Power electronics circuits, devices applications

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Power electronics  circuits, devices  applications

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Power electronics circuits, devices applications.Electrical Engineering.This book is dedicated to my dear wife Ilse who with great patience encouraged me to persevere with the completion of this work.

‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫(‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫(‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫(~~‪~~~11~(1110115 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪81~~1(0111~5, 1‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~01100~10( 1)~~1~~5, 3‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0111(01 ~113((1~1~(1511~5 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1)~~1~~5, 8‬‬ ‫(~~‪1~~~5 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪81~~1(0111~ 0(~0115,‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫(~~‪1)~51~11 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪81~~1(0111~5 8().01~111~111, 12‬‬ ‫‪~~(1~11~(31 811~~15, 13‬‬ ‫‪5 0111111(1(~, 13‬‬ ‫‪~~1~(~11~~5, 14‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~~ 00~5110115, 14‬‬ ‫‪1-1‬‬ ‫‪1-2‬‬ ‫‪1-3‬‬ ‫‪1-4‬‬ ‫‪1-5‬‬ ‫‪1-6‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪101(0011~1100, 15‬‬ ‫‪0100~5 ~1111~~ (100 ~1., 1.0(105, 15‬‬ ‫‪0100~5 ~11111.,~ (100 ~1.,~ 1.0(105, 18‬‬ ‫‪~(~~~11~~110~ 0100~5, 23‬‬ ‫‪~~~0~~()1 011((11111~0 ~0~(~)1 ~1111(1 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-.,11(15~ 1-1(111-~(1~~ ~~~1111~(5,‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪.,~(10((0(10~~ ,(1((1(0~1~(5, 29‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-.,11(15~ ~1111-~(1~~ ~~~1111~(5,‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪~111111111(15~51(1( ~~~1111~(5, 38‬‬ ‫‪111(~~-.,11(15~ 13(10~~ ~~~1111~(5,‬‬ ‫‪~~~1111~( 0(~1111 0~51~0,‬‬ ‫‪44‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪~11~~15 01 5011(~~ (100 1.0(10 10011~1(10~~5, 49‬‬ ‫‪511(0(0(1()1, 50‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪~~1~(~0~~5,‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~~ 011~511005,‬‬ ‫‪.,(001~(05,‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪101(0011~1100, 56‬‬ ‫‪~(1111((11 ~0(0(0111(11100,‬‬ ‫‪~0(0(0111(11100,‬‬ ‫‪~0(~~0‬‬ ‫‪3-3.1 5~11-~0(0(0111(11100,‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬ ‫‪3-3.2 1(0111115~ ~0(0(0111(11100, 60‬‬ ‫‪3-3.3 ~~500(101 ,1115~ ~0(0(0111(11100, 64‬‬ ‫‪3-3.4 ~0(0111~(0~01(1()1 ~0(0(0111(11100, 67‬‬ ‫‪3-3.5 ~)(1~(0(11 ,1115~ ~0(0(0111(11100, 69‬‬ ‫‪3-3.6 1.0(10-510~ ~0(0(0111(11100, 69‬‬ ‫‪3-3.7 1.10~-510~ ~0(0(0111(11100, 69‬‬ ‫‪~0(0(0111(11100 0(~1111 0~51~0, 71‬‬ ‫‪~0(0(0111(11100 ~(111(1~110(5, 74‬‬ ‫‪511(0(0(1()1, 74‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪~~~~, ~~ 3‬‬ ‫‪3-1‬‬ ‫‪3-2‬‬ ‫‪3-3‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪2-1‬‬ ‫‪2-2‬‬ ‫‪2-3‬‬ ‫‪2-4‬‬ ‫‪2-5‬‬ ‫‪2-6‬‬ ‫‪2-7‬‬ ‫‪2-8‬‬ ‫‪2-9‬‬ ‫‪2-10‬‬ ‫‪2-11‬‬ ‫‪2-12‬‬ ‫‪011~((11100,‬‬ ‫‪~~1~(~0~~5,‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~~ 011~511005,‬‬ ‫‪.,(001~(05,‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫(~‪~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪101(0011~1100, 77‬‬ ‫‪.,(10~1111~ 01 ,11(15~-~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪510~1~- ,11(15~ 5~(01~00~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-.,11(15~ ~1111 ~00~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬ ‫‪3-4‬‬ ‫‪3-5‬‬ ‫‪510~1~- ,11(15~ 011(11 ~00~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪4-1‬‬ ‫‪/4-2‬‬ ‫‪~4-3‬‬ ‫‪~-4‬‬ ‫‪4-5‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪95‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5 ~0(1~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪1-1(11~-~(1~~ ~0(1~~ 1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~0(1~~ 1~(5, 99‬‬ ‫‪~011 ~0(1~~ 1~ 5, 101‬‬ ‫‪00(11 ~0(1~~ 1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪105‬‬ ‫‪1111~ 0~~111~(115,‬‬ ‫‪107‬‬ ‫~‪51(1~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫~‪111 ~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫~‪111 ~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫~‪111 ~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪8)(11(1~110(1 ~(1~1~ ~0(11 01, 108‬‬ ‫‪5)1111111~1 1~(11‬‬ ‫‪~11~1~ ~0(11 01, 110‬‬ ‫‪~015~- ~10111- ~0001(1110(1 ~0(11 01, 112‬‬ ‫‪51(105010(11 ~015~- ~10111 ~0001(1110(1,‬‬ ‫‪114‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~0(1~~ 1~( ~0115, 115‬‬ ‫‪4-11.1‬‬ ‫‪4-11.2‬‬ ‫‪4-11.3‬‬ ‫‪4-11.4‬‬ ‫‪0~51~(1‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫(‪~(1~10‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1(100~1(1(1~~5, 117‬‬ ‫~~‪8~~~~15 0~ 1.0(10 (1(10 500 ‬‬ ‫‪4-6‬‬ ‫‪4-7‬‬ ‫‪4-8‬‬ ‫‪4-9‬‬ ‫‪4-10‬‬ ‫‪4-11‬‬ ‫‪4-12‬‬ ‫‪4-13‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪51101111(1()1,‬‬ ‫‪119‬‬ ‫‪~~~~ ~(1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪119‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪00~5110115,‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪121‬‬ ‫‪124‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~1‬‬ ‫‪~ 0~1~1115,‬‬ ‫‪1(11(000~110(1,‬‬ ‫‪51(1~1~-~11(15~ ~~ 5~11~11~5, 125‬‬ ‫‪111 ~~-~11(15~ ~~ 5~11~11~5, 127‬‬ ‫‪111 ~~-~11(15~ ~~~~ 51(1~ 5~11~11~5, 127‬‬ ‫‪130‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~ 5~11~11~5 ~0 1305 1((1(15~~(,‬‬ ‫‪0~ 5~11~11~5, 130‬‬ ‫‪50110-51(11~ ~~1(1)15, 132‬‬ ‫‪0~51~(1 0~ 51(111~ 5~11~11~5, 133‬‬ ‫‪/5-1‬‬ ‫‪5-2‬‬ ‫‪5-3‬‬ ‫‪5-4‬‬ ‫‪5-5‬‬ ‫‪/5-6‬‬ ‫‪5-7‬‬ ‫‪5-8‬‬ ‫‪50111111(1 )1, 134‬‬ ‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪~~~~(~11~~5,‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~~ 00~5110(15,‬‬ ‫‪~ 0~1~1115, 135‬‬ ‫‪1111 000~110(1, 137‬‬ ‫‪138‬‬ ‫‪~0(11 01,‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪142‬‬ ‫‪1.0(105,‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 ~~51511‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬ ‫‪1.0(105,‬‬ ‫‪148‬‬ ‫‪157‬‬ ‫‪~0(11 011~ 5,‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~11(15~ ~0(11 01,‬‬ ‫~‪~ 1(1~1~1‬‬ ‫‪13101(~~11011(11‬‬ ‫~‪51(1~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(011~ 5‬‬ ‫~‪51(1~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫~~‪~11111(100~11‬‬ ‫‪154‬‬ ‫‪161‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(011~ 5‬‬ ‫~~‪~ 111~1~1~ 0~ 0(1-0‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(011~(5,‬‬ ‫‪~0(11 011~ 5,‬‬ ‫~~‪~11(15~ 1-1(11~-~(1‬‬ ‫~~‪111 ‬‬ ‫~~‪~011-~(1‬‬ ‫~‪111 ~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪0~11(1-~0(111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪13101(~~110(1(11‬‬ ‫~‪111 ~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫~‪1(1‬‬ ‫‪1((1(15~0(111~ ‬‬ ‫~‪51(1~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪~11(1(1~~ 5,‬‬ ‫‪166‬‬ ‫‪~)1~10~0(1~~ 1~ 5,‬‬ ‫‪6-1‬‬ ‫‪6-2‬‬ ‫‪6-3‬‬ ‫‪6-4‬‬ ‫‪,/6-5‬‬ ‫‪6-6‬‬ ‫‪6-7‬‬ ‫‪6-8‬‬ ‫‪6-9‬‬ ‫‪6-10‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪6-11‬‬ ‫‪6-12‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫‪6-10.1 510~1~-~1138~ ~)1~10~00~~(1~(8, 166‬‬ ‫‪6-10 111(~~- ~1138~ ~)1~10~00~~(1~(8, 168‬‬ ‫‪6-10.3 ~~011~1100 01 0111~1111-13((0001~8, 169‬‬ ‫‪1)~81~0 01 ~~ ~ 0113~~-~001(011~( ~1(~11118,172‬‬ ‫‪~11~~18 01 5011(~~ 300 1-030 10011~130~~8, 175‬‬ ‫‪511(0(03()1, 176‬‬ ‫‪~~1~(~0~~8, 176‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~~ 011~811008, 176‬‬ ‫‪~(001~(08, 177‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪101(0011~1100, 180‬‬ ‫‪~(10~1~1~ 01 51~~-1)0~0 0~~(31100, 180‬‬ ‫‪51~~-1)0~0 ~110~~~(8 ~1111~1 1-030, 183‬‬ ‫‪~(10~1~1~ 01 51~~-1)~ 0~~(31100, 186‬‬ ‫‪~~(10((030~~ ~3(3(0~1~(8, 189‬‬ ‫‪5~11~1110~-~00~ ~~~111310(8, 189‬‬ ‫‪7-6.1 1311~~~~~111310(8, 190‬‬ ‫‪7-6.2 130081 ~~~111310(8, 193‬‬ ‫‪7-6.3 1311~~-130081 ~~~111310(8, 196‬‬ ‫‪7-6.4 ~11~ ~~~111310(8, 199‬‬ ‫‪7-6.5 1-1(01131100801 510~1~-513~~ ~00~~(8100, 204‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1810( ~110~~~( 0(~11118, 204‬‬ ‫‪7-7.1 1(0~1118~-~0(0(011131~0 ~110~~~(8, 205‬‬ ‫‪7-7.2 ~11~~18_015011(~~ 300 1-030 10011~130~~, 210‬‬ ‫‪7-7.3 1(0~1118~-~0(0(011131~0 111(~~-111)1(1810( ~110~~~(8, 210‬‬ ‫‪7-7.4 ~~800301 ~1118~~110~~~(8, 212‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~( ~1(~11111)~81~0, 215‬‬ ‫‪~3~0~11~ ~00810~(311008, 221‬‬ ‫‪7-1‬‬ ‫‪7-2‬‬ ‫‪7-3‬‬ ‫‪7-4‬‬ ‫‪7-5‬‬ ‫‪7-6‬‬ ‫‪221‬‬ ‫‪221‬‬ ‫‪222‬‬ ‫‪7-7‬‬ ‫‪7-8‬‬ ‫‪7-9‬‬ ‫‪511(0(03()1,‬‬ ‫‪~~1~(~0~~8,‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~~ 011~811008,‬‬ ‫‪~(001~(08,‬‬ ‫‪223‬‬ ‫‪101(0011~1100, 226‬‬ ‫‪~(10~1~1~ 01 0~~(31100, 227‬‬ ‫‪~~(10((030~~ ~3(3(0~1~(8, 228‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-~1138~ 13(10~~ 10~~(1~(8, 230‬‬ ‫‪111(~~-~1138~ 10~~(1~(8, 233‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ ~001(01 01 510~1~-~1138~ 10~~(1~(8, 239‬‬ ‫‪8-6.1 510~1~-~1118~-~10111 ~0011131100, 240‬‬ ‫‪8-1‬‬ ‫‪8-2‬‬ ‫‪8-3‬‬ ‫‪8-4‬‬ ‫‪8-5‬‬ ‫‪8-6‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪8-6.2‬‬ ‫‪245‬‬ ‫‪~11111~1~-111115~-~10111‬‬ ‫‪~00111(11100, 241‬‬ ‫‪8-6.3 510115010(11111115~-~10111 ~00111(11100, 243‬‬ ‫‪8-6.4 ~00111~0 510115010(11111115~-~10111 ~00111(11100,‬‬ ‫‪8-6.5 1111(15~-015~1(1~~111~01 ~001(01,‬‬ ‫‪246‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ ~001(01 01111(~~-1111(15~ 10~~(1~(5, 247‬‬ ‫‪1-1(1(111001~~~011~11005, 248‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5 ~~500(10110~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪251‬‬ ‫‪8-7‬‬ ‫‪8-8‬‬ ‫‪8-9‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫‪8-9.1 5~(1~5 ~~500(10110~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~1111 00101(~~1100(11 5~11~11~5, 252‬‬ ‫‪8-9.2 5~(1~5 ~~500(101111~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~111113101(~~1100(11 5~11~11~5, 259‬‬ ‫‪~0(~~0-~0111111111(11~0 111)1(1510( 10~~(1~(5, 264‬‬ ‫‪266‬‬ ‫‪8-10‬‬ ‫‪8-10.1 ~11,.111(1()1-~0111111111(11~010~~(1~(5, 265‬‬ ‫‪8-10.2 ~0111~1~111~111(1()1-~0111111111(11~010~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫~~(‪~11((~01-5011‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(5, 273‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪8-11‬‬ ‫‪8-12‬‬ ‫‪8-13‬‬ ‫‪8-14‬‬ ‫‪~ (1(1(101~ 0~ 1.,10~ 10~~(1~(, 276‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~( 0(~1111 0~51~0, 276‬‬ ‫‪279‬‬ ‫‪~00510~((111005,‬‬ ‫‪279‬‬ ‫‪279‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬ ‫~‪~(1~0~11‬‬ ‫‪511111111(1()1,‬‬ ‫‪~~1~(~11~~5,‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~~ 011~511005,‬‬ ‫‪~(001~1115, 281‬‬ ‫‪1111(0011~11011,284‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~0~~( 511~~11~5,285‬‬ ‫‪9-2.1 5~11~11~0-~00~ 0~ 110~~( 511~~11~5,285‬‬ ‫‪9-2.2 ~~5011(11110~ ~0~~( 511~~11~5,288‬‬ ‫‪9-2.3 13101(~~11011(11‬‬ ‫‪~0~~( 511~~11~5,289‬‬ ‫‪~~ ~0~~( 511~~11~5,290‬‬ ‫‪9-3.1 5~11~11~0-~00~ ~~ 110~~( 511~~11~5,290‬‬ ‫‪9-3.2 ~~5011(101 ~~ ~0~~( 511~~11~5,291‬‬ ‫‪9-3.3 13101(~~1100(11~~ 110~~( 511~~11~5,291‬‬ ‫‪~1111151(1~~~011~~(510115, 292‬‬ ‫‪~(1~0~11~ ~011510~((1110115,293‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪9-1‬‬ ‫‪9-2‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪9-3‬‬ ‫‪9-4‬‬ ‫‪9-5‬‬ ‫‪511111111(1()1,‬‬ ‫‪~~1~(~0~~5,‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~~ 011~5110115, 294‬‬ ‫‪11(001~1115, 295‬‬ ‫‪296‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5, 301‬‬ ‫‪()~ ()~~~~5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪1111(0011~1100,296‬‬ ‫‪13(151~~11(1((1~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ ~010(5, 297‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-1111(15‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5, 300‬‬ ‫(~‪/ 10-3.1 510~1~-1111(15~1-1(111-~(1~~~00~~(1‬‬ ‫~~~~‪4‬‬ ‫‪10-1‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫‪10-3.2 $111~1~-~1138~ $~1111~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 302‬‬ ‫‪10-3.3 $111~1~-~1138~ ~1.111-~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 303‬‬ ‫(~‪10-3.4 $111~1~-~1138~ 01.131-~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8, 304‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬ ‫‪111(~~-~1138~ 0(1~~8, 307‬‬ ‫‪~10-4.1‬‬ ‫‪111(~~-~1138~ 1-1311-~3~~ ~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 308‬‬ ‫‪10-4.2 111(~~-~1138~ $~1111~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 308‬‬ ‫‪10-4.3 111(~~-~1138~ ~1.111-~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 308‬‬ ‫‪10-4.4 111(~~-~1138~ 01.131-~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 309‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~( 0(1~~8, 313‬‬ ‫(~~‪10-5.1 ~(111~1~1~ 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 313‬‬ ‫‪10-5.2 ~(111~1~1~ 01 ~~~~11~(311~~ )3(3~~ ~0111(01, 315‬‬ ‫‪10-5.3 ~(111~1~1~ 01 ~11~081311~ )3(3~~ ~0111(01, 317‬‬ ‫~~‪10-5.4 ~(111~1~1~ 01 ~01110111~0 ~~~~11~(311~~ 3110 ~11~081311~ )3(3‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 319‬‬ ‫‪10-5.5 1~0/~01.1(-01.130(3111 ~110~~~( 0(1~~8, 319‬‬ ‫‪10-5.6 ~1.1111~1138~~110~~~(8, 321‬‬ ‫‪008~0-1.,00~ ~0111(01 01 0~ 0(1~~8, 323‬‬ ‫‪332‬‬ ‫‪0~~11-1.,00~ 1(31181~( ~1.111~11011,324‬‬ ‫~‪008~0-1.,00‬‬ ‫‪1(31181~( ~1.111~11011,328‬‬ ‫~‪~1138~-1.,0~~~0-1.,00‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 330‬‬ ‫‪~1~(0~0111~1.11~( ~0111(01 01 0~ 0(1~~8,‬‬ ‫‪333‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪10-6.1‬‬ ‫‪10-6.2‬‬ ‫‪10-6.3‬‬ ‫‪10-6.4‬‬ ‫‪$1.11111113()1,‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~1~(~11~~8, 333‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~~ 01.1~8110118, 334‬‬ ‫‪~(001~1118, 335‬‬ ‫‪339‬‬ ‫‪~~ ()~~~~5‬‬ ‫‪1111(001.1~11011, 339‬‬ ‫(‪11101.1~11011~010‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8, 340‬‬ ‫‪11-2.1 ~~(10(111311~~ ~113(3~1~(1811~8, 341‬‬ ‫‪11-2.2 $1310( ~0113~~ ~0111(01, 347‬‬ ‫‪11-2.3 ~010( ~0113~~ ~0111(01, 349‬‬ ‫‪11-2.4 ~(~()1.1~11~)1 ~0111(01, 356‬‬ ‫‪11-2.5 ~0113~~ 3110 ~(~()1.1~11~)1 ~0111(01, 358‬‬ ‫‪11-2.6 ~1.1((~111 ~0111(01, 361‬‬ ‫‪11-2.7 ~0113~~, ~1.1((~111, 3110 ~(~()1.1~11~)1 ~0111(01, 364‬‬ ‫~‪11-2.8 008~0-1.,00‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 0111101.1~11011 ~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪365‬‬ ‫(‪$)111~11(01101.18~010‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8, 369‬‬ ‫‪11-3.1 ~)111110(1~31 ~010( ~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪370‬‬ ‫‪11-3.2 $311~111-~01~ ~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪373‬‬ ‫‪11-3.3 ~~11.1~1311~~ ~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪374‬‬ ‫‪11-3.4 ~~(111311~111-~3~11~1 ~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪375‬‬ ‫~‪11-3.5 008~0-1.,00‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 01 $)111~11(01101.18~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪376‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫~~‪~ ~~,.‬‬ ‫‪11-1‬‬ ‫‪11-2‬‬ ‫‪11-3‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫~~‪= ‬‬ ‫~‪~~1~ ~0 0~ ~~15~5 ~~ ~81~-~)(~1‬‬ ‫~~~‪~~ 1~ ~00~ 18~ 10,, 1,,0~)( = ‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ~=1 ~5‬‬ ‫)~(‪~~1~ ~~~~~1,, 0~9 ~~5 = ~~~~~0‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(.‬‬ ‫‪381‬‬ ‫‪382‬‬ ‫‪384‬‬ ‫‪386‬‬ ‫‪387‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~.