-world 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 452, 453–5, 509, 510, 511, 513, 518 dissonant psycho-narration 381 double negative 426, 699 dual voice 389, 397 dystopia 328, 481, 511 Early Modern period 179, 180, 181, 185, 275, 283n. 10, 283n. 11, 409, 583, 660, 662, 607–30 echolalia 394 Eco-criticism 258 eddic poetry 570 EFL (English as a Foreign Language) 215 ellipsis 61, 274, 636 elocution 96 empathy 97, 106, 194, 195, 196, 201, 232, 377n. 2, 463, 465, 466, 509, 513, 539 empirical method 9, 41, 43, 79, 181, 189–207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 217, 219, 225, 226, 245, 246, 252, 253, 265, 269, 271, 292, 491, 515 718 enactor 447, 448, 452, 513, 517 enregisterment 184, 271, 283n. 9, 423, 425, 426, 427 epanaphora 623 epic 607, 609, 611 epigraph 312, 410, 448, 452 epiphora 623 epistemic modality 87, 173, 222, 454, 464, 514, 520, 526, 532, 658, 660 epistolary novel 280, 342–7, 348, 349, 353, 355, 625 epistrophe 31 epithet 180, 577, 600, 615–18 epizeuxis 31 ethos 95, 97, 103, 107 etymology 12, 233, 235, 241, 242, 271, 458, 555, 556, 561 exclamation mark 135n. 4, 352, 386 Existent 59 Existential process 59 exophoric reference 386 experiencing self 342, 343 expletive 349, 352, 436, 635 external narration 197, 341, 348, 355, 370, 381, 389, 397, 464, 537, 540, 562, 679 fable 599 fabliaux 593, 594, 599 fabula and sjužet 8, 10, 342, 492, 493, 496 face-threatening acts 634, 637, 651 Feminism/Feminist stylistics 62, 122–38, 194, 238, 246, 249, 250, 254, 256–7, 258, 541, 547 Feudal 275 fictive motion 466 Field 58 figurative language 98, 104 first-person narrative 12, 537–52 focalization 198–9, 341–2, 348, 395, 562 foregrounding 8–10, 23, 24, 27, 31, 65–7, 69, 70–2, 99, 107, 113, 123, 126, 146, 165, 177, 193, 194, 209, 210, 221, 277, 281, 289–307, 383, 384, 391, 394, 401, 427, 439, 440, 455, 466, 470, 484, 485, 543, 544, 545, 547, 548, 621, 625, 627, 649, 657, 661, 690 Subject Index formality/formal lexis 264, 266, 267, 268, 270, 272, 353, 439, 442, 557, 561, 563, 598, 610, 611 formulaic expression 573, 594, 633, 636 Free Direct Speech 360, 431, 471 Free Direct Thought 360, 381 free indirect discourse 43, 191, 200, 257, 258, 343, 357 Free Indirect Speech 257, 360 free indirect style 40, 44, 54n. 1, 380–99 Free Indirect Thought 360, 372 F-response 196, 202 function-advancing elements 464, 465, 513 Functional grammar/linguistics 39, 45, 57–77, 126 fustian style 613–14 future modality 650, 657–61 gender 122–38, 246, 250, 253, 255, 256, 257, 337, 338, 484, 640, 695 genre 5, 12, 13, 15, 24, 53, 64, 81, 95, 107, 111, 123, 158, 178, 179, 181, 182, 184, 185, 248, 257, 275, 280, 308–23, 359, 401, 406, 409, 412, 431, 453, 477, 533, 534, 565n. 2, 574, 585, 589, 593, 594, 598–9, 604, 607, 610, 611, 614, 619, 647, 649, 653, 671, 672, 685n. 3, 692 Germanic languages/vocabulary 235, 240, 272, 278, 569, 570, 578, 579n. 3, 611, 612 Ghanaian-English 422 Goal 59, 62, 71, 495 grammatical gender 337, 583, 407 grand style 607–30 graphology 291, 393, 448 Gricean maxims 80–2, 172, 319, 327, 556–8, 563, 565n. 2, 652 haiku 112 heteroglossia 655–6 Hiberno-English 426 Hindi 690, 691, 692, 697, 699, 700 historical novels 672 historical pragmatics 179, 181, 182, 185 historical social style 184 historical sociolinguistics 182, 185 historical style 178, 181 historical texts 178, 184, 186 historicism 7, 110 homily 571, 572, 574, 575, 577, 578, 579n. 9, 579n. 11, 579n. 14 homoioptoton 571 homonymy 235, 242 humour 177, 275, 280, 303, 333, 338, 350, 351, 354, 612, 637, 638 hyperbole 275 hypercorrection 270, 282n. 8 hypothetical modality 30, 163, 165, 454, 464, 466, 491, 514, 516, 519, 657, 658, 660, 663, 664 iambic pentameter 528, 529, 531, 532, 534, 626 iambic tetrameter 470, 525 iconicity 167, 193, 451, 474–87, 501 ideational function 58, 59, 162–3 ideological point of view 326, 327–9, 330, 338, 339n. 2 idiom 180, 221, 235, 242, 266, 338, 633, 634, 637, 638 IGEL (The