‬‬ ‫‪388‬‬ ‫)‪11=8(1)/5~~(2‬‬ ‫=~‪~~ 1~ ~~5 ~~,,08/11~,,~81 1,,~~~ ~~ ~,,~ 85 ~ 0~ 0~ 1080 ~~ ~,,‬‬ ‫‪5(.1~=0‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=1 0‬‬ ‫‪5(.1~=5(.1~+8(~).8(~)/2‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(.‬‬ ‫)~‪15=5~~(5(.1‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~ ~~5 1,,~~~ ~~ ~,,~ 85 ~ 0~ 0~ 1080 ~~ ~,,~ = 15.100‬‬ ‫‪~~=11/15‬‬ ‫‪0~=1‬‬ ‫~‪~~ 1~ 015~ 18~~,,~ ~8~~0 = 0‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~~1~ ~0~~ ~8~~0 = ‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪390‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪405‬‬ ‫‪410‬‬ ‫‪420‬‬ ‫‪430‬‬ ‫‪440‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪460‬‬ ‫‪463‬‬ ‫‪465‬‬ ‫‪470‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪= ~0~ 100‬‬ ‫‪ 11 100‬‬ ‫~‪~01 ~89‬‬ ‫~~~‪1,,‬‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫~‪1,, ~ 0‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~89‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪ ~~~ 89‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪~~06-3‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫~‪~~~ 501~~10,, ~0 ~)(8~1‬‬ ‫‪6-4‬‬ ‫‪1~~(.1 0~~~ ~ ~~6~~ 1~ 0~6~~~5 , ~~~ 1‬‬ ‫‪~~~=~~~1.3.1415927*/180‬‬ ‫‪1,.,,~(.1 ,.,,~(.1 ~0~ ~6~ , ~5‬‬ ‫~ ‪1,.,,~(.1 ,.,,~(.1 ~~~~(.1~,.,,~~ ,‬‬ ‫~ ‪1,.,,~(.1 ~0~0 ~~51.~,.,,~~ ,‬‬ ‫~~~~ ‪1~~0 ~0~0 1~00~.‬‬ ‫~ ‪1~ /11~ ,‬‬ ‫)‪~1=4.~.,.,,(11‬‬ ‫~‪~=2.~1.‬‬ ‫‪)(~=~.~ 001‬‬ ‫~() ‪ ,‬‬ ‫~~‪~~1~ 1~~~0~,.,,~~ 0~ ~0~0 1~00~.~,.,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)~‪~~=~.~()(~/‬‬ ‫‪~~1=180.~~/~1‬‬ ‫‪~~1,.,, ~0~0 ~,.,,6~~ = , ~~1‬‬ ‫‪0~~6=.25‬‬ ‫‪06=0~~6.~1/180‬‬ ‫‪8~.1=~/-/‬‬ ‫‪~=1‬‬ ‫)‪~1=(~/)(~).(~~~-8~.1‬‬ ‫)‪~2=~)(~(~1‬‬ ‫)~~‪~)(=51,.,,(~~~-‬‬ ‫()~‪~3=~2.‬‬ ‫)~~‪~4=51~(8~.1-‬‬ ‫‪,.,,=~+1‬‬ ‫‪1~ ,.,,=1000 ~~,.,, 360‬‬ ‫))‪~~=~85(~65(~3)-~85(~4‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~~(.001‬‬ ‫‪.~~,.,, 360‬‬ ‫‪8~.1=8~.1+06‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪105‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪130‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪152‬‬ ‫‪170‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪190‬‬ ‫‪195‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪210‬‬ ‫‪215‬‬ ‫‪217‬‬ ‫‪220‬‬ ‫‪222‬‬ ‫‪230‬‬ ‫‪570‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫~(~‪245 1~ ~4(0 ‬‬ ‫‪~4=0‬‬ ‫‪250 00.0 180‬‬ ‫‪360 8(.=180*8(.1/~1‬‬ ‫~‪365 ~~(~ ()(.(~0(0‬‬ ‫‪~~(3( ( = , 8(.‬‬ ‫‪380 1=0‬‬ ‫‪384 0(( =(8(.1-~( ~)/180‬‬ ‫‪390 5(.)~=0‬‬ ‫‪400 5(.)~~=0‬‬ ‫‪402 ( =( *.001‬‬ ‫‪410 ~.=~( ~+0(( *.1‬‬ ‫~‪420 =~./‬‬ ‫~‪430 )(=-.+~( ~/‬‬ ‫‪440 )(=)(*~/( ‬‬ ‫)()(~()(=‪450 )(1‬‬ ‫)~~‪460 )(2=5(~(~( ~-‬‬ ‫‪470 )(3=)(2*)(1‬‬ ‫)~~‪480 )(4=5(~(~.-‬‬ ‫‪490 )(5=)(4-)(3‬‬ ‫‪495 (~ )(5(0 ~(~ )(5=0‬‬ ‫‪500 )()(=)(5*)(5‬‬ ‫‪510 ~~=)(5‬‬ ‫()()‪540 5(.)~=5(.)~+‬‬ ‫~~‪550 5(.)~~=5(.)~~+‬‬ ‫‪555 1=.1+1‬‬ ‫‪560 1~ ~.)8(.1‬‬ ‫~(~‪.‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪570 (~ ~.=8(.1‬‬ ‫‪.~(~ 800‬‬ ‫‪580 00.0 410‬‬ ‫(~‪800 5(.)~=5(.)~*0(( /‬‬ ‫(~‪810 5(.)~~=5(.)~~*0(( /‬‬ ‫)‪811 5(.)~~=5(.)~~/50~(2‬‬ ‫‪820 ~1=~*~+)(( *)(( ‬‬ ‫)‪830 ~1=5~~(~1‬‬ ‫)~)‪840 (~=(~5/~1)*5~~(5(.‬‬ ‫~~)‪850 (0=(~5/~1)*5(.‬‬ ‫‪ , (0‬‬ ‫‪ , ( ~, (0‬‬ ‫=~( ‪860 ~~ (~ ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪870 )(=8(.1-~( ~+.5*5(~(2*~( ~)-.5*5(~(2*8(.1‬‬ ‫)‪880 ~0=~5*5~~()(//~1‬‬ ‫‪ ,‬‬ ‫= (‪890 ~~(~ ~~5 0,-=-0(.).~(.) ~0( ~(3‬‬ ‫~*~(*~(*‪900 ~=2‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫~(~~ ‪905 ~~ (~ 0(.).~(.),.‬‬ ‫~ ‪= ,‬‬ ‫))‪910 ~~=~/(~5*(~*5~~(2‬‬ ‫~~ ‪ ,‬‬ ‫= ~‪920 ~~1~, ~~~~ ,-=-~00‬‬ ‫‪930 (~0‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫**********‬ ‫‪** *.-*** ~~(3-4‬‬ ‫‪~( 5‬‬ ‫~‪~~(~ ()(8~1‬‬ ‫‪6-7 ‬‬ ‫‪(~~(.), (~~(.), ( (~~ ~0( ~(3~ , ~5‬‬ ‫~ ‪ ,‬‬ ‫(~~~‪(~~(.) ( 0~0 ~(5(5.‬‬ ‫‪~(~ ~~~5( 1‬‬ ‫‪(~~(.), 0(( ~~ ~~(3( ( (~ 0((3~((5 , ~( ~1‬‬ ‫‪571‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪ ,‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫)‪70 )(=4*~.~(1.0‬‬ ‫‪80 ~~~=~~~1*)(/180‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫~‪1~=5~~(2)*~5/‬‬ ‫‪91 ~)(=)(-~~~+51~(2*~~~)/2‬‬ ‫)()‪92 ~0=~5*5~~(~)(/‬‬ ‫‪93 ~~1~ 00.~0.‬‬ ‫)‪~0~ ~()~ ~~~ ~~ (6-35‬‬ ‫‪100 ~5=360‬‬ ‫‪110 0~~=)(/~5‬‬ ‫‪120 50~=0‬‬ ‫‪122 50~=0‬‬ ‫‪124 50(=0‬‬ ‫‪130 )=0‬‬ ‫~~~=‪138 1‬‬ ‫‪139 1~ 1))(/3‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1=)(/3‬‬ ‫‪.~~~ 1=)(/3‬‬ ‫)‪140 ~=0~~*.‬‬ ‫‪150 1~=0‬‬ ‫)‪155 1(=1~*51~(~-4*)(/3‬‬ ‫‪156 1~ ~~~)2*)(/3‬‬ ‫)~~~‪~~0 ~(()(-‬‬ ‫‪.~~~ 1(=0‬‬ ‫(‪158 ~~=1~-1‬‬ ‫~~*~~‪160 50~=50~+‬‬ ‫~‪162 50~=50~+1~*1‬‬ ‫(‪164 50(=50(+1(*1‬‬ ‫‪170 )= 1+1‬‬ ‫‪180 1~ ~).1 0~ ~=.1 ~~~ 300‬‬ ‫‪200 ()0.0 140‬‬ ‫‪300 2=)(/3‬‬ ‫)‪320 ~=0~~*.‬‬ ‫)~(~‪322 1~=1~*51‬‬ ‫)‪324 1(=1~*51~(~-4*)(/3‬‬ ‫(‪330 ~~=1~-1‬‬ ‫~~*~~‪340 50~=50~+‬‬ ‫~‪342 50~=50~+1~*1‬‬ ‫(‪344 50(=50(+1(*1‬‬ ‫‪350 )= 1+1‬‬ ‫~~~‪360 1~ ~).2 0~ ~=.2 ‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪370 ()0.0 320‬‬ ‫‪400 3=~~~+)(/3‬‬ ‫)‪405 ~=0~~*.‬‬ ‫)~(~‪410 1~=1~*51‬‬ ‫‪411 1~ ~~~))(/3‬‬ ‫~~~‪~~0 ~(~~~ ‬‬ ‫‪1~=0‬‬ ‫‪412 ((=0‬‬ ‫(‪416 ~~=1~-1‬‬ ‫~~*~~‪420 50~=50~+‬‬ ‫~‪422 50~=50~+1~*1‬‬ ‫((*(‪424 50(=50(+1‬‬ ‫‪430 )= 1+1‬‬ ‫~~~‪440 (~ ~).3 0~ ~=.3 ‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫~~~‪450 (~ ~))( 0~ ~=)( ‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪460 00.0 405‬‬ ‫()=‪500 4‬‬ ‫)‪510 ~=0~~*.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪572‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪ 1= 1+1‬‬ ‫‪540‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~)14 0~ ~=14 1~~~ 600‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~)~ 0~ ~=~ 1~~~ 600‬‬ ‫‪6010 510‬‬ ‫‪~~1~1 ~ 0~ 5~~~~~5 = , 1‬‬ ‫)‪1~=50~(50~/ 1‬‬ ‫~‪ , 1‬‬ ‫= ~ ~‪~~1~1 ~~5 ~~~0~ 0~ ~~~5‬‬ ‫)‪1(=50~(50(/ 1‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫(‪ , 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪~~1~1 ~~5 (0~~~~1 0~ ~~~5‬‬ ‫)‪1~=50~(50~/ 1‬‬ ‫~‪ , 1‬‬ ‫= ~ ‪~~ 1~1 ~~5 ~~~0~ 0~ ~ 1~~ (0~~~~1‬‬ ‫~*~‪~0=1‬‬ ‫= ~‪~~1~1 ~~5 ~~~0~~ 0~ 001~01 ~~~5~ ~0~1~6‬‬ ‫‪~=1~*1~*~*3‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~ 1~1 001~01 ~0~~~ ‬‬ ‫~‪~~=3*~5*1‬‬ ‫~~ ‪ ,‬‬ ‫= ~~~‪~~ 1~1 ~0~1-‬‬ ‫~~‪~~=~/‬‬ ‫~~ ‪ ,‬‬ ‫= ~‪~~1~1 ~~~~ ~~(10‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫‪560‬‬ ‫‪570‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪620‬‬ ‫‪625‬‬ ‫‪630‬‬ ‫‪635‬‬ ‫‪640‬‬ ‫‪645‬‬ ‫‪648‬‬ ‫‪649‬‬ ‫‪650‬‬ ‫‪660‬‬ ‫‪670‬‬ ‫‪680‬‬ ‫‪690‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫)~(~‪1~=1~*51‬‬ ‫)‪1(=1~*51~(~-4*~/3‬‬ ‫(‪~~=1~-1‬‬ ‫~~*~~‪50~=50~+‬‬ ‫~‪50~=50~+1~*1‬‬ ‫(‪50(=50(+1(*1‬‬ ‫‪512‬‬ ‫‪514‬‬ ‫‪520‬‬ ‫‪530‬‬ ‫‪532‬‬ ‫‪534‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪ ,‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪573‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫**********‬ ‫‪********* ~~06-5‬‬ ‫‪5 (~5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~~~ ~~6-5 ‬‬ ‫‪30 01~ ~~~~~(20),‬‬ ‫‪~~~~0(20),‬‬ ‫‪8~(100),‬‬ ‫‪~~(100),‬‬ ‫)‪~(100‬‬ ‫~‪40 ~~~ 0~1~0~~ ~~~ ~~6~~ (~~(0~~110‬‬ ‫‪1 ‬‬ ‫‪50 ~~1~1 ~0 0~ ()~1585 ()8 081~ ~~~18‬‬ ‫~~ ‪60 1~~01‬‬ ‫‪1 ‬‬ ‫‪70 ~~ 1~1 ~00~ 18~ 100 10(8)( 1855 ~080 1‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪80 1~~01‬‬ ‫‪,1- 800 ~0 ~0 ,2‬‬‫‪82 ~~1~1 ~15~ 0~ ~0~ 18 ~08~~1~180~51‬‬ ‫‪~0 ~~5‬‬ ‫(~ ‪83 1~~01‬‬ ‫‪100,.‬‬ ‫‪84 ~~ 1~1 ~ 19085~ 0851 80 08 /0001 ~ ~()(111)0080~ 1855 ~080‬‬ ‫~~ ‪85 1~~01‬‬ ‫‪87 (~5‬‬ ‫)‪90 ~1=41 *~1~(11‬‬ ‫‪97 ~~1~1 1987 (0()~ 190~ 0~ ~.~ ~85010 ‬‬ ‫‪98 ~~1~1 ~19 8-11 10 ,8 ~8 ~1~0 ~01~0 01 ~~~ ‬‬ ‫~~~*)~~‪100 0~~1~=(~1/‬‬ ‫‪105 0~~1~0=0~~1~*180/~1‬‬ ‫‪110 (~~1~=(~1/~~)/2‬‬ ‫‪120 ~~~~~(1)=(~~1~-0~~1~/2‬‬ ‫‪130 ~~~~0(1)=~~~~~(1)*180/~1‬‬ ‫~~ ‪170 ~0~ ~=2 10‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫)‪180 ~~~~~(~)=~~~~~(1)+(~1/~~)*(~-1‬‬ ‫(~‪190 ~~~~0(~)=~~~~~(~)*180/‬‬ ‫~ ‪210 ~~)(1‬‬ ‫‪220 ~5=1‬‬ ‫~~ ‪225 ~0~ ~=1 10‬‬ ‫‪230 ~=0‬‬ ‫‪234 8=0‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(1‬‬ ‫(‪~~ 1~, ~0 0‬‬ ‫‪275‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=1 10‬‬ ‫~‪~=51~(~*(~~~~~(~)+0~~1~/2))+‬‬ ‫‪8=~05(~*(~~~~~(~)+0~~1~/2))+8‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(1‬‬ ‫~*))‪~~(~)=((4*~5/(~*~1))*51~(~*0~~1~/2‬‬ ‫‪8~(~)=((4*~5/(~*~1))*51~(~*0~~1~/2))*8‬‬ ‫)‪~(~)=5~~(~~(~)*~~(~)+8~(~)*8~(~))/5~~(2‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~~=1 1~~~ ~~1~1 ~~~(~~~) ~ ~~~(~),‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪253‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪265‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪272‬‬ ‫‪273‬‬ ‫‪= ~8~(~),‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫)~(~~ =‬ ‫)~~~(~~‬ ‫)~~~(~‪~8‬‬ ‫~~‪~~ 1585 ~8~ ~81 (-~~~ 18 = ‬‬ ‫~‪~~ 1~, ~0‬‬ ‫~‪181=10(1 1(108)( = ~/1‬‬ ‫‪ 0~~,.~0‬‬ ‫‪~~1~, ~~158 ,10~~ 1(1 089~885‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=1 ,.0‬‬ ‫)~(‪ ~~~~0‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪~ (1 ) * 100‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1(1~~1= ,01‬‬ ‫‪~898‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪1(1‬‬ ‫‪ ,01 ~898‬‬ ‫‪ ()( ~ 1(1089~885‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‪0~~~~1‬‬ ‫‪~ ~(108~8(11=81‬‬ ‫‪~/15‬‬ ‫‪383‬‬ ‫‪384‬‬ ‫‪~~1~,.‬‬ ‫‪~~)(,.‬‬ ‫‪387‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~,.‬‬ ‫‪388‬‬ ‫‪/1‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪381‬‬ ‫‪382‬‬ ‫‪386‬‬ ‫)‪390 ~)(=~5*5~~(~~*0~~,.~0/180‬‬ ‫*()~ ‪ ‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪ ,01~898‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫=‪1(1~~1‬‬ ‫(‪~ 0‬‬ ‫‪~~1~,.‬‬ ‫‪ ~/15 0~1=~~~ ,01~898 85‬‬ ‫)‪~~=(5~~(~)(*~)(-~(1)*~(1)))/~(1‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪410‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~*100‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪(8~~0‬‬ ‫‪1(1‬‬ ‫~‪ ~8~00(11‬‬ ‫‪~~1~,.‬‬ ‫‪420‬‬ ‫‪50/1=0‬‬ ‫‪425‬‬ ‫‪430‬‬ ‫‪~=2 ,.0 ~/1‬‬ ‫‪50/1=50/1+(~(~)/(~~2))~2‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(,.‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫)‪0~=5~~(50~)/~(1‬‬ ‫‪460‬‬ ‫‪~~1~,.‬‬ ‫‪465‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0~*100‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪1(1‬‬ ‫~‪ 0151=0~1=10(1 (8~~0‬‬ ‫‪440‬‬ ‫‪500 ~~0‬‬ ‫**********‬ ‫‪~~6-6‬‬ ‫*********‬ ‫‪5 ~~5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~~~ ~~6-6.,‬‬ ‫)‪30 01/1 ~(25).~(100).~(90),)((90),~~~~(25),~~~~0(25).~~(50).8~(50‬‬ ‫~‪40 ~~/1 5~~~ ~~6~~ ~~~~0~~,.10‬‬ ‫‪1 ‬‬ ‫‪50 ~~1~, ~0.0( ~~1585 ~8~ ~81( ~~~18‬‬ ‫~~ ‪60 1~~0,.‬‬ ‫‪1=~8(1 1 ‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪,20‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪8(10 (0‬‬ ‫‪100 ‬‬ ‫‪,10‬‬ ‫‪1=~8(1‬‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫‪1855‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪ /100~18~ 10(1 1(108)( 1855‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~1‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫~‪~/1‬‬ ‫‪1~~0,.‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫~‪ ~15‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪~~1~,.‬‬ ‫‪1~~0,.‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪83‬‬ ‫=‪.,~ 19~851‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~,.‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪~/1‬‬ ‫‪1~~0,.‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪~08((1~18(11=51‬‬ ‫~‪~0~~18‬‬ ‫‪~8~00(1‬‬ ‫‪085‬‬ ‫=‪~001~(18(11‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 ~80‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪87 ~~5‬‬ ‫)‪(11‬‬ ‫~‪~,.‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪574‬‬ ‫=‪~ 1‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪~85~ 10 ‬‬ ‫‪5~~~ ‬‬ ‫‪0)( ~ ~.‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫)~(~‪= ‬‬ ‫‪* 100‬‬ ‫) ‪ ~( 1‬‬ ‫‪575‬‬ ‫)‪ ~( ~ ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪01 ~898‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫~~‪91 ~~ 1~1 1981 ~0~)( 19‬‬ ‫~~‪98 ~~1~1 ~19 8-13 10 ~8 ~1‬‬ ‫~~*‪100 ~5=2‬‬ ‫‪105 10~=.0001‬‬ ‫‪110 ~0~ ~=1 10 ~5‬‬ ‫)‪115 5~(~)=((-1)~~)*((~5+2)/~1‬‬ ‫‪120 ~~)(1 /1‬‬ ‫‪121 ~0~ ~=1 10 ~5 51~~ 2‬‬ ‫‪122 ~(~)=/1+1‬‬ ‫~ ‪124 ~~)(1‬‬ ‫‪125 ~0~ /1=2 10 ~5 51~~ 2‬‬ ‫‪130 ~(~)=-/1‬‬ ‫~ ‪135 ~~)(1‬‬ ‫~‪140 ~(1 )=~/1‬‬ ‫‪145 )((1)=~1/2‬‬ ‫‪150 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5‬‬ ‫‪155 ~0~ 1=1 10 90‬‬ ‫‪160 ~=1+1‬‬ ‫)‪165 )((~)=(~(1)-~(/1))/5~(/1‬‬ ‫))~(()(~‪110 ~(~)=~~~*51‬‬ ‫))‪115 )()(=~85()((~)-)((~-1‬‬ ‫‪180 1~ )()((10~ 1~~~ 6010 190‬‬ ‫‪185 ~~)(1 1‬‬ ‫)‪190 ~~~~(/1)=)((1‬‬ ‫‪195 ~~)(1 /1‬‬ ‫‪200 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5‬‬ ‫‪202 ~~~~0(/1)=~~~~(/1)*180/~1‬‬ ‫‪206 ~~)(1 /1‬‬ ‫‪220 ~5=1‬‬ ‫‪225 ~0~ ~=1 10 ~/1‬‬ ‫‪230 ~=0‬‬ ‫‪234 8=0‬‬ ‫‪240 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5 51~~ 2‬‬ ‫~‪250 ~=~05(~*~~~~(/1))-~05(~*~~~~(/1+1))+‬‬ ‫‪253 8=51~(~*~~~~(/1+1))-51~(~*~~~~(/1))+8‬‬ ‫‪260 ~~)(1 /1‬‬ ‫~*))‪265 ~~(~)=((2*~5)/(~*~1‬‬ ‫‪210 8~(~)=((2*~5)/(~*~1))*8‬‬ ‫)‪212 ~(~)=50~(~~(~)*~~(~)+8~(~)*8~(~))/50~(2‬‬ ‫‪= 8~(~),‬‬ ‫)‪ 8~( ~ ‬‬ ‫‪= ~~(~),‬‬ ‫)‪213 1~ ~~=1 1~~~ ~~1~1 ~~( ~ ‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(1‬‬ ‫~~‪ ‬‬ ‫= ‪~~ 1~1 ~0 0~ ~- 1585 ~8 ~81 ~-~)(~ 18‬‬ ‫~‪ ~/1‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫= ()‪~~ 1~1 /100- 18~ 100 10(8‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~1 ~- 158 ~ 10~~ 10 089 885‬‬ ‫‪~0~ /1=1 10 ~5‬‬ ‫)‪~~1~1 0( /1 10 089 885 = ~~~~0(/1‬‬ ‫‪~~)(1 /1‬‬ ‫~‪~~ 1~1 ~- 0080180~81 ~/15 0- ~~- ~ 01 ~898 10 ~ 0~ 0~ 10~- ‬‬ ‫‪~)(=0‬‬ ‫‪~5=1‬‬ ‫‪~0~ /1=1 10 ~5 51~~ 2‬‬ ‫‪215‬‬ ‫‪381‬‬ ‫‪382‬‬ ‫‪383‬‬ ‫‪384‬‬ ‫‪386‬‬ ‫‪381‬‬ ‫‪388‬‬ ‫‪389‬‬ ‫‪390‬‬ ‫‪391‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪= 11 ~)(.100‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫~~‪~~=~~~~(~+1)-~~~~(~)+‬‬ ‫‪~~~, (1‬‬ ‫)‪~~=~5*5~~(~~/~1‬‬ ‫~‪,,~1~, ~(15 00~~0~ 01~898 85 ~ 0~ 0~ 10~0~ 01~89‬‬ ‫)‪~~=(5~~(~~*~~-~(1)*~(1)))/~(1‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~, .1~8 010,,1~ ~8~~0 1,, ~ = ‬‬ ‫‪~~* 100‬‬ ‫‪50(1=0‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ~=2 ,.0 ~(1‬‬ ‫‪50(1=50~+(~(~)/(~~2))~2‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~~,.‬‬ ‫)‪0~=5~~(50~)/~(1‬‬ ‫‪~~/~, 015~0, ~10,, 1=8~~0, 1,-, ~ = ‬‬ ‫‪0~*100‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪392‬‬ ‫‪394‬‬ ‫‪396‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪408‬‬ ‫‪420‬‬ ‫‪425‬‬ ‫‪430‬‬ ‫‪440‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪460‬‬ ‫‪465‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪********* ~~06-7‬‬ ‫**********‬ ‫‪5 ~~5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~~~ ~~06-7 ‬‬ ‫)‪30 01~ 5~(25),~(25),~(100),~(90),~(90),~~~~(25),~~~~0(25),~~(50),8~(50‬‬ ‫~‪40 ~~~ 5~~~ ~~6~~ ~~~~0~~,.10‬‬ ‫‪50 ~~ 1~, ~0 01= ~ 15~5 1,-, ~~~ 1=1, 5~ 60 0~9, ~~5 ‬‬ ‫~‪60 /~~0, ,.,,‬‬ ‫‪70 ~~1~, ~00 18~10,, 1,,0~)( 1~55 ~~8,-, 1 ‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪80 1~~0,.‬‬ ‫‪82 ~~1~, ~15~ 01= ~0 , 1~, ~0~1=~1~1~,,~51 ~0, ~~5 ,1- 8,-,01=0, ~0 ,2‬‬‫~~ ‪83 1~~0,.‬‬ ‫‪84 ~~ 1,.,,, ~ 19~~5~ 0~51 , ~0 ~8, 00,, 1~ ~0/11~0,,~,,~ 1~55 ~~8,, 100 ‬‬ ‫~‪85 1~~0, ,.,,‬‬ ‫‪87 ~~5‬‬ ‫)‪90 ~1=41*~,.~(11‬‬ ‫‪97 ~~ 1,.,,, 1987 ~0~)/ 19~~ 0)/ ~ ~ ~85~ 10 ‬‬ ‫‪98 ~~1~, ~19 8-15 1,-, ~, ~~, ~1~~ 0001~1~0 5~~~ ‬‬ ‫~~*‪100 ~5=2‬‬ ‫‪105 ,.0~=.0001‬‬ ‫‪110 ~0~ ~=1 ,.0 ,.,,5‬‬ ‫)‪115 5~(~)=((-1)~~)*(3*(~5+1)/~1‬‬ ‫~ ‪120 ~~~,.‬‬ ‫‪121 ~0~ ~=1 ,.0 ~5 5,.~~ 2‬‬ ‫‪122 ~(~)=~+1‬‬ ‫‪124 ~~~, (1‬‬ ‫‪125 ~0~ ~=2 ,.0 ~5 5,.~~ 2‬‬ ‫~‪130 ~(~)=-‬‬ ‫~ ‪, 135 ~~~,.‬‬ ‫‪136 ~~,.=2*,.,,5+2‬‬ ‫‪~~,.=,.,,~,./2‬‬ ‫~~~=)‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪~(1)=~1/2‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ~=1 ,.0 ~5‬‬ ‫‪~0~ 1=1 ,.0 90‬‬ ‫‪=1+1‬‬ ‫)~(~‪(~)=(~(1)-~(~))/5‬‬ ‫))~(~(‪~(~)=~(1~*51,.,,‬‬ ‫‪576‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪1 0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪155‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪165‬‬ ‫‪170‬‬ ‫‪.,‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪184‬‬ ‫))‪~~=~85(~(~)-~(~-1‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~~(.0~ ~~~ 80.0‬‬ ‫‪~~~ 1‬‬ ‫)‪~~~~01)=~(1‬‬ ‫‪175‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪182‬‬ ‫‪184‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪186‬‬ ‫‪~~~~(~5+1)=~1/3‬‬ ‫‪~~~~(~5+2)=2*~1/3‬‬ ‫‪~~5=~5+1‬‬ ‫‪~0~ =~~5.0 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪188‬‬ ‫‪190‬‬ ‫‪192‬‬ ‫‪194‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫~~=‪195 1‬‬ ‫‪+1‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫)‪~~~~( )=~1-~~_~~(.1‬‬ ‫‪196‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪198‬‬ ‫‪~0~ =1 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~0( )=~~~~( )*180/~1‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪202‬‬ ‫‪206‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪220 ~5=1‬‬ ‫‪~ ‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~=1‬‬ ‫‪225‬‬ ‫‪230 ~=0‬‬ ‫‪234 6=0‬‬ ‫‪240 ~0~ =1.0 ~~ 5.~~ 2‬‬ ‫~‪250 ~=(05(~*~~~~( ))-(05(~*~~~~( +1))+‬‬ ‫‪253 8=51~(~*~~~~( +1))-51~(~*~~~~( ))+8‬‬ ‫)~(~~‬ ‫= )~~~(~~ ‪~8~(~),‬‬ ‫~*))‪~~(~)=((2*~5)/(~*~1‬‬ ‫‪8~(~)=((2*~5)/(~*~1))*8‬‬ ‫)‪~(~)=50~(~~(~)*~~(~)+8~(~)*8~(~))/50~(2‬‬ ‫)~~~(~‪~~~(~), ~8‬‬ ‫= )~~~(~~~ ‪1~ ~(=1 ~~~ ~~1~.‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪ ~~.‬‬ ‫~‪~~1~ ~0.0~ ~~15~5 ~~~ ~81~-~~~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪265‬‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪272‬‬ ‫‪273‬‬ ‫‪275‬‬ ‫‪381‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~.‬‬ ‫‪382‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~.‬‬ ‫‪384‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪385‬‬ ‫‪~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪386‬‬ ‫()~‪(10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1 (1 0~9~~~5‬‬ ‫~‪~ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫)‪~~~~~0( ‬‬ ‫‪ ~ ( ) *100‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪ 01~89‬‬ ‫‪~~*100‬‬ ‫~~~‪1 (1‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪1 (1 0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪00~ 18~ 10(1‬‬ ‫~~‪ ~(191 ~5 8‬‬ ‫‪ =1 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪~~~ ~1(1 0~9~~~5‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫~‪ 01~89‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪387‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~.‬‬ ‫‪388‬‬ ‫‪~~=0‬‬ ‫‪~5=1‬‬ ‫‪~0~ =1.0 ~~ 5.~~ 2‬‬ ‫~~‪~~=~~~~( +1)-~~~~( )+‬‬ ‫‪389‬‬ ‫‪390‬‬ ‫‪391‬‬ ‫‪392‬‬ ‫‪~~~, .‬‬ ‫‪394‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪~ 0‬‬ ‫‪ ~~(10801~(1~81‬‬ ‫)‪396 ~~=~5*50~(~~/~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪ 01~89‬‬ ‫~~~‪1 (1‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪1 0‬‬ ‫‪~~*100‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫~‪ 01~89‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪1~, ~ 0‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫)‪408 ~~=(50~(~~*~~-~(1)*~(1)))/~(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪1(1‬‬ ‫~‪~~1~, ~8~010(11~ ~8~~0‬‬ ‫‪420‬‬ ‫‪5(.) =0‬‬ ‫‪425‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ~=2 ~ ‬‬ ‫‪5(.) =5(.) +(~(~)/(~~2))~2‬‬ ‫‪430‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(.‬‬ ‫‪0~*100‬‬ ‫‪577‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‪~8~~0‬‬ ‫‪440‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫)‪0~=50~(5(.) )/~(1‬‬ ‫‪460‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪465‬‬ ‫‪~, 0‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪10(1‬‬ ‫‪1, , ‬‬ ‫~~‪ 5~0‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~)‪~~~ ~0~/(= 10011 ~1‬‬ ‫‪81001008.0,~ .6., 1-/0~.‬‬ ‫‪80 50118, 111~., 1964.‬‬ ‫‪0 1-1010., 11,./11~/()/~5 /111/~,.(~,.0,.~~/(5.‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪818.0, ~.,‬‬ ‫‪1-/0 1( 1(11-/(), 411 /11(,.00~~(/011 (0 110~~, ~/~~(,.011/~5 ~01~0~81~~, ~~81‬‬ ‫‪51188~)(, 611~)3110=10011 ~1)~~ 80 50118 1,10., 1983.‬‬ ‫‪8 1, 110~~, ~/~~(,.011/~5 81103))~81= ,6./(30~111131‬‬ ‫‪111~.,‬‬ ‫‪~~81011, ~3.= ~~81011 ~110)180111~~0.,‬‬ ‫~ ‪1-/0 5.‬‬ ‫‪/(1, ~., 1( 0‬‬ ‫‪1(1300, 1980.‬‬ ‫‪1-/52/(~, 1.1~51.5,‬‬ ‫‪110~~, ~/~~(,.011/~5 ~ ~011(,.0/.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪, ~.,‬‬ ‫‪1985.‬‬ ‫‪51~,,,~113~~,‬‬ ‫‪1-1~~18, 611~)3110= 11181111111011‬‬ ‫‪(1110 7/1)1,./5(0, 0,.~~/(5.‬‬ ‫~‪110~~, 1)/00‬‬ ‫‪.611~111~~~8, 1979.‬‬ ‫‪10011‬‬ ‫=(‪~0~/‬‬ ‫‪0,.~~/(5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪5~/11/~0110~~(0,.‬‬ ‫‪1-/0 ,6 5.~0()1-/101-/,‬‬ ‫‪110~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~18, ~ ~.,‬‬ ‫)‪01.6)~~1~1~3‬‬ ‫‪1-/, 8.,‬‬ ‫‪80 50118, 111~., 1984.‬‬ ‫‪0()1-/101-/, 110~~, 5~/11/~0110~~(0,.1),./1/~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪1-/0,6 ‬‬ ‫‪5.8‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪5/ 10~01-/,‬‬ ‫‪80 50118, 111~., 1975.‬‬ ‫‪.611~)~~000‬‬ ‫‪00/ 0101-/,‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪1-/0~.‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪101-/ 1-/, 0.‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬ ‫‪/.1(111~(1/ 6(/1 ~(/.‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫~‪~110)180111‬‬ ‫‪1986.‬‬ ‫‪~~8(011‬‬ ‫‪~3.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪5))~111~~~- ~~~)3~,‬‬ ‫‪~~11100)0‬‬ ‫‪~~81011,‬‬ ‫‪5((1(~ 1)~1//~~5.‬‬ ‫‪~/(/1 50//0‬‬ ‫=(‪~0~/‬‬ ‫=‪~.1.‬‬ ‫‪1 ~.,‬‬ ‫‪01118,‬‬ ‫‪00 / 1108,‬‬ ‫‪111~., 1985.‬‬ ‫=()~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~0~)(= ~311 ~081~3110‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪~/~~(,.011/~5.‬‬ ‫‪1-/1-/, 1(., 8(15/~ 11,./11~/()/~5 01110~~,.‬‬ ‫‪5((1(~ 110~~, 5~()()//~5.‬‬ ‫‪1)~5/811 0150//0‬‬ ‫~‪010‬‬ ‫~‪0~11~,.(1/ ~/~~(,./‬‬ ‫‪~~~1111~~-1-13)), 111~., 1982.‬‬ ‫‪~011(,.0/‬‬ ‫~~)‪~1‬‬ ‫~~)‪10011 ~1‬‬ ‫‪110~~,.‬‬ ‫~‪010‬‬ ‫‪1-/, 8.,‬‬ ‫~~‪5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪10/(,.6.‬‬ ‫‪~0.,‬‬ ‫~‪1-1100‬‬ ‫‪1-11-/‬‬ ‫‪~0111))311~, 111~., 1981.‬‬ ‫‪578‬‬ ‫‪~0(-‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪8~~1111(10,‬‬ ‫‪1/(1110000/(.‬‬ ‫(~‪~(111~~ 1111~(11(111011(11 ~~~11~1‬‬ ‫‪ 41111//~(1(/0115‬‬ ‫‪0.,‬‬ ‫‪5~8.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1974.‬‬ ‫‪~0111-‬‬ ‫‪~(111 ~081((111(1‬‬ ‫‪~~1110.01(1‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪80118, 111~.,‬‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5.‬‬ ‫‪~0((111011,‬‬ ‫‪0.,‬‬ ‫‪5~111/~0110~~(0,‬‬ ‫‪1986.‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪1-10~ ,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪111~.,‬‬ ‫~‪,.,,., /3(15/~ 0~/0‬‬ ‫‪1-10~ ,‬‬ ‫‪~(111~,‬‬ ‫‪1(1-088,‬‬ ‫‪1984.‬‬ ‫‪~(~88,‬‬ ‫‪1969.‬‬ ‫~‪~(11110(1(1~~, ~(188.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~11‬‬ ‫~‪811~1(111(1~~~0((1~-1-11111300‬‬ ‫‪/),/11~5.‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫‪1985.‬‬ ‫‪811~1~-‬‬ ‫‪8~(111~~(-~~(1(1~,‬‬ ‫‪~(1~11/11~1)1.‬‬ ‫‪~0(0,‬‬ ‫‪~(11(1~110.~(1(1, 13~(~80.1(~,‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫~)‪5((1(~ /‬‬ ‫‪1(1.181(0, ,.,,., 50//0‬‬ ‫‪1.~1-/1)10~, ~ ~., /10~~, ~/~~(,011/~5.‬‬ ‫‪1.1(1., 1981.‬‬ ‫)‪~0111~(111~ (0.1(.‬‬ ‫‪0/ ~/~~(,/~(1/‬‬ ‫‪/),/11~5.‬‬ ‫‪~011(,0/‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪1.11-/1)8~~, ~., ~1-/1)~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1 ~~8811),‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,0111~~11(111/~5 (1110 ~/~~(,/~(1/‬‬ ‫‪~00(1 01~~8, ~ ~ ~(~1111~~-1-1(111, 111~., 1986.‬‬ ‫~‪0111 ~ ~(111(1(11(1110~11~((11 81~~1(1‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,(~, 1/(1110000/(.‬‬ ‫‪~~1~(00(011~0.,‬‬ ‫~~‪81188~)(, 811~1(111(1~100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫‪~(11110(1(1~~, ~(188 ~ 10.~ ~11‬‬ ‫‪~0.1~0.~81~(,‬‬ ‫‪~~81‬‬ ‫‪~)1~/0~01111~,(~,5.‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪711)1,/5(0,‬‬ ‫‪~011(,0/.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~ 0‬‬ ‫‪1.011(1011~ ~(1~-‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,(0,5‬‬ ‫‪(1110 711~/, 41111//~(1(/0115.‬‬ ‫‪~ ~.,‬‬ ‫‪~~~1.1~~~,‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪~(~88, 1972.‬‬ ‫‪0.,‬‬ ‫‪,.,,.,‬‬ ‫‪111~., 1980.‬‬ ‫‪~~21)~,‬‬ ‫‪1,1(1., 1973.‬‬ ‫‪711~ 711~01)1 (1110 /)~5/811 0/‬‬ ‫‪711)1,/5(0, ~011(,0/ 0/ 4~ ~0(0,5.‬‬ ‫‪0)(~0((1~ ~~(~(1111011 ~(~88 1,1(1., 1973.‬‬ ‫‪5((1(~ ~0(0,‬‬ ‫‪~011(,0/.‬‬ ‫‪~~81011, ~(1 ~ ~~81011‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5-50//0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~)1~/0~01111~,(~,5.‬‬ ‫‪1, ~10, ~ ~.,‬‬ ‫‪~0111~(111~ 1.1(1., 1976.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪~ 80118‬‬ ‫‪1.1001-/~~1),‬‬ ‫‪~1.1~ 8~,‬‬ ‫‪1 ~.‬‬ ‫‪~10~~~~1-/,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~1101180.111~ ~0.,‬‬ ‫‪~101-1-~, 13 ~., 711)1,/5(0, /111(15~ ~011(,0//~0‬‬ ‫‪100.11 ~11~~ ~ 80118, 111~., 1971.‬‬ ‫‪ 411 111(,00~~(/011‬‬ ‫‪(0 711)1,/5(0,5‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~00~ ~,‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪111111(111‬‬ ‫‪~1101180.~(8 1.1(1., 1978.‬‬ ‫~‪~/~~(,/‬‬ ‫‪~0(0,5.‬‬ ‫‪/0,‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5-711)1,/5(0,‬‬ ‫‪~011(,0//~0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪8., /10~~,‬‬ ‫~‪~~~88‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪1,011(1011~ ~0.(1~111(111~ 1-1(1111.1(1., 1982.‬‬ ‫‪~0(~0((1-‬‬ ‫~‪81~~1(1‬‬ ‫~‪~1118011(~0., ~(1 ~ ~~81111~0.0118‬‬ ‫‪/)~5/811~,5‬‬ ‫‪1/(1110000/(.‬‬ ‫‪~1~10, 1, ~.‬‬ ‫‪5~8.‬‬ ‫‪11011, 1970.‬‬ ‫‪1970.‬‬ ‫‪~ 0/ 1, 1.011(1011~ ~1111(1((11,1(1.,‬‬ ‫‪~ 80118, 111~., 1981.‬‬ ‫‪80118,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~‪100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫~~(‪~ 0‬‬ ‫‪(15/118 711)1,/5(0,5,‬‬ ‫~~‪100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 /)~5/811.‬‬ ‫‪~118/11~~,/118‬‬ ‫‪/),/11~5.‬‬ ‫~)‪/‬‬ ‫‪0,~~/(5-711~0,)1‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1 /10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0810,‬‬ ‫‪711)1,/5(0,‬‬ ‫‪8101-/, ~ ~.,‬‬ ‫‪1.,‬‬ ‫‪80-1~10~10~,‬‬ ‫‪8.~~(///~,‬‬ ‫‪111~., 1965.‬‬ ‫‪0,~~/(5.‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,(~,‬‬ ‫~)‪/)~-(0-/‬‬ ‫‪5~/(~1111100~ /10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~00~,11‬‬ ‫‪810~10~1-/8, ~ ~., ~1-/1) 0.‬‬ ‫‪131-00~.,‬‬ ‫‪~(111 ~081((111(1 ~~1110.01(1 ~0111~(111~, 111~., 1985.‬‬ ‫~‪811‬‬‫~~~‬ ‫‪~(1~111~0.(1111, 13~(~80.1(~,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 41111//~(1(/0115.‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5.‬‬ ‫‪8 10~101-/, ~ 8., ~/~~(,/~(1/ ~(1~11/11~5 (1110 /10~~,‬‬ ‫‪1(111(1~~(111 ~081((111(1 ~~1110.01(11,1(1.,‬‬ ‫‪1983.‬‬ ‫‪711)1,/5(0,5-711~0,)1‬‬ ‫‪~1-/1) 1( 1( 81.1~~1-/1)81.‬‬ ‫‪1984.‬‬ ‫‪111(11(111(1~0118,111(1.~ 1-10~(1((1‬‬ ‫‪~ 80118, 111~., 1962.‬‬ ‫‪~ 0(~~ 1-1(1181~(1‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,5/011.‬‬ ‫~~‪100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪(1110 41111//~(1(/0115,‬‬ ‫‪~(111 ~081((111(1 ~~1110.01(1 ~0111~(111~,‬‬ ‫‪1(.,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪81.1~~1-/1)81,‬‬ ‫‪1-1(1181~(1~(~88,‬‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪,,0~~,‬‬ ‫~(‪1 ~~ 10~, ~ 8., /1,/11(/11/~5 0/ 50//0-5((1‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪8(11118 ~ ~0111~(111~, ~1101180.~(8 111~., 1985.‬‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪/)~11/~~5, /),/11~,5‬‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪~01111~,(~,5.‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5,‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,(~,5.‬‬ ‫‪5((1(/~ /10~~,‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪~101-1-8,‬‬ ‫‪~11-1-1~~813.‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪~(~88, 1987.‬‬ ‫‪5~/(~11/118‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪~001),‬‬ ‫‪111~., 1981.‬‬ ‫‪579‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪)1111~110111~31151510~5 (8115‬‬ ‫~‪81))013‬‬ ‫) ‪(~011(().‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~3111 01, 424‬‬ ‫‪0~1,,,~5, 339‬‬ ‫‪363‬‬ ‫‪))~~10~/11311~~ ))3~3/11~1~~5 01, 424‬‬ ‫‪340‬‬ ‫‪51~(0)1-5131~ ~/13~3~1~~1511~5 01, 413‬‬ ‫‪5.,,,,11~/1111~~/13~3~1~~1511~5 01, 418‬‬ ‫‪810~/(111~ /1100~, 4‬‬ ‫‪8~~3/(00.,,,,11 ,,,0113~~, 434‬‬ ‫‪369‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~111-5011~~~,‬‬ ‫‪111011~11011 /11010~5,‬‬ ‫‪5)111~/1~0110115‬‬ ‫‪/11010~5,‬‬ ‫~‪~11~1‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0,,,~~13)),‬‬ ‫‪~0/11/11111311011‬‬ ‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪~0/11/11111311011,‬‬ ‫‪313‬‬ ‫‪313‬‬ ‫‪315‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪317‬‬ ‫‪~0111~01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪~0111~01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫~(‪0~3/‬‬ ‫‪~0111~01‬‬ ‫‪319‬‬ ‫‪~3))3~11311~~,‬‬ ‫~~))))‪~/10‬‬ ‫‪~)(1111~11011,‬‬ ‫‪11~111~, 79‬‬ ‫‪))0.,,,,~~ 13~10~,‬‬ ‫‪372‬‬ ‫~~‪))0.,,,,‬‬ ‫~‪~~~~11~~311,,,‬‬ ‫~(‪0~3/‬‬ ‫‪545‬‬ ‫‪57,‬‬ ‫‪469‬‬ ‫‪0~13)1,‬‬ ‫‪(15))13~~/11~111,‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬ ‫‪0~1,,,~5,‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪0~~3/(00.,,,,11,‬‬ ‫‪10~~11~,‬‬ ‫~‪~ ,,,31311~/1‬‬ ‫~‪~/1~051311‬‬ ‫‪1.,,,,0/1011~-~1130~3111,‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~/10))))~~5‬‬ ‫‪205‬‬ ‫‪210‬‬ ‫‪205,‬‬ ‫‪~13551~31,‬‬ ‫‪1/11))1115~-~0/11/1111131~0,‬‬ ‫‪321‬‬ ‫‪212‬‬ ‫‪/1111111))/135~,‬‬ ‫‪))1115~,‬‬ ‫‪~~50113111‬‬ ‫‪835~ 5))~~0, 298‬‬ ‫)‪81))0)3~ )1111~110111~31151510~5 (8115‬‬ ‫‪035~ 0~1,,,~ ~0111~01 01, 436‬‬ ‫‪0313 5/1~~1 01, 426‬‬ ‫‪580‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫)‪~0111(01 (~0/1(0.‬‬ ‫‪,,,011~~~ ~110 1(~().11~11~)1, 358‬‬ ‫‪358‬‬ ‫)‪(~0/1(0.‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪,,,0115//1~(12,‬‬ ‫‪142‬‬ ‫‪49,‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪11111-~~,,,~, 154‬‬ ‫‪157‬‬ ‫‪/1~11-~~,,,~,‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪67,‬‬ ‫‪266‬‬ ‫‪148‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪~11)(111~()1,‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~110(5,‬‬ ‫‪~0(11~1~(11~111~()1,‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫‪0101(~~11011~1,‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(11111~11011,‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-~/1~5~,‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪1/1)1(1510(,‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-~/1~5~ 0101(~~11011~1,‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬ ‫‪51~~-11~,‬‬ ‫‪204‬‬ ‫‪~~ ,,,011~~~, 137‬‬ ‫‪~01)1~011-~01111~~1~0,‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪51~~-00~11,‬‬ ‫‪186‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(5‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫‪~1115~,‬‬ ‫‪~)(1~01~1‬‬ ‫‪10(~~0, 57‬‬ ‫‪1111101(~~11011~1,‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪~011,,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪1(11~1115~,‬‬ ‫‪1111~-510~,‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪~~-~~,‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪~~-0~,‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0~-~~,‬‬ ‫‪(~5011~111 ~1115~, 64‬‬ ‫‪10, 180‬‬ ‫‪0~-0~,‬‬ ‫‪5~11, 58‬‬ ‫‪10~0-510~,‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪11~111(~1 0( 1111~, 57‬‬ ‫‪011~1, 78, 87‬‬ ‫‪11)10~~/(, 285‬‬ ‫‪5011, 215‬‬ ‫‪11(11~, 58‬‬ ‫‪11111,77, 84‬‬ ‫‪11111-0(10~~,‬‬ ‫‪287‬‬ ‫‪567‬‬ ‫‪,,,011~~~, 61‬‬ ‫(~‪~0(11~111‬‬ ‫‪~(0~(~(115,‬‬ ‫‪/1~11-0(10~~, 287‬‬ ‫‪011~-().11~0(~111,‬‬ ‫‪77‬‬ ‫‪287‬‬ ‫‪~115/1-~1111,‬‬ ‫‪439‬‬ ‫‪011~1,‬‬ ‫‪11111, 84‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫‪5~(111, 80‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~0,‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪5~(1~5,‬‬ ‫‪011~1,‬‬ ‫‪11111, 101‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪/1~11-~~,,,~,‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪5~(111, 99‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪517‬‬ ‫‪~1(,‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪0)1 /1~~1‬‬ ‫‪11().1110,‬‬ ‫(~‪~(0~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111, 538‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 ~~111, 470,‬‬ ‫‪~)1~10~011,,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-~/1~5~, 166‬‬ ‫‪1/1(~~-~/1~5~,‬‬ ‫‪168‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪0~(11~111~ 1~~10(,‬‬ ‫‪0~(11~111~ (~110, 21, 522‬‬ ‫‪~)(1111~11011‬‬ ‫‪356‬‬ ‫‪332‬‬ ‫‪1(~().11~119,‬‬ ‫‪(111~(0~0(11~111~(,‬‬ ‫‪138‬‬ ‫‪330‬‬ ‫‪011-011,‬‬ ‫‪~/1~5~-10~/(~0-100~,‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪246‬‬ ‫‪437‬‬ ‫‪112‬‬ ‫‪~/1~5~,‬‬ ‫‪~/1~5~-015~1~~~(11~111,‬‬ ‫‪313‬‬ ‫‪~001111~,‬‬ ‫‪0)110(~~0‬‬ ‫‪516‬‬ ‫‪514‬‬ ‫‪~11~1~,‬‬ ‫‪1~0-().11~0(~111,‬‬ ‫‪514‬‬ ‫‪516‬‬ ‫‪108‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~/1111‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪77‬‬ ‫‪361‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪11111~110115 01,‬‬ ‫‪105‬‬ ‫‪581‬‬ ‫‪~11115~111(~11011,‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬ ‫‪365‬‬ ‫‪5~(111-,‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬ ‫‪554‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~0~~11,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪0~5~ 0(1,,,~, 436‬‬ ‫‪~/10~~~(, 313‬‬ ‫‪~105~0-100~, 323, 365, 376‬‬ ‫‪77‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪~/10~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪0~5~,‬‬ ‫‪~0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪~(0~0(11011~1‬‬ ‫‪~1115~-~101/1-(1100111~11011,‬‬ ‫‪(~~~11~(~11,,,~ 0(~/(~, 315‬‬ ‫‪(/1~051~11~ 0(~/(~, 317‬‬ ‫‪(010( ,,,011~~~, 349‬‬ ‫‪5111115010~1 ~1115~-~101/1 (1100111~11011, 114‬‬ ‫‪511~ ~0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪351‬‬ ‫‪51~10( ,,,011~~~, 347‬‬ ‫‪5)1(11(11~1(1~~1 ~11~1~, 110‬‬ ‫‪11~, 156‬‬ ‫‪437‬‬ ‫‪436‬‬ ‫‪365‬‬ ‫‪111(11-011,‬‬ ‫‪111(11-011,‬‬ ‫‪,,,~~10(,‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪0(1,,,~8, 296‬‬ ‫‪~/10))))~( ~0111(01, 313‬‬ ‫(‪~3~10‬‬ ‫‪(18))13~~111~111,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪01810(11011,‬‬ ‫‪229‬‬ ‫‪(0(111, 30‬‬ ‫‪/13(1110111~, 30, 228‬‬ ‫‪/(1))111 ))0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪0,,,~(0(1,,,~, 417‬‬ ‫‪8111~1~-))/138~ 01131-~011,,,~(1~( ~0111(01 304‬‬ ‫‪8111~1~-))/138~ (1111-~011,,,~(1~( ~0111(01 , ,303‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫‪545‬‬ ‫‪))0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪107,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪384‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪~108~0-100)) ~0111(0) 0(, 323‬‬ ‫‪1111~(0~0111))111~( ~0111(01 0(, 332‬‬ ‫))‪))/138~-10~/(~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 330‬‬ ‫‪8111~)~-))/138~ ~0111(01, 300‬‬ ‫‪(1))))1~,‬‬ ‫‪1111112311011‬‬ ‫(~‪8111~1~-))/138~ /13)(-~3,,,~-~011,,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 301‬‬ ‫‪8111~1~-))/138~ 8~1111~011,,,~(1~( ~0111(01, 302‬‬ ‫‪80(111~88,‬‬ ‫(~‪1(3118(0(111‬‬ ‫‪~31111 ~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 307‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-))/138‬‬ ‫(~‪01131-~011,,,~(1‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-))/138‬‬ ‫‪309‬‬ ‫‪(1111-~011,,,~(1~( ~0111(01, ,308‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-))/138‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪538‬‬ ‫‪3~ 8011(~~,‬‬ ‫‪~11/1‬‬ ‫‪540‬‬ ‫‪0~ 8011(~~,‬‬ ‫‪~11/1‬‬ ‫‪))(08))~~11,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪531‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-))/138‬‬ ‫(~‪/131(-~3,,,~-~011,,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 308‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-))/138‬‬ ‫‪8~1111~011,,,~(1~( ~0111(01, 308‬‬ ‫‪~111~(8‬‬ ‫‪3~, 45‬‬ ‫‪0(, 298‬‬ ‫‪0~, 44‬‬ ‫‪~1(111~ ~1(~11118 0( 1/1~(1810(8, 507‬‬ ‫‪~0(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0(~3/(00~11‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~, 469‬‬ ‫‪31131~818, 564‬‬ ‫(~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~~‪~(~()11~11‬‬ ‫‪113111(31, 522‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬ ‫‪038~ 8))~~0‬‬ ‫‪~/13(3~1~(1811~8 0(, 297‬‬ ‫‪(1~10 ~0111(01 0(, 298‬‬ ‫‪0(, 298‬‬ ‫‪1113~11~112311011 ~/13(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8, 299‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~ ~0111(01 0(, 298‬‬ ‫‪(~80113111, 21‬‬ ‫‪456‬‬ ‫‪0~30‬‬ ‫‪0//0/,‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪03(11))~0‬‬ ‫‪2011~, 255‬‬ ‫‪(111~111~, 21‬‬ ‫‪))(01~~11011,‬‬ ‫‪474‬‬ ‫‪111103(11))~0 113111(31, 522‬‬ ‫‪0(, 533‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬ ‫‪~118~8‬‬ ‫‪~/13(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪0313 8/1~~1 0(, 534‬‬ ‫‪~118111~, 531‬‬ ‫‪((~~~/1~~1111~,‬‬ ‫‪0(, 383‬‬ ‫‪~01111111113110110(, 33‬‬ ‫‪(381 (~~0,,,~(~,‬‬ ‫‪387‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111/11111~ ~/13(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪17, 23, 228‬‬ ‫‪~~11~(31 ))11())08~,‬‬ ‫‪386‬‬ ‫‪1~3/(3~~ ~11((~111, 384‬‬ ‫‪))3(311~1 ~01111~~1~0, 408‬‬ ‫‪0(, 388‬‬ ‫‪031~ ~/13(~~, 451‬‬ ‫‪0108,‬‬ ‫‪494‬‬ ‫‪0(, 494‬‬ ‫‪~/13(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪))3(3111~1~(8‬‬ ‫~~‪))~((0(111311‬‬ ‫‪387‬‬ ‫‪5~/1011/(~,‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8 ~01111~~1~0, 406‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪018))13~~111~111 (3~10(,‬‬ ‫‪01810(11011‬‬ ‫‪(3~10(, 229‬‬ ‫‪0313 8/1~~1 0(, 495‬‬ ‫‪8111100~( ~1(~1111 0(, 502‬‬ ‫‪10131 /13(1110111~, 229‬‬ ‫‪0(1,,,~8‬‬ ‫‪3~, 339‬‬ ‫‪0~, 296, 369‬‬ ‫‪1-13(1110111~8‬‬ ‫‪229‬‬ ‫‪10~~81-0(0~(,‬‬ ‫‪248‬‬ ‫‪514‬‬ ‫‪469‬‬ ‫‪(~011~11011,‬‬ ‫‪1-1~31 8111/(8,‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫~‪1-1010111‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪81311~ 1((3111~(,‬‬ ‫‪81311~ 5~/1~(01118,‬‬ ‫‪0111~ ~~~1~, 10‬‬ ‫‪011/0/, 456‬‬ ‫‪476‬‬ ‫‪))(01~~11011,‬‬ ‫‪582‬‬ ‫)‪(~0/1((/.‬‬ ‫‪445‬‬ ‫‪442‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪444‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(10(111(111‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪340‬‬ ‫~‪81~(10~-81(11‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪361‬‬ ‫‪8~11~111118‬‬ ‫‪452‬‬ ‫‪453‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪~05~818‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪454‬‬ ‫‪0(11(1 811~~1 01,‬‬ ‫‪356‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪341‬‬ ‫‪349‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪347‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫‪462‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪358‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪11~10-~~(1~~111118‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪011-81(11~ ~1.1((~111, 469‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪358‬‬ ‫‪~051018,‬‬ ‫‪11101.1~11011 111010(8,‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~8, 519‬‬ ‫‪545‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪81.1~~11~8, 284‬‬ ‫‪(1~, 290‬‬ ‫~‪,,,011(18‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫‪,,,011(18~,‬‬ ‫‪(11.1)(111(1(~-~01111111.11(11~0,‬‬ ‫‪265‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪1(1~10(, 107,‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪,,,011(18‬‬ ‫(‪81(110‬‬ ‫‪01, 364‬‬ ‫‪111,,,~(1~(8, 11, 226‬‬ ‫‪~111~11-011 ,,,011(18~, 441‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0~,,,1~~8, 8‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~8, 1‬‬ ‫(‪(010‬‬ ‫(~~‪811~ ~0‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 1(~~1.1~11‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 1(~~1.1~11‬‬ ‫‪266‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪,,,011(18‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪0~11~01.1~1~(8,‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(10(111(111‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫~~‪1(~~1.1~11‬‬ ‫‪~0111~1~111~111(1(~-~01111111.11(11~0,‬‬ ‫‪274‬‬ ‫‪256,‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪255,‬‬ ‫‪261‬‬ ‫‪273,‬‬ ‫‪(~8011(1111,‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪(~8011(1111,‬‬ ‫‪557‬‬ ‫‪555,‬‬ ‫‪235,‬‬ ‫‪0101(~~11011(11, 289‬‬ ‫‪226‬‬ ‫‪(~8011(1111,‬‬ ‫‪0(108~,‬‬ ‫‪0101(~~11011(11 (1~, 291‬‬ ‫‪0~, 285‬‬ ‫‪(~8011(1111 (1~, 291‬‬ ‫‪~~~1.1(((1~,‬‬ ‫‪247‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~-~11(18‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01,‬‬ ‫~‪,,,(1(1(101‬‬ ‫~‪,,,011(18‬‬ ‫‪,,,011(18~-801.1(~~,‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪274‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫~‪811181~-~11(18‬‬ ‫‪1111~, 276‬‬ ‫‪239,‬‬ ‫‪8(1111 01,‬‬ ‫~‪11(111-0(108‬‬ ‫‪266‬‬ ‫‪0(108~,‬‬ ‫‪233‬‬ ‫~‪11.111-0(108‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪251‬‬ ‫‪230,‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111-801.1(~~,‬‬ ‫‪(~8011(1111 0~, 288‬‬ ‫‪1801(111011‬‬ ‫‪01 8(11~ (1110 0(18~ 0(1,,,~, 461‬‬ ‫‪/2( 10( 11.181118,401‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11~0 11100~ (1~, 290‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11~0 11100~ 0~, 285‬‬ ‫‪~(08((11118, ~0111~1.11~(, 567‬‬ ‫‪514‬‬ ‫‪538‬‬ ‫‪~(01~~110118,‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~(0~0(1(,‬‬ ‫‪531‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫‪527‬‬ ‫‪,,,011(18~,‬‬ ‫‪469‬‬ ‫‪533‬‬ ‫‪462‬‬ ‫‪1.(11~111118 ~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫‪~11~(8~,‬‬ ‫‪1.~1-111(01.1811‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~ 1((111810(111~(,‬‬ ‫‪~(1811~11~ ~1(~1.1118, 549‬‬ ‫‪~(1110‬‬ ‫‪522‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪~001.11(111011‬‬ ‫‪0(1111~1118,‬‬ ‫‪1(~~1.1~11~~, 182‬‬ ‫‪1110~)(, 114, 240‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(111011,‬‬ ‫‪11.1(118, 25‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~-~10111,‬‬ ‫‪245‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(1~1(111‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.11(111118 ~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫‪~01111111.11(111118, 49‬‬ ‫‪370‬‬ ‫‪385‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11(01101.18,‬‬ ‫‪~11(1(8~,‬‬ ‫‪~~~0,,,~(~0‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪~~~1111~(8,‬‬ ‫‪0(108~, 33‬‬ ‫‪583‬‬ ‫‪241‬‬ ‫‪81111.18010(11‬‬ ‫‪11100111~0‬‬ ‫‪1111.1111~1~-~1.118~-~10111,‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~-~10111,112, 181, 240‬‬ ‫‪243‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~-~10111,‬‬ ‫‪114,‬‬ ‫‪241‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~-~10111,‬‬ ‫‪440‬‬ ‫‪81111.18010(11‬‬ ‫‪1.111110(111‬‬ ‫‪~05~818,‬‬ ‫‪0(11(1 811~~1 01, 446‬‬ ‫‪8(11~ 0(1,,,~ 01, 452‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪, ‬‬ ‫‪~~~11(1~15‬‬ ‫)‪(~011(0.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11110~51~11 0(, 44‬‬ ‫‪~01111011~0, 10, 77‬‬ ‫‪~11311~~15‬‬ ‫‪161‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-()1135~,‬‬ ‫‪164‬‬ ‫‪5~11~010110115,‬‬ ‫‪518‬‬ ‫‪515‬‬ ‫‪10~1111311111()~0311~~,‬‬ ‫‪391,‬‬ ‫‪517‬‬ ‫)(‪13‬‬ ‫‪~((1~1~11~~, 30‬‬ ‫‪1111116()035~ 5131, 38‬‬ ‫‪559‬‬ ‫‪33, 557,‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-()035~ 031(-~3,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪111~1111311~5151311~~,‬‬ ‫‪11111~ ~011513111,‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-()035~ 0110~~,‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪0110~~,‬‬ ‫‪10~111131‬‬ ‫‪~~~11131015‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪441‬‬ ‫~‪101~~-()035‬‬ ‫‪1111~511010‬‬ ‫‪00051, 193‬‬ ‫‪011~/(, 190‬‬ ‫‪111~1151015‬‬ ‫‪483‬‬ ‫‪482‬‬ ‫‪35~111111~111~31,‬‬ ‫‪011~/(-00051,‬‬ ‫‪196‬‬ ‫‪01011~~60113111100~,‬‬ ‫‪~1.1/(, 199‬‬ ‫‪~11313~1~11511~5 0(, 468‬‬ ‫‪(1~03~/(,‬‬ ‫‪196‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪0313 50~~1 0(, 486‬‬ ‫‪(351 5~11~11111~, 480‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0111~ 11100~, 189‬‬ ‫‪50110-5131~,‬‬ ‫‪132‬‬ ‫‪~81-~01111011~0,‬‬ ‫‪484‬‬ ‫‪(11111~ ~11~111150(, 507‬‬ ‫‪111~111131, 391, 515‬‬ ‫‪~~,,,~15~ ~1111~111, 470‬‬ ‫‪~31~ ()101~~6011 ~11~11115, 509‬‬ ‫‪~31~-111111-0((, 481‬‬ ‫‪385‬‬ ‫‪11~1113~6,,,31~0, 484‬‬ ‫‪()31311~1 0()~1311011 0(, 507‬‬ ‫‪()~1(01111311~~ ()313111~1~15 0(, 485‬‬ ‫‪()1135~-~0111101, 480‬‬ ‫‪1~,,,~15~ ~011011~611~, 482‬‬ ‫‪1~~0,,,~1~,‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺷﺩ‬ ‫ُﺭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪5~11~5 0()~136011‬‬ ‫‪5111100~15, 459, 520‬‬ ‫‪11011-01551()36,,,~, 524‬‬ ‫‪0()6111111110~51~11 0(, 523‬‬ ‫‪5()~~0‬‬ ‫‪111111-0110(, 472‬‬ ‫‪1~0-11311515101‬‬ ‫‪1~()~5 0(, 479‬‬ ‫‪357‬‬ ‫‪340‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪3,,,311301~ 111111-0((, 61, 206‬‬ ‫‪011,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪~11~1111111111-0((, 61‬‬ ‫‪419,‬‬ ‫‪473‬‬ ‫‪1(13111~1‬‬ ‫~‪51311‬‬ ‫‪5~0~101115‬‬ ‫~‪5136‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0~5‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪0~13~,‬‬ ‫‪(311, 445‬‬ ‫‪143‬‬ ‫‪473‬‬ ‫‪492‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪127‬‬ ‫‪473‬‬ ‫‪3~,‬‬ ‫‪1~,,,~15111~,‬‬ ‫‪554‬‬ ‫‪111.11-011, 424,‬‬ ‫‪376‬‬ ‫‪36,‬‬ ‫‪0(,‬‬ ‫‪419‬‬ ‫‪342‬‬ ‫‪51013~~,‬‬ ‫‪(1111~6011,‬‬ ‫‪11101015,‬‬ ‫‪~0111101‬‬ ‫‪370‬‬ ‫‪11111~ ~011513111, 325‬‬ ‫~‪101(,/11‬‬ ‫‪0~,,,~10()~0,‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-()035‬‬ ‫~‪1111~~-()1135‬‬ ‫‪369‬‬ ‫‪111111-0(( 0~13~,‬‬ ‫‪11,‬‬ ‫‪3~,‬‬ ‫‪51311~,‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪1111~~-()1135‬‬ ‫‪115~, 445,‬‬ ‫‪127‬‬ ‫‪3~ 5136~,‬‬ ‫‪01011~~601131,‬‬ ‫‪130‬‬ ‫‪(01~310‬‬ ‫‪1~~0,,,~1~, 386,403‬‬ ‫‪1~,,,~15~ 1~~0,,,~1~, 384, 400‬‬ ‫‪51013~~, 419‬‬ ‫‪111111-0((, 5, 425,‬‬ ‫‪035~,‬‬ ‫‪5~11~1110110115,‬‬ ‫‪011,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪298,‬‬ ‫‪~011111111136011, 206‬‬ ‫‪445‬‬ ‫~‪~~,,,~15‬‬ ‫‪5311113611~ ~1131~~, 418‬‬ ‫‪511(), 341‬‬ ‫‪5136~ 111011~6011, 3, 483‬‬ ‫‪111111-0(( 0(, 479‬‬ ‫‪11100~1 0(, 470‬‬ ‫~~‪~~5151311‬‬ ‫‪011-5131~, 451‬‬ ‫‪~31~ 355151~0 111111-0((, 3‬‬ ‫‪0(, 504‬‬ ‫‪~~13~5,‬‬ ‫‪375‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~11111‬‬ ‫‪5~11~1110110115‬‬ ‫)(‪~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~~1111011~3110101,‬‬ ‫‪()~1111311~111-1113~11~1,‬‬ ‫‪374‬‬ ‫‪373‬‬ ‫‪1~111~1311~~,‬‬ ‫‪5311~111-()01~,‬‬ ‫‪584‬‬