International Society for the Empirical Study of Literature) 193 illocutionary act 365, 650 image schema 466, 471, 482, 484 imperative 42, 59, 258, 381, 438, 611 imperfective aspect 501, 503 implied author 195 impoliteness 80, 81, 557, 650, 651 indeterminability 258 indexicality 267, 268, 403, 406–8, 475–6 Indian English 419, 690–2, 697, 700 indirectness 80, 439 Indirect Speech 86, 166, 357, 360, 365, 431 Indirect Thought 360, 372, 381 Indo-European languages 569, 622 Indonesian literature 534 inference 45, 50, 52, 53, 81, 381, 515, 526, 531, 533, 534, 535, 635, 636, 654 informality/informal lexis 266, 267, 436, 590, 699 inherent form 533, 534, 535 inner speech 383, 388, 389, 394 719 Subject Index input space 237, 452, 453 Integrational approach 123 interior monologue 342, 349, 382, 388, 389, 392 interjection 183 Interpersonal function 58, 59, 60, 63, 69, 71, 80, 81, 509 interrogative mood 59, 60 intertextuality 133, 252, 257, 357 I-principle 82 irony 80, 125, 145, 193, 198, 350, 377n. 2, 553–6 isocolon 623 Jakobson’s functions of language 9 Jakobson’s poetic function 9, 24, 31, 524, 526, 533 kernels (narrative) 491, 492 key words 146, 147, 153 language acquisition 479 language change 479 language evolution 479 language in use 57, 93, 107, 250, 253, 649 language variation 416, 417 langue 22–4, 163, 250, 265 Latinate vocabulary 266, 272, 274, 280, 281, 393, 420, 421, 422, 470, 598, 609–18, 619 legal vocabulary 274, 571, 574, 619 lexical bundles 154n. 4, 221, 222, 223, 225 lexico-grammar 58, 59, 66 lexicography 143 lexis 97, 98, 103, 104, 106, 107 limerick 113 linguistic borrowing 583, 584, 585, 588, 603, 610, 691 linguistic competence 12, 38, 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 163, 433 Linguistics 3, 5, 22, 24, 54, 73, 79, 158, 159, 181, 185, 191, 192, 212, 214, 215, 216, 231, 232, 235, 242, 245, 246, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 257, 269, 282n. 3, 433, 444, 474, 476, 479, 654 linguistic variable 416, 423, 426 literary awareness 216, 217 720 literary competence 44, 249 Literary History/history of style 4, 7–8, 16, 181, 211, 622 literary language 4–6, 14, 47, 181, 251, 403, 404, 409, 524, 608 Literary Theory 3, 13, 14, 194, 195, 217, 232, 244–62 loan words 585, 614 locutionary agency 381, 395 logos 92, 95, 97, 100, 103–7 London English 427, 593 malapropism 612–14 markedness 523–8, 529, 533, 535 Marxism/Marxist 158, 249, 250, 258 Material action event 170 Material action intention 127, 164, 168, 170, 172 Material action supervention 170 Material process 59, 62, 70, 71 mediation 466, 496 medieval multilingualism 588 mental image 22, 161, 173, 236, 239, 482, 515 Mental process 59, 70 mental representation 404, 405, 446, 447, 448, 451, 452, 454, 464, 509, 510, 515, 516, 518, 519, 520 mental states 180, 373, 385, 389 meta-language 217, 427 metaphor 6, 7, 15, 16, 24, 71, 80, 96, 98, 104, 107, 109, 114, 117, 118, 126, 129, 133, 167, 182, 193, 199, 218, 234, 239, 249, 250, 253, 267, 274, 290, 291, 301, 308–24, 326, 327, 336, 338, 395, 432, 452–4, 459, 463, 464, 476, 479, 482–5, 513, 572, 573, 608, 613, 620, 623, 625, 626, 632, 633, 634, 637, 638, 654, 684, 697, 701 metonymy 14–16, 24, 99, 105, 193 metre 52, 53, 112, 114, 115, 117, 523, 524, 525, 527, 528, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 574, 647, 652 Middle Dutch 587 Middle English 579n. 16, 583–606, 614 Midlands dialect 592, 598 mimesis/mimetic 247, 549, 357, 358 Subject Index mind style 62, 232, 236, 242, 325–40 Minimalism 38 modal auxiliary verb 60, 182, 274, 302, 304, 374, 435, 441, 660 modality 60, 63, 163, 165, 166, 168, 173, 218, 222, 274, 310, 374, 454, 466, 470, 514, 516, 647, 656, 657, 658, 663, 666 boulomaic modality 222, 304, 658, 659 deontic modality 222, 274, 302, 304, 658, 659, 661 epistemic modality 173, 222, 514, 520, 658, 660 modal-worlds 408, 447, 454, 464, 516, 518 monophthong 269, 270 mood 58, 59, 60, 63, 65 morphology/morphological 