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        • ,,,..

        • 10 111~ ()(1(~1118, 111~ ~1(~ ~(11~111(1

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        • 1-1 ~~~11~(1110115 01 ~0~~( 81~~1(0111~5, 1

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        • 101(0011~1100, 15

        • 56

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        • 4-5

        • 101(0011~1100, 77

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        • ~~~~..~(1~~5, 119

        • 1(11(000~110(1, 124

        • 1111..000~110(1, 137

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        • 7-1 101(0011~1100, 180

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        • 8-6.2 ~11111~1~-111115~-~10111 ~00111(11100, 241

        • 8-10

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        • ~ 4~~~~ 10 ()~ ()~~~~5 296

        • 10-2 13(151~ ~11(1((1~1~(1511~5 01 0~ ~010(5, 297

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        • ~...~~,.~~ 11 ~~ ()~~~~5 339

        • 11-2 11101.1~11011 ~010( 0(1~~8, 340

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        • 12-1 1111(001.1~11011, 383

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        • 1111(001.1~11011, 468

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        • 1. 1111(0011~11011-~113()1~( 1

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        • 1. 00~001(011~0 10(0 00 300 011 (~.~., 0100~)

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        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 1. 0100~ (~~1111~(5

        • 10

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 29

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 0,/.

        • 0

        • ~,,,

        • $8~. ,-4

        • 11

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 30

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

      • Titles

        • -+

        • ----

        • 111~ 0~51~0 01 3 .()0~~( ~1~~1(001~5 ~~111.()(0~01 ~30 /)~ 01.,,10~0 1010 1011( .()3(15~

        • 2. ~(01~~1100 01 .()0~~( 0~.,,1~~5

        • 10 111~ ~113.()1~(5 11131 10110~, .,,3(10115 1)1.()~5 01 .()0~~( ~1~~1(001~ ~1(~11115 3(~

        • 12

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 31

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 13

    • page 32

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~/1111 15 110~~( ~1~~1(0111~57

        • 14

    • page 33

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (2-1)

        • (2-2)

        • 15

    • page 34

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ------

        • - .

        • 1(/) = ~5 ~~(/8.~

        • (2-3)

        • (2-4)

        • (2-5)

        • 011~~ = ~5

        • ~ 0100~ ~1.-~1111 ~1111 (10 ~/..., 10(10 15 5110~0 10 ~1~. 2-2(1. ~11~0 5~11~11 51 15

        • (2-6)

        • (2-7)

        • (2-8)

        • 16

    • page 35

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 0.368 ~5

        • ~---

        • 0.632,5. - - - ~

        • 111~ (31~ 01 ~1130~~ 0111115 ~11((~01 ~30 0~ 001310~0 1(001 ~~. (2-8) 35

        • 0-( 1--

        • 300 111~ 1011131 (31~ 01 (15~ 01111~ ~11((~01 (31 ( =

        • 0-(~(~0

        • (2-10)

        • 0-/

        • ~11~(~ 1--/ ~ = ,. 15 111~ 1101~ ~0051301 01 30 ~1-- 1030.

        • (2-11 )

        • ~)(3111()1~ 2-1

        • 801111100 111~ ~3~~1011115 3(~ 5110~11 111 ~1~. 2-30.

        • 58~. 2-2

        • 17

    • page 36

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ()1 1

        • (2-12)

        • ~.

        • = /,, 510 0)(

        • 1(()

        • (2-13)

        • (2-14)

        • 1, = ~.)~

        • ()1 11.

        • (2-15)

        • (2-16)

        • 18

    • page 37

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • - .

        • 0) 35

        • (2-17)

        • 1 ((

        • (2-18)

        • ~,.3(11))1~ 2-2

        • 8011.11100 (3) 051118 /(/,.~/1/10/15 ~0/((18~ /(1 , (1(~1.,), ~~ ~311 ~~11~ 111~ ~()1.131101110~ 111~

        • (// 1

        • /(() = 1(0)~ 5111 ())(

        • 1,, = 170 /0/..., = 220 /20 = 110 ~

        • 58~. 2-3

        • 19

    • page 38

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • 5,

        • 0,

        • ,1 = ,,.~ = ,,. -/20 )( 80 = 125.66 ~5

        • ~0~ , = ,1 = 125.66 ~5, 1)~ (, = ,,) = 220 ~.

        • (// 1 (

        • (2-19)

        • (2-20)

        • 0110~.. 51~30~-5131~ ~01101110115, 111~ ~3))3~110.. 15 ~113..~~0 10 111~ 500..~~ 0113~~ ~5

        • 5,

        • +--

        • 0,

        • - .

        • 20

    • page 39

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

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        • Image 5

        • Image 6

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      • Titles

        • (2-21)

        • 2 1

        • (2-22)

        • ~

        • (2-23)

        • 51.1051111.1110~ 111.~5~ 1010 ~(). (2-22) ~1~105

        • (2-24)

        • (2-25)

        • (2-26)

        • (2-27)

        • (2-28)

        • 01111.~ ~1(~1.111. 111.~ (3110 01 ~/0)0 15 ~0(0(0001~ ~00~0 35 0.(1111~/118 ,(1(/0, 8.

        • (2-29)

        • 58~. 2-3

        • 21

    • page 40

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~)(301()1~ 2-3

        • 10~ 0~~1,,,311,,,~ 0~ /(() ~1,,,~5

        • 22

    • page 41

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

      • Titles

        • ,.

        • ,

        • (2-30)

        • +-

        • 1...