24, 44, 157, 159, 165, 181, 393, 469, 475, 478, 533, 612, 614, 633 Multidimensional approach 182, 323, 435 muthos 492 Mystery and suspense fiction 672 myth 133, 235, 462, 502, 685 narrating self 342, 343 narrative causality 297, 300, 475, 492, 494, 495, 496, 497, 501, 503, 504n. 9 narrative comprehension 489 narrative distance 195 narrative-internal perspective 395 narrative perspective/point of view 63, 126, 129, 166, 195–9, 201, 202, 327–9, 333, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339n. 2, 341– 55, 356–79, 381, 382, 386, 388, 392, 394, 397, 420, 465, 471, 494, 495, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 549, 550, 551, 553, 554, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565n. 3, 653, 658, 680 narrative progression 147 narrator 12, 13, 42, 43, 63, 81, 86, 126, 146, 148, 150, 151, 152, 195, 196, 197, 199, 200, 201, 296, 326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 338, 339n. 1, 341, 342, 347, 357, 358, 359, 360, 366, 370, 371, 372, 373, 376, 378n. 2, 378n. 3, 378n. 5, 380, 381, 382, 383, 385, 386, 387, 389, 390, 392, 394, 395, 396, 397, 420, 421, 431, 466, 468, 470, 481, 491, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504n. 10, 504n. 12, 511, 513, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 543, 544, 546, 548, 549, 550, 551, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565n. 1, 565n. 3, 593, 679, 680 heterodiegetic narrator/third person narrator 197, 370, 420, 537 homodiegetic narrator/first person narrator/I-narrator 126, 197, 537 Narrator’s Representation of Speech Acts 360, 378n. 3 Narrator’s Representation of Thought Acts 360 Narrator’s Representation of Voice 360 naturally occurring speech 431, 434, 435–7, 442, 648 negation 33, 53, 83, 168, 180, 353, 464, 470, 658, 659 Neo-Gricean pragmatics 78, 79, 81–4, 86, 89 Neologism 41, 610, 616 New Criticism 248, 250, 254, 410 New Historicism 110, 250, 254 New York dialect 265 n-grams 221, 676 nominalization 164, 439, 574 nonce compound 574 Norfolk dialect 593 Northern English 426, 592 noun 28, 33, 41, 53, 113, 164, 274, 337, 395, 441, 524, 529, 549, 551n. 1, 569, 574, 588, 599, 611, 616, 690, 694, 696, 697 abstract noun 319, 320 compound noun 584, 695 noun phrase 49, 59, 113, 164, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 222, 267, 316, 386, 393, 464, 528, 529, 618, 625, 666 proper noun 314 nuclei (narrative) 491 number (grammatical) 407, 408, 583 object (grammatical) 26, 51, 62, 113, 532, 624, 625 Old English 469, 569–82, 583, 585, 587, 588, 589, 592, 593, 603, 624 Old Norse 570, 585, 587, 592, 603 721 Subject Index omniscient narration 386, 389, 390, 391, 420, 499, 540 onomatopoeia 479 ordinary language 47, 99, 278, 524, 531, 639 Organicism 390 origo/deictic centre 166, 401, 408, 464, 544, 657, 658, 659, 664 orthography 418, 425, 590, 623 ostranenie 290 Oxford English Dictionary 185, 430, 584, 588 Palindrome 481 parallelism 9, 24, 41, 49, 50, 52, 53, 99, 100, 105, 252, 302, 391, 482, 524, 525, 528, 532, 533, 534, 535, 543, 575, 578, 623, 634, 636 para-text 427 parenthesis 26, 383, 480, 484 parenthetical 26, 149, 383, 384 attributive parenthetical 42, 43, 377n. 2, 383, 385, 396 parison 623 parody 52, 395, 396, 477, 500, 633 parole 22, 23, 163, 250 paromoiosis 393 paronomasia 571, 579n. 10 Participant 58, 59, 60, 62, 69, 70, 71, 170 participle 240, 569 past participle 614 present participle 453 parts of speech 435, 676 pastiche 477 pathos 95, 97, 103, 107 periodic structure/periodic syntax 274, 619–21, 622, 623, 625, 626, 627 personification 469, 501 Phenomenon 59, 70 philological circle 139 Philosophy of language 432 Phonology 23, 26, 41, 66, 155, 157, 159, 181, 239, 270, 291, 475, 478, 524, 530, 531, 532, 533, 590, 593, 633 plosive 115, 116, 465 plot 6, 10, 12, 24, 126, 130, 133, 134, 220, 221, 277, 347, 358, 364, 365, 370, 434, 722 492, 493, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 502, 503, 504n. 9, 515, 