        • ~ ,

        • 58~. 2-4

        • 23

    • page 42

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • (2-31)

        • 0.12

        • ~11111011131 ~00011100 12 (1 = 0) = 11. 111~ 8011.11100 01 8().. (2-32) ~1~~8 111~ 1(~~-

        • (2-32)

        • 12(1) = 11~-(~/1- (2-33)

        • 111~ ~3~~10(018 10( 111~ ~1.1((~018 3(~ 8110~0 10 ~1~. 2-8~.

        • +-

        • 0.,,

        • 24

    • page 43

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (1110 (11 ( = (1, /0 = ~5(/1, = 220 )( 100/220 = 100~.

        • (2-34 )

        • 1)0 = 11,(1 + (1)

        • (2-35)

        • (2-36)

        • 58~. 2-5

        • 25

    • page 44

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • (0) (0~~1~8~9~1 ~~~~~11

        • (2-37)

        • ~5

        • (2-38)

        • 26

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 45

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • ~5 - - - - - - - - - -

        • 58~. 2-5

        • 27

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 46

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 1-- ~11 + ~5 = 0

        • (2-39)

        • ~111110111(11 ~00011100 11 (( = 0) = 10, (100 ~~ ~(10 501~~ 111~ ~0((~01 (15

        • (11.~

        • (11.~10

        • ~~301))1~ 2-5

        • 10 = 220 )( 250 = 44 ~

        • 10

        • 28

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 47

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 111~ (11)•,(1(5• ~(1111~ 01111~ 0111~111 (10(10) ~011(1~~, 1100

        • ~ 00 = 110-100

        • 111~ ,1115 ~(1111~ 01111~ 0111~111 ~11((~01, 1~,,..5

        • (2-42)

        • 58~. 2-7

        • 29

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 48

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (2-43)

        • ~00

        • (2-44)

        • 111~ 01.11~1.11 .,,011(1~~ ~(10 0~ ~00810~(~0 (18 0~10~ ~001~08~0 011~0 ~001~00~018~

        • (2-45)

        • (2-46)

        • 111~ 7//1/1/• 1(1((07, ~111~1118 (1 01~(181.1(~ 01111~ (1~~1~ ~001~01, 18 0~110~0 (18

        • (2-47)

        • 51.1081111.1110~ 8().. (2-45) 10 8().. (2-47), 111~ (1~~1~ 1(1~10( ~(10 0~ ~)(~(~88~0 (15

        • 111~ (7(1115107111•7 1-/(1111.(1(10111(1((07 18 0~110~0 (18

        • (2-48)

        • 10~ = ~00

        • (2-49)

        • 2 _ /2

        • 1/2

        • 1/2

        • (2-50)

        • (2-51)

        • (2-52)

        • 30

    • page 49

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • ~)(301()1~ 2-6

        • (2-53)

        • (2- 54)

        • (2-55)

        • (=

        • ~ ~

        • _ ~,0,, _ 0.5~,,,

        • (2-56)

        • (2-57)

        • 5 ~

        • 58~. 2-7

        • 31

    • page 50

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 32

    • page 51

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (2-58)

        • 2 (//2 217

        • (2-59)

        • ~)(301~1~ 2-7

        • 80/01100 ~(0111 8().. (2-59), 10~ 3..,~(3~~ 01.11~1.11 ..,0113~~ 15

        • ,,.

        • (2-60)

        • 58~. 2-8

        • 33

    • page 52

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • (2-61)

        • (~) 10.~ ~~3/( 1~~~15~ 010~/(111~ ~0113~~, ~1~ = 2~,,,.

        • ()31~0 10 1031 01 3 0311-~3~~ 1~~1111~1,

        • 34

    • page 53

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~,.301()1~ 2-8

        • ~

        • 11=1,2,...

        • (2-62)

        • 1 (2.. 2 (.. = 2~,,,

        • 58~. 2-8

        • 35

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 54

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • (2-63)

        • (2-64)

        • /70)~

        • 0 8.

        • (2-65)

        • (2-66)

        • 2 + (411,,,)2

        • ~011810~1111~ 0111)110.~ 10~~81-010~1 0.(111110111~ (/7 = 2), ~~ 0.(1~~

        • 1(~ = /30 = 0.481 = 0.05

        • ~ ~ ~(10 0011~~ ~1001 8(). (2-66) 111.(11 (10 1000~1(10~~ 10 111.~ 10(10 0~~~18 (1 11.1~11.

        • ~)(301()1~ 2.9

        • 36

    • page 55

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ~~1108,.,,911181

        • ...

        • (2-67)

        • 1~0 = 2~ 12,-, /1(() (/((0)() = 2~ 12,-, /~ (/((0)() = 0

        • ~)0 ~)0

        • (2-68)

        • 58~. 2-8

        • 37

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 56

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (2-69)

        • ~,,, 270 (~ + 2 8111 ~

        • (2-70)

        • 38

    • page 57

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • (2-71 )

        • 1,,, 210 ~ + 2 510 ~

        • ~~3(1))1~ 2-10

        • 58~. 2-9

        • 39

    • page 58

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (0.827~ ,,,)2

        • (~) ~(0(11 5().. (2-48), 111~ (1~~1~ 13~10(, ~~ = ~1.01652 - 1 = 0.1824 =

        • ~(0(11 5().. (2-49),

        • - 0.8272 -

        • 66

        • 2

        • (2-72)

        • ~)(301()1~ 2-11

        • 0~ = 0

        • = ().~~, ) 5111 (((/ - 1)70/().) + 5111 (((/ + 1)70/().)1

        • 70 (/2 - 1

        • 40

    • page 59

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 2(/ ~,,,

        • . 1170 70 1170 . 70

        • 0 = 11 8111 - (08 - - (08 - 8111 -

        • 00 = 700~(/~ ~) ((08 11(/70 8111 ~)

        • (2-73)

        • (2-74)

        • 00 ~

        • 51108111111111~ 111~ ,,,(1)11~ 01 00, ~~ 001(1111

        • 2 1170

        • (2-75)

        • . . .)

        • (2-76)

        • 58~. 2-10

        • 41

    • page 60

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ~-~

        • 2 (70/6

        • = -~,,, = 1.6542~,,,

        • (2-77)

        • (2-78)

        • (2-79)

        • (2-78)

        • 42

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 61

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~)(301().~ 2-12

        • (1.65421/,,,)2

        • (~) ~(001 ~(). (2-48), 111~ 0))))1~ (3~10(, ~~ = ~1.00072 - 1 = 0.0374 =

        • 58~. 2-10

        • 43

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 62

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • /5 = 0.7804/,,, = 0.7804 )( ~ ~

        • 10~ = 1.65422 = 0 45

        • 4 (~/6 2 71

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 63

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ~)(301())~ 2-13

        • 5-./6

        • 1/2 /

        • 111~ ~~3)( 111,,,~(5~ ,,,0113~~, ()1~ = ~ 1/,,, = ~ )( -0 )( 120 = 294 ~.

        • ~8 ---

        • ~

        • ~

        • ~

        • ~

        • ~

        • 58~. 2-11

        • 45

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 64

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ~,.301~1~ 2-14

        • 801111100 (3) 10~ ((115 ,,,3111~ 15 0~1111~0 35

        • ~0~(~ (05 = 270/5 = 31,415.93 (30/5, (1 = 70/(05 = 100 ~5, 3110 1 = 1//.

        • = 50.31 ~

        • (3

        • 2

        • = 29.05 ..4

        • (0) 10~ 3,,,~(3~~ ~11((~11115 1011110 1(0(11

        • (1 1

        • 1,

        • 13

        • 46

        • (2-81 )

        • (2-82)

        • (2-83 )

        • (2-84 )

        • (2-85)

        • (2-86)

        • (2-87)

        • (2-88)

        • (2-89)

    • page 65

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

      • Titles

        • 12. 79 ~

        • ~,.801()1~ 2-15

        • (2-90)

        • (2-91 )

        • (2-92)

        • 88~. 2-11

        • 47

    • page 66

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 10

        • ~~0111 ~().. (2-47) 10~ ~111111~ ~3~10~ 18 0~~111~0 38

        • 0~ (470/)2~.~. - 1 = 4.714 3110 ~. = 30.831111-1.

        • (2-93 )

        • (2-94)

        • (2-95)

        • 3,5,7, ~~0111

        • 48

    • page 67

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • (2-96)

        • 1) 1..2 6.( = ~2 6.1 (2-97)

        • 1

        • = 2/(~1 + ~2 + ~3)100

        • (2-98)

        • $8~. 2-12

        • 49

    • page 68

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • ~,.301()1~ 2-17

        • 28

        • 50

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 69

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 311 ~~~ (1.(11117

        • 51

    • page 70

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • 1, 12

        • -200 - - - -

        • 11 = 100,..5, 12 = 200,..5,

        • 52

    • page 71

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~ = 0.52

        • (6)

        • 53

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 72

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 54

    • page 73

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 1.. 01

        • 0,,,

        • 55

    • page 74

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 1. ~(110((11 ~011111101(111011

        • 56

    • page 75

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 1. 5~11-~011111101(111011

        • 58~. 3-3

        • 57

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 76

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 01 1

        • .

        • ~110.10.11131 ~00.011100. 1)~(( = 0) = 030.01(( = 0) = 0, 10.~ 50101100. 01 8(). (3-1)

        • (3-1 )

        • (3-2)

        • 30.0 10.~ ~3~3~110( ~0113~~ 35

        • (3-4)

        • 58

    • page 77

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (3-5)

        • 1)0(() = - ~0 (05 ~,,,( (3-6)

        • 8011111011 10~ ~~~~~1101 ~1.111~11118 ~)(~1~88~0 ~8

        • (// 1

        • 5•~. 3-3

        • 59

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 78

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • ,0~.

        • (3-7)

        • 0,,,

        • 60

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 79

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ,

        • ~

        • -~

        • ~0~

        • (3-8)

        • 58~. 3-3

        • 61

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 80

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 1,,,

        • 0,,,

        • ~)(3111()1~ 3-2

        • 0)

        • -1/()

        • 7)~(1) = 1/,(1 - 2~-(',,~)

        • 15 501,,,~0 35

        • 62

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 81

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~,.301))1~ 3-3

        • 10(0 = ~0 / ~ 5111 (01( + /,,, ~05 (01(

        • 111~ ~0113~~ 3~~055 111~ ~3~3~110~ 15 ~)(~~~55~0 35

        • (3-9)

        • 01

        • ~1

        • 58~. 3-3

        • 63

    • page 82

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • .(() ~ ~0 ~ .,0 .,~(

        • (3-10)

        • (3-12)

        • (, ~ ~8.0-, (~~)

        • 1)0 (1 = (1) = - ~1 = - ~0 ~08 0),,,11

        • (3-13)

        • (3-14 )

        • 0,,,

        • 64

    • page 83

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~~)

        • ~~~~~~~

        • (3-16)

        • 58~. 3-3

        • 65

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 84

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~~301))1~ 3-4

        • (1 = ~ 5111-1

        • 250 /~

        • = 5.192 ~5

        • 1

        • 30

        • ~ / 4

        • 200 ~ 30

        • (0~ = ~ = 91,287.1 (30/5

        • = 1.0095 ~5

        • (0~(1 = 0.0914 (30

        • 1/1 = 200 ~05 (0.0914) = 199.16 ~

        • ~~3111))1~ 3-5

        • (2 = ,,. ~ - (1 = ,,. ~ - 5.192 = 29.22 ~5

        • 66

    • page 85

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (~ = (2 - (1 = 29.22 - 5.192 = 24.03 ~5

        • (0)1,,, = 50,6..

        • (0,,, = 91,287.1 ~30/5

        • 172 = 200 ~05 (3.05) = -199.1 ~

        • (4 = (2 - (1 = 33.41 - 1.0095 = 32.41 ~5

        • 58~. 3-3

        • 67

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 86

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ~,.301))1~ 3-6

        • 11, = ~ 1 / ()( + 1)0 (( = 0) + ~/

        • 1)0(/) = 11$ (1 - 2~-(/~~~)

        • 501,,,~0 (15

        • 68

    • page 87

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 1~

        • 58~. 3-3

        • 69

    • page 88

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~/ 1 ( .

        • (3-17)

        • (3-18)

        • (3-19)

        • 70

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 89

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 0),,, = 1/~

        • (3-20)

        • (3-21 )

        • -1

        • (3-23)

        • (1 = 70 ~

        • 58~. 3-4

        • 71

    • page 90

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ~)(301())~ 3-7

        • ~)(301())~ 3-8

        • ~11((~111 10 (18~ 10 111~ 1~~~1 01 ))~3/( 1030 ~11((~111 /,,, 18 ~1~~11 0~

        • (3-25)

        • (3-26)

        • (3-27)

        • (3-28)

        • (3-29)

        • (3-30)

        • 72

    • page 91

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 501~111~ 10.~5~, 10.~ 0~111111.1111 ~0111.1~5 01 1- 01110 ~ 01(~

        • (3-31)

        • ~0( /,,, = 350~, ~0 = 200~, 01110 (4 = 20 ~5,

        • (3-32)

        • 73

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 92

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~)(301()1~ 3-9

        • ~()5. (3-7), (3-13), 3110 (3-14), 11110 ~(). (3-15),

        • 1- = 20.4 ~1-1 3110 ~ = 15.65 ~~.

        • 74

    • page 93

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 3-1. ~0.111 11(~ 10.~ 1~0 ~~11~(1111~))~5 01 ~011111111111110117

        • 3-1. 111 ~1~. 3-311, 10.~ 111111111 ~11))11~110( ..,01111~~, ~0 = 600 ~, ~11))11~111111~~, ~ = 40 , ~, 11110

        • 3-3. 10.~ ~1(~1111111 ~1~. 3-4 0.118 ~, 600 ~, ~0 = 0 ~, 1- = 20 , 1-1, ~ = 50 , ~, 111101,,,

        • 75

    • page 94

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • = 350~. 0~1~(11110.~ (8) 111~ ~~3~ ~3~3~110( ~01138~ 30.0 ~11((~0.1~ 30.0 (~) 111~ ~00.-

        • 76

    • page 95

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 77

    • page 96

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 78

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 97

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • ~00 = 2~ 1,,,70 ~,,, 5111 0)( (/(0)() = ~~ (-~05 0)()~

        • (4-1)

        • 17 _ ~,,,

        • (4-2)

        • ~,, = - = 0.5 1 + ~08 ~) (4-3)

        • 10~ (1118 01.11()1.11 ~011(1~~ 18 ~1~~11 0)1

        • 2~1,,,70 ~~811120)((/(0)/)

        • 1/2 =

        • ~~ 1,,,70 (1 _ ~0520)()(/(0)()

        • 1/2

        • = ~,,, (~( 10 _ ~ + 51~2~) ) 1/2

        • ~,.3(1)))~ 4-1

        • = (0.1592~,,,)2 = 2027%

        • 79

    • page 98

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 0.15922

        • (~) 10~ ~~3/( 111~~~5~ ~0113~~, .,1~ = ~~.

        • 111~ 3~~(3~~ 01.11.,1.11 ~0113~~ ~311 0~ 101.1110 1(0~

        • 2 (70

        • = ~,,, (1 + ~08 ~)

        • 2~,,,

        • 210 - ~08 ())( ~

        • (4-5)

        • 0.5(1 + ~08 ~)

        • (4-6)

        • 80

    • page 99

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • ,,0

        • ~0

        • 58~. 4-3

        • (4-7)

        • 81

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

    • page 100

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~)(301()1~ 4-2

        • ~

        • 11=1.2....

        • (4-8)

        • = 0

        • 2/~ .

        • 10( /1 = 1, 3, 5, . . .

        • = 0 10( /1 = 2, 4, 6, . . .

        • 2/~

        • 10( /1 = 1, 3, 5, . . .

        • ~

        • 11=1,2....

        • (4-9)

        • (4-10)

        • 111~ (1118 ~3.1~~ 01111~ /1111113.(1110(11~ ~0111~0(1~(11 01111~ 1(1~~1 ~~((~(11 18 0~(1~~0 3.8

        • 10 = . ,-,,,

        • (4-11)

        • 82

    • page 101

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ( 4-12)

        • 1/2

        • (4-13)

        • (4-14 )

        • ~~0111 ~~5. (2-50) ~110 (4-10),

        • (4-15)

        • /1 ~ 0 (1 + (05 ~)

        • (0) ~ = ,,./2 ~110 11,,, = 0 )( 120 = 169.83~. ~~0111 ~~. (4-5), 11~0 =

        • ,,. _ ~ + 5111 2~

        • 20/0 ,,.

        • (4-16)

        • ~1 =

        • 58~. 4-3

        • 83

    • page 102

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

    • page 103

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 2 (10 + 0

        • 2~,,,

        • ( 4-17)

        • ( 4-18)

        • ( 4-19)

        • ~)(301().~ 4-3

        • 111 ~1~. 4-33.

        • ~

        • 11=1.2....

        • (4-20)

        • 4/. .

        • 10( /1 = 1, 3, 5, . . .

        • = 0 10( /1 = 2, 4, . . .

        • 58~. 4-4

        • 85

    • page 104

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 41~

        • 10~ /1 = 1, 3, 5, . . .

        • =

        • ( 4- 22)

        • ( 4- 23)

        • ( 4- 24 )

        • 1 41 2 0 1~

        • ~~0111 ~~. (2-51) 111~ 11(1~1110111~ 1(1~10~ 15 1011110 (15

        • 86

        • ( 4- 25)

        • ( 4-26)

        • (4-27)

        • ( 4-28)

        • ( 4-29)

        • (4-30)

    • page 105

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (0) ()- = 71/3.

        • 71

        • ~~ = 0.5 ~11

        • ((

        • ~1 = -()-

        • 11~ = 1, ~05 - ()- = 0.45 1~~~111~

        • (100 10.~ 0.(1(111001~ 1(1~10( (~111(1105 ~0051(101 (11 48.34%.

        • 211,,,

        • (4-31 )

        • ( 4-32)

        • 58~. 4-5

        • 87

    • page 106

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 88

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 107

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~2 = 10 - ~1

        • ( 4- 33)

        • (4-34 )

        • 1. 111~ ~1(~111111111~ ~11((~111 (11111111111115 ~0111111110115 ~011011~110110100111 ~011~~(1~(5

        • ~)(3111())~ 4-4

        • 58~. 4-5

        • 89

    • page 108

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 2~,,,

        • 169.7

        • 1-7001 = 1-7111 (1 + ~05 ~1)

        • ( 4-35)

        • ( 4-36)

        • ( 4-37)

        • 11 00111 ~011~~(1~(5 3(~ 0~~(31111~~ ~1 = 0 3110 0 ~ ~2 ~ 10, 111~11

        • 10

        • ( 4-38)

        • 90

    • page 109

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (1110 111~ 1101111(1112~0 (1~~1(1~~ 0111~111 ~011(1~~ 15

        • 11(/111

        • ( 4-39)

        • 58~. 4-6

        • 91

    • page 110

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

      • Titles

        • 92

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 111

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • ( 4-40)

        • ( 4-41 )

        • ~00

        • (4-42)

        • ( 4-43)

        • ~00

        • ( 4-44 )

        • ~,.301()1~ 4-5

        • 58~. 4-6

        • 93

    • page 112

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • %

        • /1= 1,2....