519, 541, 649, 650, 654, 656 polarity 60, 63, 65 politeness 79, 80, 81, 82, 180, 182, 222, 256, 264, 274, 433, 435, 539, 635, 650, 651 polyphony 13, 541, 554 polysemy 233, 235, 242 polysyndeton 391 Popular fiction 672, 674, 685 post-modification 164 power relations 63, 104, 124, 129, 131, 134, 159, 247, 255, 256, 277, 278, 638, 649, 650, 651, 689 Practical criticism 110 pragmatic meaning 93, 162, 163, 165 pragmatic principles 81, 82 Pragmatics 39, 46, 51, 53, 54n. 8, 54n. 9, 61, 62, 78–91, 93, 165, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 185, 214, 251, 252, 274, 258, 376, 381, 388, 432, 435, 556, 559, 562, 563, 647, 649–50, 654 predicate 46, 129 preposition 27, 51, 151, 180, 316, 321, 438, 441, 448, 449, 465, 466, 471, 484, 579n. 16, 583, 603, 611 prepositional phrase 32, 113, 151, 153, 222, 317, 466, 471, 529, 627, 666 present tense 42, 69, 70, 294, 374, 388, 392, 436, 513, 549, 592 generic present 28 historic present 28 present perfect 294, 549 present progressive 426 present simple 450 presupposition 165, 172, 432 prolepsis 390, 396 pronoun 44, 60, 64, 104, 105, 106, 168, 221, 278, 337, 386, 408, 411, 422, 438, 464, 537–41, 572, 583, 592, 603, 624, 678 demonstrative pronoun 60, 221, 225 first-person plural pronoun 170, 543–9, 659, 661, 662 first-person pronoun 383, 390, 436, 679, 680 Subject Index possessive pronoun 298, 440 pronoun ‘one’ 371 pronoun ‘some’ 545 relative pronoun 49, 698 second-person pronoun 42, 105, 374, 407, 436, 450, 452 third-person pronoun 28, 407, 435, 514, 549–51, 661 pronunciation 265, 421, 425, 689, 691, 692, 697, 701 Received Pronunciation 419, 421, 425 propositional content 39, 45, 47, 51, 60, 71, 87, 172, 268, 485, 495, 516, 525, 533, 548, 558 prosody 475 Proto-Germanic 570 proverb 482, 530 Psychoanalytical criticism 110 Psychological realism 381, 386 Psychology 4, 38, 111, 192, 216, 444, 489, 508 Cognitive Psychology 110, 209, 508 Evolutionary Psychology 109, 162 Social Psychology 267, 271, 507, 508, 509 punctuation 179, 290, 333, 334, 524, 617, 620, 623 punning 633, 634, 651, 652 pure narration 42 Realism 15, 280, 183n. 11, 386, 390, 417 receiver 59, 347, 413, 556, 557 re-enaction 500, 503 reference 60, 106, 381, 386, 400, 406, 409, 450, 452, 542, 543 reference corpus 145, 146, 359, 676 referring expression 402 register 59, 94, 98, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 179, 182, 257, 264, 276, 282n. 3, 283n. 9, 310, 317, 318, 322, 323, 419, 420, 422, 423, 435, 557, 563, 589, 599, 690, 699 register-mixing 618 register-switching 611 Relational process 59, 170, 171 Relevance theory 45, 54n. 9, 79, 80, 526, 535 Renaissance 275, 277, 279, 283n. 10, 283n. 11, 409, 477, 607–30 repetition 7, 9, 15, 31–4, 50, 61, 64, 96, 98, 99, 100, 104, 105, 106, 107, 113, 249, 252, 274, 279, 290, 291, 296, 302, 303, 388, 391, 393, 394, 469, 470, 480, 501, 503, 528, 543, 544, 548, 551, 558, 559, 560, 576, 590, 608, 623, 633, 636, 648, 659, 662, 698 represented perception 385, 386, 389, 394 re-registration 216, 218 Rheme 58, 60, 63 rhetorical question 349 Rhetoric/rhetorical device 16, 31, 95–108, 113, 114, 119, 164, 171, 180, 181, 212, 253, 294, 305n. 5, 310, 322, 391, 393, 435, 477, 479, 500, 554–66, 576, 578, 580n. 22, 608, 620, 647, 651, 652 rhoticity 265, 266, 267, 270 rhyme 98, 112, 114, 115, 117, 468, 470, 471, 475, 479, 480, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 530, 532, 533, 535, 570, 571, 578, 591, 592, 599 Romance Philology 3 Romance vocabulary 274 Romanticism 15 root sentence 383, 385 Russian Formalism 3–18, 23, 61, 65, 212, 231, 232, 247–50, 290, 291, 489, 492 satellites (narrative) 491, 492 satire 271–82, 329–30, 338 Sayer 59, 70, 71 schema 9, 131, 123, 131–2, 134, 291, 297, 300–1, 339n. 2, 403, 482, 484, 546, 653 schema theory 6 schematic language 98, 99, 103, 105 semantic domain 147 semantic meaning 163, 604 semantic prosody 146, 167, 384, 634 Semantics 25, 53, 58, 59, 65, 66, 111, 157, 167, 181, 231, 339n. 3, 383, 384, 406, 407, 470, 593 Propositional Semantics 45 Semiotics/semiotic 14, 57, 58, 66, 73, 178, 184, 216, 474, 475, 482, 647, 655 723 Subject Index Sensor 59, 70 sermon 310, 590, 594, 596, 598, 611 sign 12, 22, 23, 99, 264, 474, 475–6, 477, 478, 479, 482, 485 signified 12, 22, 116 signifier 12, 22, 23, 116, 251 simile 96, 98, 193, 274, 290, 300, 301, 311, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 322, 589 simple sentence 28, 44, 274, 334 simplex 573 skaz 12 slang 426, 427 social distance 651 social identity 263, 268, 271, 272, 277, 279, 418, 423, 509 sociolect 264 Sociolinguistics/sociolinguistic 93, 94, 181, 182, 183, 185, 246, 250, 252, 253, 254, 257, 263–85, 419, 423, 432, 433, 435, 594, 653, 689 sociolinguistic variety 12, 263–85, 308, 315, 416, 418, 427, 428, 431, 442, 583, 589, 590, 592, 593, 594, 598, 603 Sociology 192, 216 sonnet 111–21, 534, 535, 665 sound symbolism/synaesthesia 193, 528 speech act 23, 79, 80, 180, 182, 249, 257, 277, 432, 439, 440, 441, 538, 649, 650, 652, 653 Speech and Thought Presentation Model 147, 356–8, 360 spelling 179, 212, 333, 334, 417, 421, 422, 425, 426, 427, 590, 604, 614, 697 spoken discourse 107, 388, 391, 409, 410, 432, 433, 437, 562, 631–45, 653 spoken language 6, 26, 95, 166, 213, 309, 433, 434, 438, 439, 442, 479 Standard language 9, 46, 275, 291 stereotype 263–85, 423, 594 story and discourse/story structure 10, 11, 12, 24, 63, 194, 196, 220, 221, 295, 395, 397n. 2, 488, 490–4, 495, 496, 497, 499 stream of consciousness 362, 382, 389 Structuralism 3, 8, 10, 12, 16, 21–36, 46, 247–50, 490, 496 style shifting 419, 423 724 subject (grammatical) 26, 27, 40, 44, 49, 50, 60, 70, 71, 129, 171, 172, 225, 272, 374, 387, 467, 624, 625, 626 subjectivity 48, 182, 183, 381, 382, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 397n. 2, 401, 485, 658, 680 subordination/hypotaxis 165, 171, 274, 281, 621, 622 surface stricture 24, 25, 41, 45, 46, 347 Surrealism 15, 283n. 11 suspensions, suspended quotations 148–53 Symbolism 15 synchronic variation 177 synonymy 40, 61, 281, 406, 574, 604n. 1, 610, 611, 619, 623, 625, 626, 676, 696 syntactic reduplication 689, 696, 698, 701 Syntax 24, 25, 26, 28, 32, 39, 41, 44, 47, 48, 53, 111, 112, 114, 120, 157, 159, 167, 181, 231, 240, 266, 274, 333, 467, 475, 480, 526, 529, 531, 532, 543, 548 Systemic Functional Linguistics 57, 126 Target 59 tellability 496 Tel Quel 249 Tenor 58 tense 28, 54, 60, 70, 381, 426, 451, 501 past simple 28, 30, 42, 450 past tense 381, 383, 384, 386, 387, 389, 392, 435 textual intervention 179, 216 texture 4, 6, 10, 93, 94, 110, 116, 218, 453–5, 458–73 text-world 444–58, 464, 508, 509, 510, 511, 513–19 Text World Theory 160, 166, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 450, 452, 454, 455, 464, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 513, 514, 516, 518, 519, 520 Theme 59, 67, 69 theta roles 39 thought representation 80, 341 three-part list 99, 164, 171 Top-down methodology 181, 245 Subject Index transformation (grammatical) 39, 44, 61 transformation (narrative) 44 transitivity 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 69, 70, 72, 126–8, 164, 168, 169, 170, 256 Translational stylistics 236, 237, 240 tree diagrams 40, 49 tropes 16, 65, 98, 103, 127, 129, 338, 410, 432, 439, 556, 578 turn-taking 433, 649 typography 73, 475 under-lexicalization 333 uniformitarian principle 179 Urdu 690, 691, 692 utopia 481 variation 145, 147, 177, 181, 252, 258, 264, 416, 417, 424, 435, 436, 592, 593, 594, 652, 689 verb 14, 26, 30, 41, 43, 44, 49, 50, 51, 53, 83, 127, 128, 129, 135n. 4, 153, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 180, 240, 274, 296, 314, 319, 320, 385, 392, 422, 435, 436, 438, 441, 451, 453, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 478, 531, 548, 555, 569, 587, 589, 611, 616, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 660, 695 auxiliary verb 40, 50, 51, 