        • 11

        • ~~0111 8(). (2-51),

        • 1/2

        • ~~0111 8()8. (2-50),

        • ~0

        • ~~0111 8(). (2-52),

        • 11 ~ 0 (1 + ~08 ~2)

        • (0) ~1 = 0311()~2 = 11/2. ~~01118(). (4-41),

        • 103.13 ~

        • 20 11

        • 1-1~ = ~ (~) 2 _ 1) 1/2 = 0.4835 0~ 48.35%

        • 94

        • (4-45)

        • ( 4-46)

        • ( 4-47)

        • ( 4-48)

        • ( 4-49)

        • ( 4-50)

    • page 113

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 11

        • .

        • 1-10(•. 111~ ~~(10(111(111(~ 01 5~(1~5 1011 (011~~(1~(5 15 51(1111(1( 10 111(11 01 5111~1~-

        • (4-51 )

        • (4-52)

        • 58~. 4-7

        • 95

    • page 114

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 96

        • ( 4-53)

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 115

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ,,. .

        • 311,,,

        • 10

        • 1100 = _

        • ( 4-51(1)

        • ( 4-52(1)

        • (4-53(1 )

        • ~)(301~1~ 4-6

        • 3 ~ 11,,, 169.83

        • 1/1~ (1.,~~(1~~ 011111111 .,011(1~~, 1100 = 0.5 )( 140.45 = 70.23 ~.

        • 9.47) = 54.95%.

        • ~0(~. 01.1~ 10 111~ 0~1(1)1 (11181~, ~, 111~ 11.1110(1~~111(11 ~0~()011~111 01111()1.11 1111~

        • 58~. 4-7

        • 97

    • page 116

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 117

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 110~ ~ /11 5111 ( ())( _ 2~)

        • 10~ ~0 ~5~01101118 1111~-10-1111~ ~01138~5 3..~

        • (4-54)

        • 5•~. 4-8

        • 99

    • page 118

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~ = ~0( = 0.5(1 + ~08 ~)

        • ~00

        • ~(~5 (2~ 1~/~/~~~ 3~~ 8102 (0)( _ ~) (/(0)()) 1/2

        • ~~301()1~ 4-7

        • 11~ = 0.5, 3110 ~ = 10 0. 111~ 1113)(111111111 0111~1.11 ~0113~~ 15

        • 69

        • 83

        • ( 4- 55)

        • ( 4-56)

        • (4-54(1 )

        • (4-55(1)

        • 169.83,

        • 11,1115 = ~ )( 169.83 (4~ (10 - ~ + 0.55111 2 )( 900) )1/2 = 180.13 ~

        • 100

  • 02.pdf

    • page 1

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • (0) ~(0111 5().. (2-44) 111~ (~~611~311011 ~111~1~11~~ 18

        • 0) = 180.13 )( 18.01 = 0.688 0( 68.8%

        • 1)/),, ~111 8111 (0)( _ 2~)

        • 10.~ ~0((~8~0110111~ 1111~-10-1111~ ..0113~~8 3(~

        • 58~. 4-9

        • 101

    • page 2

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 102

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

    • page 3

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ,,,-12+0. 1)(10 0(0)0 = ~

        • ,,,-12+0. 011111 5111

        • 0)( + ~

        • 6)

        • (4-57)

        • (4-58)

        • (4-59)

        • ~)(301()1~ 4-8

        • 3 ~

        • 1/2

        • 3110 111~ (1115 ~11((~111, /,,,,, = 159.29/10 = 15.93 ~.

        • 140.45 )( 14.05

        • 58~. 4-9

        • 103

    • page 4

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • ~~301..)~ 4-9

        • ~

        • 11=1,2,..

        • (4-60)

        • 41. . /171 .

        • 10~ /1 = 1,3,5, ...

        • = 0 10~ /1 = 2, 4, 6, ...

        • 71 )0

        • 1,3,5, ...

        • = 0 10~ /1 = 2, 4, 6, ...

        • (1 .

        • (4-61)

        • ( 4-62)

        • 104

    • page 5

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~

        • 2- (5,,/6+~ 1~ 0(())()

        • 1/2 = 1. /~

        • 11~ = ((~)2 _ 1)1/2 = ((~)2 _ 1)1/2 = 0.3108 0, 31.08%

        • 0~ = ~05 ~1 = ~05 -0.

        • 11 3

        • 58~. 4-10

        • 105

    • page 6

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 106

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 7

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 111~ ~0((~5()000108 110~-10-110~ .,,01138~5 3(~

        • .,,01138~ 3~(055 111~ 10011~10( 011(108 101~(.,,31 (,,./6 + ~1) =5 0)( =5 (,,./2 + ~1) 15

        • (4-63)

        • (4-64)

        • 10110~5~

        • 56~. 4-11

        • 107

    • page 8

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • 2. 5~111111~1(1~(1) (11181~ ~0111(01

        • ~51

        • ..,0

        • 0,,,

        • ~52

        • 108

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 9

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • (4-65)

        • ( 4-66)

        • 58~. 4-11

        • 109

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 10

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 110

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 11

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (4-67)

        • (4-68)

        • ~)(301())~ 4-10

        • ~

        • (4-69)

        • = 0

        • .. 1

        • 2-,,

        • . -1

        • 4/0. 11(3

        • 10( 11 = 1, 3, . . .

        • 1(()

        • ~

        • ,.,= 1,2,..

        • ( 4-70)

        • (4-71 )

        • 111~ ((115 ~3111~ 01111~ 11111113((110111~ 111~01 ~11((~111 15 151~~11 35

        • / = _

        • (./2 + /)2

        • (4-72 )

        • 5•~. 4-11

        • 111

    • page 12

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • ( 4-73)

        • 1=1

        • ~

        • 1/2

        • 1/2

        • - 12 - 4(1 - ~08 ~)

        • (4-74)

        • (4-75)

        • 0~ = ~08 ~1 = 1

        • (4-76)

        • ~~ =

        • (0) ~ = 10/3 (1110 0~ = 1.0. ~(0111 ~~. (4-67),

        • ( 4-77)

        • ~(0111 ~~. (4-68),

        • 1. = 1. ~ = 0.57741.

        • ~~ = ~ = 0.7797 (1(1~~111~)

        • 112

    • page 13

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ( 4-78)

        • ( 4-79)

        • 58~. 4-11

        • 113

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 14

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ( 4-80)

        • (4-81 )

        • (4-82 )

        • 114

    • page 15

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~)(301))1~ 4-11

        • 58~. 4-12

        • 115

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 16

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~~301))1~ 4-12

        • ~

        • ~=2,4,..

        • ( 4-83)

        • 7, = ~ + 1(11(()/.,) = (~2 + (11(()/.,)2)1/2 ~

        • 81~~11~~111~ 111~ 8111~ 3110 ~08111~ 1~~~8 ~1~~ 111~ 111813111311~0118 1030 ~11~~~111 35

        • ~

        • 11=2,4...

        • ( 4-84)

        • 1 ((1~ + 0~)1/2

        • (0) 1~ ~ = 70/3, ~ = 10~, /., = 20 ~1-1, ~ = 1011, (()

        • /00 = 10 = 4.40 1-.

        • 116

    • page 17

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 11-(() = 4.4 + 70(~2 +2~~(1)1-)2)1/2 (1.2 5111 (2(1)( + 223.90 - 56.450)

        • 2 )( 169.71

        • 2 )( 169.71

        • 1.2

        • 12 = 70(102 + (7.54 )( 2)2)1/2 0 = 5.07 ~

        • ~1.1~~~111-01...10~~ ~1.11~, 10.~ 0.3~~0111~ ~1.1~~~11110.~01.1~0.10.~ 1030 15 ~1...~11 0~

        • ~0~ 11 = 23110 (1)= 377,

        • 10 ~102 + (2 )( 7.54 - 1/(2 )( 377~))2~1/2 .

        • 58~. 4-13

        • 117

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 18

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (4-86)

        • ~~ = ~•111/ - ~00(~) (4-87)

        • (4-89)

        • ~~301))1~ 4-13

        • 118

    • page 19

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 80101100 11,,, = ~ )( 230/~ = 187.79 ~ (1110 11,/,,, = 310.6~. ~10111 ~~. (4-57),

        • (4-90)

        • (~~1111~(8.

        • 1. ~. ~. 5~11, 71/)1,./.5(0,.1)~ 1),.1))~5. ~~~ ~01/(= ~11~~-10.~~18~1~11~~, 1981.

        • 119

    • page 20

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 120

        • 3. ~. 0. ~10~35, ..0~11(111.1(11 0113~~ 3110 /13((110111( (0111(01 ~~~ 1~(/1111().1.1~5 10( 3-~/135~

        • ~/131 15 3 11311.1(31 0( 1111~ (0(11(111.11360117

        • ~(1~(57

        • 111 3 01.131-(011 ~(1~( 5)151~(117

        • 3(-0( (011 ~(1~(57

    • page 21

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~113115 511111501031 ~1115~-~10111-11100111311011 ~0111(01 01 3 ~011..,~(1~(7

        • 121

    • page 22

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 4-19. ~~))~~1 ~~00. 4-16 (0~ 10.~ 10.~~~-))0.35~ 5~1111~011..,~~1~~ 111 ~1~. 4-8~.

        • 4-21. ~~))~~1 ~~00. 4-17 (0~ 10.~ 10~~~-))0.~5~ 5~1111~011..,~~1~~ 111 ~1~. 4-83.

        • 122

    • page 23

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 111~111 ~0~~( 13~10(.

        • 123

    • page 24

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 5-1 /~~~000~~/0~

        • 124

    • page 25

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 58~. 5-2

        • 125

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 26

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~ (70 /2 811120)10(0)1)

        • 1/2 = ~ (5-1)

        • 5111~~ ~3~11 111)1(1810( ~3((1~8 ~0((~111 10( 0111)1 011~-11311 ~)1~1~, 111~ 3~~(3~~ ~0((~111

        • (5-2)

        • 3110 111~ ((118 ~0((~111 01 ~3~11 111)1(1810( 18

        • ..,

        • ~

        • 126

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 27

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ..,

        • --------

        • ~0

        • ~ 0100~ 0(10~~ (~~1111~( 3110 3 10)1(1510( 11 35 500~11 111 ~1~. 5-43 ~311 ~~(10(111

        • 5~/((/1.

        • 0~113.

        • 58~. 5-4

        • 127

    • page 28

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 128

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 29

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 58~. 5-4

        • 129

    • page 30

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

      • Titles

        • 130

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 31

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (5-4)

        • (5-5)

        • ~0~(~ 0.) = 1/~ 1.,~.

        • 58~. 5-6

        • 131

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 32

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ,,0

        • --1 .~ ~1,0

        • , - - - , ~5

        • (.., )

        • ~1

        • 132

    • page 33

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ~)(801())~ 5-1

        • 5•~. 5-8

        • 133

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 34

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 80101100 /10 = 5000 ~, ~11 = 0.88, 3110 ~$ = 120~.

        • 169.7 ~.

        • ~1(301))1~ 5-2

        • 20,000

        • 762.1 ~.

        • 134

    • page 35

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 5-3.

        • ~1131 3~~ 111~ 30..,31113~~5 01 51311~ 5~11~11~5 0..,~~ 111~~113111~31 0~ ~1~~1~0111~~113111~31

        • ~1131 3~~ 111~ 30..,31113~~5 3110 01530..,31113~~5 01111..,~~5~-~3~311~1111~~1510~ 3~ 5~11~11~5 7

        • 111~~1510~ 11 1~0111 111~ 51~30~-5131~ ..,3111~ 10 2~~0.

        • 135

    • page 36

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 10 2~(0 (111~( 111~ 11(111~ 01111~(1810( 12.

        • 136

    • page 37

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 1. 011-011 ~0111(01

        • 01111~111 .,,01138~.

        • 137

    • page 38

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~0 = (210(1111+ 111) 102-.. 2~~ 8102 0)( •/(0)() )1/2

        • ~1(801~.~ 6-1

        • (6-1)

        • 138

    • page 39

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 1.0

        • 0.8

        • 0.6

        • 0.4

        • 0.2

        • 801111100 ~ = 10 0, ~5 = 120 ,, ~,,, = -0 )( 120 = 169.7 ,,300 /( = 11/(11 + /11.)

        • ~ = ~ . 1( = ~ / 11 = 120 (25 = 60 ,

        • 300 111~ ~1115 1030 ~11~~~0115 10 = ~)~ = 60/10 = 6.0 /1...

        • = ~0.25 = ~~~ = 0.5 (13~~10~)

        • (6-2)

        • 16.97 /1... 111~

        • 58~. 6-2

        • 139

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 40

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • /1

        • ~

        • 210 111 + /1 0

        • ((6- 3)

        • 18 =

        • /1 (~ 1~ 81112 0)/ ()(0)/)

        • 1/2 = 1,,. / ~ = 1,,. ~

        • = 16~97 )( ~0.25 = 4.24 ~

    • page 41

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 110 ~ (2~ ()~ 211~ 8.0, .,, 0(.,,) + )~. 211~ 5.0, .,, .1(.,,)1 1 ,~

        • 111~ ~~~(~8~ ~~111~ 01 0111~111 ~011~8~ 15

        • (6-6)

        • ~,.301))1~ 6-2

        • 80101100 ~ = 10 0., ~5 = 120 ,, ~ = 70/2, 311() ~,,, = 0 )( 120 = 169.7 ,.

        • (/)) 10.~ (1115 103() ~11((~111,

        • 110 = /~~ = 10.3922 )( 10 = 1079.94 ~

        • (6-7)

        • 58~. 6-3

        • 141

    • page 42

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • (~) ~(0111 .6(). (6-6), 111~ 3 ~(3~~ 0111~111 0113~~,

        • 3110 111~ 3 ~(3~~ 111~111 ~11((~111,

        • 0 - ~ -

        • -2.7 ~

        • ,.,,0(~. 111~ 0~~311 ~ 81~0 0~ 10 81~01~1~8 11131 111~ 10~111 ~11((~01 ()11(10~ 111~

        • 111~ ~(001~(0 0~ ()~ 10~111 ~11((~01 ~30 0~ ~(~ ~01~() 0~ 11810~ 01()1(~~110031 (0( ~1111-

        • 110 = (2~ 1,.,, 211~ 8102 ())( (/( ())() )

        • 810 2(1

        • 1/2

        • 5102

        • 13~ 3(~10~ (1 ~(0(0 0 10 10, 110 ~30 0~ 3(1~() ~(0(0 115 10 0.

        • ~ 810~1~-~1138~ ~1111-~3 ~ ~001(011~( ~30 3180 0~ 1(0~1~(0~01~() ~111100~ 111~(1810(

        • 142

    • page 43

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • ~,.301()1~ 6-3

        • 58~. 6-4

        • 143

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 44

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 120

        • ~,4. = ~/$ = ~ /0 = 120 )( 8.485 = 1018.2 ~

        • -.. _ 0. + 5111 20.

        • ))

        • 1/2

        • 70

        • (1

        • - ~ - 1018.2 - . 7 (1~~111~

        • (6-9)

        • 1 (,,

        • ~~$

        • 2-.. )( 10

        • 2~2 (,,

        • (6-10)

        • 144

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 45

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • = ~,~ (~( ~ _ ~ + 51022~) )1/2

        • 2 )( 10

        • (6-11 )

        • ,,

        • 58~. 6-5

        • 145

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 46

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 1- ~~ + ~11 = 0 ~. 510 ())( (6-12)

        • (6-13)

        • 0~.

        • 81.1051111.1110001..41 1(001 ~(). (6-14) 10 ~(). (6-13) )11~105

        • ( 6-15)

        • 510 (~ - 6) = 510 (~ - 6)•(~/1.)(()(-(3)/0) (6-16)

        • 146

        • ( 6-17)

        • (6-18)

        • (6-19)

    • page 47

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 111~ 3~~(3~~ ~311.1~ 01111)1(1510( ~1.1((~111 ~311 3150 0~ 101.1110 1(0111 ~(). (6-15) 35

        • ~

        • ~ 11

        • ( 6- 21 )

        • 1-/ 0(~5

        • (6-22)

        • (6-23)

        • (6-24)

        • ~,.301())~ 6-4

        • 58~. 6-5

        • 147

    • page 48

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~0 1134.200 .

        • 148

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 49

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 1)/1.1-/ = ~ ~5 510 0)(

        • (6-25)

        • 1)/1.8 0 ~ ~5 .

        • 10

        • 1),,11 = 2 = 2 510 0)( + (5

        • (6-26)

        • 58~. 6-6

        • 149

    • page 50

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 93

        • 95

        • 150

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 51

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • (6-27)

        • (6-28)

        • (6-29)

        • 58~. 6-6

        • 151

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 52

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (6-30)

        • ~~301()1~ 6-5

        • 152

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 53

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~0 = 3/~~ = 3 )( 11.0862 )( 10 = 3686.98 ~

        • 510.~~ 10.~ )030 18 ~00.0.~~1~0 10. ..,.,,.,,~, 10.~ ~0.35~ ~0..(~0.118 ~()03) 10 10.~ 110.~ ~0 ~0.1, /1-

        • ~0 3686.98

        • ~~ = ,~ = 3990.96 = 0.924 13~~10.~

        • 810. (1)1 = 169.7510. (1)1, 10.~ 10.5130.130.~008 10.~01110.~ .,,0113~~5 3..~

        • 1)~~ = 0

        • (1.

        • 58~. 6-6

        • 153

    • page 54

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 7) ~~ = -0~5 8111 ~(

        • 111~ 11181(1111(111~0118 111()111 1111~ ..,011(1~~8 (1(~

        • 111~ ~(1..,~10(1118 10( 111~ 111()111 ..,011(1~~8, ~011011~11011 (111~1~8 01111~(1810(8, (1110

        • 154

    • page 55

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 001~01 ~0(18~ 011(1~~8 (1(~ 800~0 10 ~1~. 6-13 10( ~ = 600 (100 ~ = 1200. ~0( 0 ~

        • (6-31 )

        • 0

        • 1~~~~~1~~~1

        • ~ 0.5,,,...~ ~ ~

        • 0 ~

        • (1

        • 58~. 6-7

        • 155

    • page 56

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 110 = (2~ 12,, ~~,, 0(0)() )1/2

        • (1

        • ,,/3 8102 0)/ (/(0)/) + (,,/2 +,,, 810

        • 2,,/3 8102 0)/

        • (/(0)/) + - (/(0)/)

        • + (,, 8102 0)/ (/(0)/) 111/2

        • (6-32)

        • (6-33)

        • ( 6- 34 )

        • ~,.301)))~ 6-6

        • ((1) ~10111 (6-32) 1/1~ 11115 001()111 ()/1(15~ ..,011(1~~ 15 110 = 100.9~.