60 infinitive 14 phrasal verb 438 verb phrase 49, 50, 59, 60, 222, 294, 465 verbal aspect 388, 501 imperfective aspect 501, 503 past perfect aspect 436 perfective aspect 549 present perfect 294, 549 present progressive 426 Verbal process 59, 70, 71 Verbiage 59 verisimilitude 275, 594, 604 vernacular 275, 590, 592, 593, 607, 609, 619 Victorian literature/period 330, 419, 462, 469, 470 visual poetry 479 vocative 42, 60, 63, 153 voice of the verb active voice 51, 296, 464 passive voice 38, 50, 51, 296, 297, 451, 453, 659 vowel 98, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 269, 270, 527, 529, 570, 579n. 10, 590, 592 Wmatrix 676, 677, 678, 683, 686n. 7, 686n. 9 word clouds 141, 142 word-formation 577, 584, 610, 615 word lists 141, 142 WordSmith 141, 142, 192, 221 Yorkshire English 265, 271, 419, 426, 427 zero focalization 341 725 Literary Writers and Texts Abbot Ỉlfric of Eynsham 571, 573 Abbott, Edwin Abbott Flatland 329, 330, 339n. 3 Aeschylus 607 Amis, Martin 673 Night Train 673 Ancrene Wisse 598 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 571 Anna Karenina 15 Apollinaire, Guillaume 477 Archbishop Wulfstan II of York 571, 573, 574, 579n. 6, 579n. 17 Arden, John 664 Aristotle 96, 97, 98, 103, 107, 492, 608, 615, 620, 623, 627, 647 Poetics 492 Rhetoric 608, 620 Atwood, Margaret 328, 477, 481, 482–5 The Handmaid’s Tale 328 ‘Pastoral Elegy’ 477 The Robber Bride 481 ‘This is a photograph of me’ 482–5 Austen, Jane 80, 144, 149, 163, 183, 280, 281, 554, 562, 673 Emma 80 Mansfield Park 280, 281, 554 Pride and Prejudice 141, 142, 143, 148 Sense and Sensibility 554 Bacon, Francis 275, 611, 616 Barnes, Julian 146 Talking it Over 146 The Battle of Maldon 570 Bauby, Jean-Dominique 290, 292, 293, 294, 300–2, 305n. 6 The Diving-Bell and the Butterfly 290, 300–2 Beattie, Ann 198 ‘Learning to Fall’ 198 Beaumont, Matt 348, 350–4, 355 e 348, 350–4, 355 726 Beckett, Samuel 41, 259 Behn, Aphra 343 Love-Letters Between a Nobleman and His Sister 343 Bennett, Arnold 25 Beowulf 569, 570, 573, 579n. 2 Berkoff, Steven 651 Greek 651 The Bible 103, 232, 309, 328, 502, 599 Boland, Eavan 402 ‘Distances’ 402 The Book Thief 334 Borges, Jorge Luis 195, 200 ‘Emma Zunz’ 195, 200 Bowen, Elizabeth 78, 79, 84–9 The Last September 78, 84–9 Bridget Jones’ Diary 123, 127, 132 Brontë, Emily 524, 525, 526–9, 530 Brooke, Arthur 641 Brown, Charles Brockden 343 Edgar Huntly 343 Brown, Dan 672 Browne, Thomas 611 Browning, Robert 73, 312 ‘My Last Duchess’ 73 Burgess, Anthony 339n. 6 A Clockwork Orange 339n. 6 Burney, Frances 280, 344 Evelina 344 Butler, Samuel 480 Caxton, William 609, 619 Celan, Paul 233–42 Chaplin, Charlie 15 Chapman, George 617 Chaucer, Geoffrey 182, 235, 417, 584, 589, 593, 594, 599, 604, 614, 615, 616 The Canterbury Tales 584 Reeve’s Tale 589, 593, 594 Miller’s Tale 599 Literary Writers and Texts Chauhan, Anuja 688–701 Battle for Bittora 688–701 Cheke, Sir John 610, 614 Chekhov, Anton 198, 656 ‘The Butterfly’ 198 Child, Lee 672 Christie, Agatha 268, 272 The Murder of Roger Ackroyd 268 Cicero 96, 608, 619, 620, 627 Cockeram, Henry 610, 613 Cocteau, Jean 13 Cole, Martina 672 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 480 ‘Frost at Midnight’ 480 Colet, John 625, 626 Conrad, Joseph 62, 540, 673 The Nigger of the Narcissus 540 The Secret Agent 62 Coward, Noel 653 Cummings, Edward Estlin 95, 477 Cursor Mundi 591, 594 Darkness and Dawn 327, 328 Dekker, Thomas 276 Dickens, Charles 81, 140, 148–53, 252, 417, 419, 420–2, 426, 553–66 Bleak House 148 Martin Chuzzlewit 559 Nicholas Nickleby 553–66 Oliver Twist 419, 420–2 Pickwick Papers 148, 420 Dickinson, Emily 37, 48–53, 313 Diodorus Siculus 609 Donne, John 46, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 611 ‘A Nocturnal upon St Lucy’s Day’ 46 Doyle, Arthur Conan 332 The Dream of the Rood 572, 579n. 12 Dryden, John 480, 609, 611, 618 Duffy, Carol Ann 308, 311–23 Rapture 311–23 Earle, John 273, 275, 276 Tulips and Chimneys 95 Eliot, George 81, 201, 417 Middlemarch 201 Eliot, Thomas Stearns 245, 402, 477 Four Quartets 402 The Wasteland 477 Faulkner, William 44, 326, 333, 540, 673 ‘A Rose for Emily’ 540 The Sound and the Fury 326, 333 Sanctuary 673 Fforde, Jasper 330 Shades of Grey 330 Fleming, Ian 146 Casino Royale 146 Flowers for Algernon 334 Ford, John 276 The Broken Heart 276 Forster, Edward Morgan 280, 497 Fowles, John 431 The Magus 431 de France, Marie 600 Lanval 600 Galsworthy, John 25 Geisel, Theodor 212 On Beyond Zebra! 212 Giono, Jean 540 Les Moulins de Pologne 540 Godwin, William 343 Caleb Williams 343 Golding, William 61, 62, 326, 333 The Inheritors 61, 65, 326, 327, 333 Haddon, Mark 327, 336 The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time 327 Hardy, Thomas 130, 326, 417 Harris, Charlaine 671, 673, 674, 675, 679–85 Club Dead 675 Dead to the World 675 Dead until Dark 675, 684 Living Dead in Dallas 675 Haywood, Eliza 343 Letters from a Lady of Quality to a Chevalier 343 Hemingway Ernest 44, 64, 480 ‘Cat in the Rain’ 64 Herbert, George 477, 617 ‘The Altar’ 477 ‘Easter-wings’ 477 Hoban, Russell 339n. 6 Riddley Walker 339n. 6 Hugo, Victor 477 727 Literary Writers and Texts Ibsen, Henrik 656 Ionesco, Eugène 80, 432, 433, 649 La Cantatrice Chauve 649 The Lesson 80, 433 Ishiguro, Kazuo 507, 511–20 Never Let Me Go 507, 511–20 Jacobean literature 278 James, Erika Mitchell 122–35 Fifty Shades of Grey 122–35 James, Henry 44, 326, 339n. 1, 480, 673 ‘The Turn of the Screw’ 480 Johnson, Samuel 276, 277, 618 Jonson, Ben 277, 280, 614, 615, 626, 627 The Alchemist 277 Joyce, James 26, 41, 62, 63, 64, 219, 326, 380, 381, 391–7, 656, 673 ‘The Dead’ 219 Finnegans Wake 80 ‘Two Gallants’ 62, 63 Ulysses 391–7 Kane, Sarah 653 Kelman, Stephen 419, 421–2 Pigeon English 419, 421–2, 425–6, 427–8 Kesey, Ken 327 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest 327 Kingsolver, Barbara 481 The Poisonwood Bible 481 Kinsella, Sophie 672 Kipling, Rudyard 438, 460, 692 Captains Courageous 438 ‘If’ 460 de Laclos, Choderlos 345 Les Liaisons dangereuses 344–7, 348, 349, 353, 354, 355 Lapotaire, Jane 290, 293, 294–5, 296–9, 302–4 Time out of Mind 290, 294–5, 296–9, 302–4 Larkin, Philip 95, 146, 402, 480 ‘Church Going’ 95 ‘Days’ 146 ‘Lines on a Young Lady’s Photograph Album’ 402 ‘Wires’ 480 728 Larsson, Stieg 672 Lawrence, David Herbert 257, 381, 387–91, 396, 397 The Rainbow 387–91 Sons and Lovers 257 Le Guin, Ursula 336–8 The Left Hand of Darkness 336–8 Les Lettres portugaises 343 Lindquist, Ulla-Carin 290, 293, 294–6, 298–300, 301–2, 304, 305, 305n. 6 Rowing without Oars 290, 294–6, 298–300, 301–2, 304, 305, 305n. 6 Lispector, Clarice 219, 227n. 3 ‘The Daydreams of a Drunk Woman’ 219 Llewellyn, David 348–50, 355 Eleven 348–50, 355 Lodge, David 145 Small World 145 Lydgate, John 596, 598, 599 ‘Horns Away’ 596 McCarthy, Michael 444–55 ‘Saxton Churchyard’ 444–55 McCrum, Robert 290, 292, 293, 298, 301, 305n. 6 My Year Off: Rediscovering Life after a Stroke 290, 298, 301, 305n. 6 Malory, Thomas 469, 609 Le Morte Darthur 609 Mamet, David 650 Glengarry Glen Ross 650 Marlowe, Christopher 276, 609, 617, 626 The Jew of Malta 276 Tamburlaine the Great 609 Márquez, Gabriel García 497–504 Chronicle of a Death Foretold 497–504 Martin Luther King 100, 310 Melville, Herman 326 Moby Dick 326 Typee 326 Meyer, Stephenie 125, 643, 671 Twilight Saga, Breaking Dawn 643 Middleton, Thomas 276 The Changeling 276 The Revenger’s Tragedy 276 Miller, Arthur 650 The Crucible 650 Literary Writers and Texts Milton, John 40, 41, 47, 50, 403, 409, 470, 529, 607, 608, 609, 611, 614, 615, 617, 624, 625 Comus 617 Paradise Lost 40, 529, 625 ‘At a Solemn Misick’ 626 Moon, Elizabeth 335 The Speed of Dark 335 Murray, Les 67 ‘Widower in the Country’ 67 Naidu, Sarojini 690 Song of Radha The Milkmaid 690 Nashe, Thomas 620, 622, 623 Okara, Gabriel 68–73 ‘Piano and Drums’ 68–73 Orm 590 Ormulum 590 Orwell, George 480 Otsuka, Julie 537, 541–51 The Buddha in the Attic 537, 543–51 When the Emperor Was Divine 541, 542–3 Overbury, Thomas 273, 276 Palahniuk, Chuck 331 Fight Club 331 Patterson, James 672 Pearl 585–9 Perrin, Alice 690, 692 ‘The Rise of Ram Din’ 690, 692 Picoult, Jodi 672 Pinter, Harold 432, 434, 648, 649, 653 The Dumb Waiter 648 The Homecoming 648 Old Times 434 Plath, Sylvia 256 The Bell Jar 256 Plato 96, 492 The Republic 492 Poe, Edgar Alan 330–1 ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ 330–1 Pope, Alexander 40, 47, 81, 531–2 Of the Characters of Women: an Epistle to a Lady 531–2 Powys, John Cowper 326 Priestley, John Boynton 65 An Inspector Calls 65 Raj Anand, Mulk 690 Rice, Anne 671, 673, 674, 675–85 Interview with the Vampire 675 Queen of the Damned 675 The Tale of the Body Thief 675 The Vampire Lestat 675 Richardson, Samuel 342, 343, 344, 346, 348 Clarissa 342, 343 The History of Sir Charles Grandison 344 Pamela 343 Roy, Arundhati 481, 673, 692–3, 695 The God of Small Things 481, 692–3, 695 Rushdie, Salman 673, 691, 692 Ruskin, John 234 Salinger, Jerome David 12 The Catcher in the Rye 12 Sewell, Anna 332 Black Beauty 332 Shakespeare, William 80, 81, 111–21, 179, 180, 182, 235, 273–83, 309, 391, 393, 396, 477, 607, 611, 612, 613, 617, 618, 627, 641, 642, 643, 647, 650, 651–2, 654, 656, 657–66 Coriolanus 276, 277, 650 Hamlet 190, 278–9, 281, 611, 642, 651, 654 Henry IV 278, 657 Henry V 477, 646, 647, 650, 656, 657–66 Julius Caesar 627 King Lear 15, 273–5, 277, 278, 281, 618, 651 Macbeth 651 The Merry Wives of Windsor 612 Much Ado About Nothing 612 Othello 275, 651, 652 Richard II 650 Richard III 655 Romeo and Juliet 641, 642, 643, 654 ‘Sonnet 73’  111–21 The Tempest 180 The Winter’s Tale 468 Shaw, George Bernard 558 Pygmalion 558 Shelley, Percy Bysshe 40, 47, 480 ‘Ozymandias’ 480 ‘Adonais’ 40 729 Literary Writers and Texts Sheridan, Richard Brinsley 612–13 The Rivals 612–13 Sidney, Philip 615, 616, 617, 618, 622, 626 Arcadia 626 Sir Degrevant 601, 602 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 585, 601, 602 Sir Landevale 600 Skelton, John 609 Smith, Charlotte 344 Desmond 344 Snow, Charles Percy 53 Soul and Body I 572 Spenser, Edmund 607, 614–15, 616–17, 624 The Faerie Queene 614–15, 616–17 Steel, Danielle 672 Steinbeck, John 326 Sterne, Laurence 11 Tristram Shandy 11 Stevens, Wallace 40, 67 ‘Snow Hill’ 40 Stoppard, Tom 433, 434 Professional Foul 433, 434 Stroud, Jonathan 332 The Amulet of Samarkand 332 Swift, Jonathan 329 A Modest Proposal 329 Tennyson, Alfred 254, 255, 460–72 ‘The Lady of Shalott’ 460–72 ‘In Memoriam’ 254 730 Theophrastus 275 Thomas, Dylan 40, 41, 46 de Troyes, Chrétien 469 Turgenev, Ivan 25 Twain, Mark 12, 330 Huckleberry Finn 12, 330 Virgil 607, 624 The Vision of St Paul 572 Vonnegut, Kurt 480 Wells, Herbert George 331 ‘The Country of the Blind’ 331 Whitman, Walt 41, 54n. 3, 534–5 Leaves of Grass 54n. 3, 534–5 Wilde, Oscar 328, 480 The Picture of Dorian Gray 328 Woolf, Virginia 25–35, 208, 227n. 3, 356–79, 381, 382–6, 387, 389, 391, 397, 563 Between the Acts 26–8 ‘The Captain’s Death Bed’ 25 Mrs Dalloway 25–7, 30, 31, 32, 33–4 Jacob’s Room 28–30 To the Lighthouse 356–79, 382–7, 397n. 2 ‘Modern Fiction’ 382, 386 ‘More Dostoevsky’ 25 The Years 31–2 Wyatt, Thomas 400, 408–13 ‘Help Me to Seke’ 400, 408–12 ‘They Flee from Me’ 412–13 ... the phatic and the metalingual – each of which corresponds to one of the other ‘constitutive factors’ (Jakobson 1996[1960]: 12) in a speech event: the addresser, the context, the addressee, the. .. one of them, the primary concern of an aesthetic theory of narrative is the cognitive processes that make understanding possible For the other, an aesthetic theory proper should account for the. .. of the textual construction In other words, what is of value is not the extraordinariness of the image itself or the events of the story and how they may be naturalized by the reader, but the