        • 110 = 3/~~ = 3 )( 10.092 )( 10 = 3054.24 ~

        • 156

    • page 57

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~0 3054.24

        • ~~ = ,/1... = 3632.4 = 0.84 13.~~111~

        • 1)-48 = 2080 5111 ( 0)( + ~) = 294.2 5111 ( 0)( + ~)

        • 1)00 = 0

        • 5•~. 6-8

        • 157

    • page 58

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 1)/1./3 = 1)0/) = ~~55100.)(

        • 1/2

        • (6-35)

        • = ~5 (~ ( 70 _ ~ + 510 2 2~) ) 1/2

        • 01 0~1(1)1 (10~1~ 15

        • ( 6-36)

        • (6-37)

        • 158

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 59

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 0

        • ~.

        • 58~. 6-8

        • 159

    • page 60

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 1.

        • 1.

        • 1.

        • 1(1,, = (1~ + 1~ + 1~ + 1~ + 1~ + 1~1 + . . .)1/2 (6-38)

        • (6-39)

        • (6-40)

        • ~)(301)))~ 6-7

        • ~0( 0 ~ (,)( -( 7//3~ 1.0 = 0

        • 160

    • page 61

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • /06 = 1,,, 5111 ())(

        • /00 = 1,,, 5111 (())( - 4-../3)

        • /00 = 0

        • 11.. = 10 = 13.18~

        • , ~ = 3~/)1.. = 3 )( 208 )( 9.32 = 5815.7

        • 110 2605.900

        • ~~ = ,~ = 5815.7 = 0.448 1(1~~111~

        • (~) 111~ 111~(1510( ~11((~111 ~(111 0~ 0~1~((11111~01(0(11111~ 1111(15~ ~11((~111,

        • ~ ~ ~ .

        • ~011(1~~ 15

        • 58~. 6-9

        • 161

    • page 62

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 1)2 = -0 112 510 (1)(

        • )/2

        • ( 6-41 )

        • 162

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 63

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (6-42)

        • ~001,.0~ ,.3098 3= ~1 ~ ~0 ~ (~1 + ~2). 10)1(1810( 13 18 111(0~0 00 (11 ())(

        • 5•1~. 6-9

        • 163

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 64

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • ~0= (2~102701)6(/(0)())1/2

        • 0~1

        • ~11~(~ 7, = (~2 + (0)1.)2)1/231106 = 1311-1 (0)0~).

        • ~~301())~ 6-8

        • 80)1.11100 110 = 180~, 11,, = 240~, 111 = 120~, 112 = 120~, 31108. = 100.

        • 164

    • page 65

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~

        • 0=(3-8 ~

        • ~ (-- 2(171 + 172)2511120)((/(0)1)

        • 1/2

        • 70 _ ~ + 5111 2~

        • (~) 111~ 11115 ~1.111~111 011111~151015 13 (1110 14 15 101.1110 110111

        • = 6.51-...

        • (6-44)

        • (6-45)

        • /1 = ((0/81)2 + (0/83)2)1/2 = 17.941-...

        • 10(10 ~0~~1, ,,0 = ~6/ 8. = 3240 ~, (1110 111~ ~0~~1 1(1~101,

        • 1 .

        • ~~ = ~ 1 = 4000.8 = .8 98 (1~~111~

        • 58~. 6-9

        • 165

    • page 66

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ( 6-46)

        • 166

    • page 67

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • _ _ _ .-.1 ~(0()11 (~~(10(.

        • 58~. 6-10

        • 167

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 68

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~~301)))~ 6-9

        • 80)01100 115 = 120 ,,1. = 601-12, /0 = 201-12, 8. = 5 0, 1- = 40 1111-1, ~,, = 2,,,./3,

        • 1/2

        • = 53 ,

        • (6-47)

        • = _

        • 168

    • page 69

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ~0

        • 1. = 60~2

        • -.,0

        • 58~. 6-10

        • 169

    • page 70

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ,..,

        • ,..,.

        • 2-0~5

        • (6-49)

        • (100 ~(). (6-49) ~1~~5 10~ ((05 ~(1111~ 0~ 0111~111 ~011(1~~ (15

        • ( 6-50)

        • 170

    • page 71

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~1(301~1~ 6-10

        • 0~$

        • 5~~. 6-10

        • 171

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 72

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~0 = ~010 (05 6 = 0.6366~)0 (05 6 = 580.25 ~.

        • 44

        • = 1292.4 = 0. 9 13~~111~

        • (6-51 )

        • 1/2

        • ( 6-52)

        • ~,.301~1~ 6-11

        • 172

    • page 73

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (11) ~10111 8().. (6-10), 1/1~ 111(1)(11111.1111 (1,,,~1(18~ ~1.111~111 011/1~1151015,

        • /,,.,,.,,, = 70 )( 5.29 = 19.57 ~

        • ~)(301()1~ 6-12

        • ~ ~

        • (6-53)

        • = 01(,

        • =0 101/1=2,4,...

        • 70)~

        • = 01(5

        • 101/1 = 3, 5, ...

        • (6-55)

        • =0

        • 101/1 = 2,4, ...

        • 0,/0

        • 58~. 6-11

        • 173

    • page 74

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • (6-56)

        • ( 6-57)

        • 7, = 8. + 1(/1001,) = (8.2 + (/1001,)2)1/2 ~

        • 51111~111)1111~ ~0.~ 5111~ 311() ~05111~ ~~(1115 ~1~~ ~0.~ 103() ~1.1((~11~ 35

        • ~

        • 11=2,4,...

        • ( 6-58)

        • 1 ((1~ + 6~)1/2

        • /0(() = (16.065111 (00( - 32.480 - 370) + 4.375111 (300( + 900 - 66.150)

        • (~) ~1~1.1(~ 6-27 50.0~5 ~0.~ ~~1.11~31~11~ ~1(~1.11~ 10( 0.3(1110111~ ~1.1((~11~. 05111~ ~0.~

        • ~ _ %0

        • 174

    • page 75

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~/1~~~ %0 = 1/(1/0)0. ~0~ 1/ = 3 (1110 0) = 377,

        • 1,, = (52 + (3 )( 3.77 - %0)2)1/2 = 0.1

        • ~.

        • (8)

        • (0)

        • 58~. 6-12

        • 175

    • page 76

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 6-1. ~11(11 (1(~ 111~ (10.,,(1111(1~~5 (1110 015(10.,,(1111(1~~5 01 011-011 ~0111(017

        • 176

    • page 77

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 6-9.

        • 6-24.

        • 6-25.

        • 6-28.

        • 177

    • page 78

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 178

    • page 79

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 6-28.

        • ~0( ~(00. 6-24, 11101111~ 111~111110~~( 13~10( 3~311151111~ 0~13~ 311~1~.

        • 6-27.

        • 179

    • page 80

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 180

    • page 81

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~0

        • _11_

        • ..

        • -11--12

        • 1

        • ()

        • 0( = - ~ = .((

        • (7-1)

        • /(, 1

        • /(,1)2 ,.~

        • (7-3)

        • 10.~ ~11~~11~~ 10~1.11 (~5151(10~~ 5~~0 0)110.~ 501.1(~~ 15

        • / 10 /(~/~ /(

        • (7-4)

        • 58~. 7-2

        • 181

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 82

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~~3111))1~ 7-1

        • /,, ~ 0 = ~

        • = 0.5 )( (2201~ 2)2 = 2376.2 ~

        • (7-5)

        • /,, ~. 0 = ~

        • /,, ~$(~$ - 1)0~) 0 = /( ~$(~$ - 1)0~)

        • 220-2

        • (7-6)

        • (0) ~(0111 13(). (7-4), ~, = 10/0.5 = 200.

        • (18

        • 1)1(1) = ~$ (8111 2-../( ~08 2-../1 + (1 - ~08 2-../() 810 2-../1)

        • (7-8)

        • 220 )( 2 .

        • (100 118 (1118 ...(1111~ 18 ~1 = 140.06/0 = 99.04 ~.

        • 182

    • page 83

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

      • Titles

        • ~0

        • 0,,,

        • 5~ +

        • 0-/1

        • 111~ 801111100 01 ~().. (7-9) ~11111011131 ~11 ~01 /1 (1 = 0) = /1 ~1~~8 111~ 1030 ~11 ~01

        • (7-9)

        • (7-10)

        • (7 -11)

        • 0,,,

        • ~ 1 ~

        • ,..

        • 58~. 7-3

        • 183

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 84

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • (7-12)

        • (7-13)

        • (7 -14)

        • ~(0(11 8~5. (7-13) (1110 (7-14), 13 15 ~1~~11 0~

        • (7 -15)

        • (7-16)

        • 10~ ~~(1~-10-~~(1~ (1~~1~ ~1.1((~111 15

        • ~01~0 (111~( 51(11~1111~(1110115 0~~0(11~5

        • 10~ ~0110111011 10( (11(1)(1(111.1(11 (1~~1~,

        • (7-17)

        • (7-18)

        • ~5 ~

        • (7-19)

        • (7-20)

        • 184

    • page 85

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 11 - ~

        • 300 ~().. (7-13) 15.,,3110 10( 0 ~ ( ~ (2 50~1111131 12(( = (2)

        • 0.

        • ~)(301()1~ 7-2

        • (3) 501.,,111~ 111~8~ 1~0 ~().113110118 ~1~108 /1 = 18.37 ~.

        • (7-21)

        • /5 = /(/0 = 0.5 )( 22 = 11 ~

        • (7-22)

        • 58~. 7-3

        • 185

    • page 86

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ~1(801())~ 7-3

        • 0/

        • 3110 111.1$ ~1...~$ 111~ ()~3)(-10-()~3)( (1()()1~ ~11((~111111 111~ 111011~10( 38

        • (7-23)

        • (1

        • 11 3 13(~~ ~3()3~110(, ~ ~, 18 ~01111~~1~0 3~(088 111.~ 1030 38 811.0~11 0)1 03811.~0 1111~$

        • (7-24)

        • 186

    • page 87

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 0(

        • 58~. 7-4

        • (7-25)

        • (7-26)

        • 187

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 88

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

        • Image 14

        • Image 15

      • Titles

        • (~) ~~~~1/8(9.,10~~0~/15

        • , 1 ~ ,

        • (0) ~~~~9.,11(,/81/910~~5

        • (7-27)

        • 0(

        • (7-28)

        • (7-29)

        • 188

    • page 89

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 58~. 7-6

        • 189

    • page 90

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • (7-30)

        • (7 -31)

        • (7-32)

        • /11 1.

        • ~11~..~ /1118 111~ ~~3/(-10-~~3/( ..1~~1~ ~11 ~111 01111~ 111011~10.., 1.. ~~1131111~ 111~ ~3111~

        • 1. 1.

        • 190

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 91

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • ~.

        • 0,,,

        • 58~. 7-6

        • ~.. ~.

        • 01

        • 0,,,

        • ~.

        • 191

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 92

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (7-34)

        • 1 /11 1-- /11 1-- /11 1-- ~5

        • (7-35)

        • (7-37)

        • (7-38)

        • /11

        • 1)~ = ~ 1 /~ 0.1 + 1)0 (1 = 0)

        • 3110 111~ ~~3~-10-~~3~ (1~~1~ ~0113~~ 0110~ ~(1~3~110( 15

        • /1 ~~ = 1)~ - 1)~ (1 = 0) = ~)0 40.1 = 8~ = 8/~

        • ~ 81--~/2~5

        • (7-39)

        • (7-40)

        • (7 -41)

        • 192

    • page 93

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~)(301()1~ 7-4

        • (3) ~1001 ~(). (7-34), 1/~ = /(1/~ 3110 /( = 1/)1/, = 5/12 = 0.4167.

        • 0.8 )( 25,000 )( 12

        • 7-6.2 80051 ~99~~810..5

        • (7-42)

        • /).1 1.,

        • (7-43)

        • (7 -44)

        • 56~. 7-6

        • 193

    • page 94

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • (7-45)

        • 194

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 95

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • $110811111110~ (1 = /(1 (100 (2 = (1 - /()1 ~1~108 111~ (1~~((1~~ 0111.,111 ~011(1~~,

        • ~,, = 1 - /(

        • (7-46)

        • (7-47)

        • 111~ 8~11~1110~ .,~(100 1 ~(10 0~ 101100 1(001

        • 1 = - = (1 + (2 = - +

        • //..,~,,

        • (7-48)

        • (7-49)

        • (7-50)

        • (7-51)

        • (7-52)

        • (7-53)

        • 58~. 7-6

        • 195

    • page 96

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~,.3111~1~ 7-5

        • /1~ = 5 )( (15 - 5) 0 89 ~

        • (0) ~(0(11 ~().. (7-53),

        • 0.5 )( 0.6667

        • 2, )( 20)( 1 -

        • (7-54)

        • (7-55)

        • 196

    • page 97

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

      • Titles

        • ~0

        • 58~. 7-6

        • (7-56)

        • (7-57)

        • 197

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 98

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 5110511111110~ (1 = /(7 (100 (2 = (1 - /() 7, 111~ (1~~..(1~~ 0111.,111 ~011(1~~ 15

        • ,, 1 - /(

        • (7-58)

        • (7-59)

        • 111~ 5~11~1110~ ()~..100, 7, ~(10 0~ 101100 1..0111

        • 7 = - = (1 + (2 = - - - =

        • (7-60)

        • (7-61)

        • (7-62)

        • ~11~0 1..(1051510.. (21 15 00, 111~ 1111~.. ~(1()(1~110.. 511()()11~5 111~ 10(10 ~11 ~0110.. ( = (1-

        • (7-63)

        • ~~11(11100 (7-58) ~1~~5 (1 = 11)(11,, - 1(5)1) (100 ~~. (7-63) 0~~0111~5

        • 0 - (11,, - 1(5)1~

        • (7-64)

        • (7-65)

        • 198

    • page 99

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • ~)(301()1~ 7-6

        • 1.25 )( 0.25

        • 12 )( 0.25

        • 56~. 7-6

        • 199

    • page 100

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • ~6 - - - - - -

        • ...

        • 1

        • - ~11~2

        • ...

        • 200

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 101

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (7-66)

        • 01

        • _ 6.11~1

        • 300 011~ 10 111~ ~1131~~0 ~3113~1101 ~1, 111~ ~1111~01 0110011~101 ~1 13115 110~3(1)1110111

        • (7-67)

        • (7-68)

        • 01

        • (7-69)

        • 5110511111110~ (1 = /(7300 (2 = (1 - /()7, 111~ 3~~13~~ ~0113~~ 01 ~3113~1101 ~1 15

        • (7-70)

        • (7 -71)

        • 01

        • 6.12 ~2

        • 300 111~ ~1111~01 0110011~101 ~2 13115 110~3(1)1110111 11-22 10 11-21 10 11111~ (2,

        • (7-72)

        • (7-73)

        • (7-74)

        • 58~. 7-6

        • 201

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 102

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • ~..0111 8()8. (7-71) 3110 (7-73),

        • 5~()8111~1111~ (1 = /(73110 (2 = (1 - /()7, 111~ 3~~..3~~ ~0113~~ 01 ~3()~~110.. ~1 18

        • (7-75)

        • 7-76

        • (1 1 _ /(

        • ~~ ~111,

        • / = ~

        • 7-77

        • 51_/(

        • (7

        • 78)

        • 7 = - = (1 + (2 = - + -

        • ~111~11 ~1~~8 111~ ()~3~-10-()~3~ ..1()()1~ ~~ ~111 011110~~10.. 1.,1 38

        • (7-79)

        • 111~ 8~11~11111~ ()~..100 7 ~311 3180 ()~ 10~110 1..0111 8()8. (7-72) 3110 (7-74)=

        • 3110 11118 ~1~~8 111~ ()~3~-10-()~3~ ..1()()1~ ~~ ~111 011110~~10.. 1.2 38

        • (7-80)

        • (7-81)

        • (7-82)

        • (7-83)

        • 202

    • page 103

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 10-~~(1~ ..1~~1~ ~011(1~~ 0~ 111~ ~(1~(1~110.. ~1 18

        • ~ ~~1 = ~1)0 /~1 0( = ~1)0 /5 = ~~

        • (7-84)

        • (7-85)

        • _ /.(1 - /()

        • 1~ ,,.~ (1881.1111~ 111(11 111~ 10(10 ~1.1 ~111 ..1~~1~, ~10, 18 11~~11~101~, ~11-2

        • 1 (1/2 1 (1/2 ~/2 ~/2

        • (7-86)

        • (7-87)

        • _ ~,,(1 - /() _ /(~5

        • (7-88)

        • ~~301())~ 7-7

        • 58~. 7-6

        • 203

    • page 104

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • (7-89)

        • /0

        • 1.25

        • (7-90)

        • ~.. ,,,,

        • 0,,,

        • 204

    • page 105

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • . .7

        • ~ .

        • 10~ ~~(1~ ~(1111~ 0~ (~5011(1111 (~~~(5(11 ~11((~111 15

        • (7 -91)

        • /, = ~) ~

        • 1)0(1) = 110 ~05 ()),.,,1

        • (7-92)

        • (7-93)

        • ~008 4

        • 58~. 7-7

        • 205

    • page 106

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~0~..~ (1),., = 1/ /1.,.,~. ~(1~.. 6111~ (= (. = 70 /1.,.,~, 10~ ~3~3~110.. ~0113~~ 18

        • 11~~

        • (7-94)

        • ~0~..~ /,., 18 10~ ~~3~ 1030 ~11 ~01. 10~ ~1..~1111111..0-0(( 6111~, (1/, 1111181 0~ ~..~31~..

        • 11.~

        • (7 -95)

        • (7-96)

        • (7 -97)

        • .0(/) ~ 11, + /~ ~ ~ 510 .../ (7-98)

        • 0~~0111~8 2~..0 300 10~ ~3~3~110.. 18 ..~~03..~~0 10

        • (7-99)

        • ~11=/ /1.. (7-100)

        • 206

    • page 107

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ((/) = - ~ 11 ) (1., ~ 1.~) 810 00~/

        • 1)0(() = ~.., - /1 ~(1 - ~05 (,),,() (7-102)

        • (7-101)

        • (7-103)

        • 11111~(~ 15 00 0~~(~113(~~, 111~(~ ~111 001 0~ (0)11.100~(~113(~~.

        • ~0 = ~ (~5/(1 + ((/ ~ (~0 + ~5)) (7-104)

        • (7-105)

        • (_ = /(10101 = ~ //..,,,,~ (7-106)

        • (7-107)

        • (7-108)

        • 58~. 7-7

        • 207

    • page 108

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (7-109)

        • (7-110)

        • 208

    • page 109

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • ~)(301()1~ 7-8

        • ~, = ~~ = ~, = 220~. ~10111 ~(). (7-94), 10.~ 111111-0111~()1111~01~111 ~1,,,~5

        • 1,, = 1.8 )( 450 - 450 = 220 /40

        • (, = ,,-((14.94 )( 40) )( 10-6)1/2 = 76.8 ~5

        • ~0(,,,3.) = 0.984 )( 220 + 0.5 )( 39.12 )( 10-6 )(

        • 58~. 7-7

        • 209

    • page 110

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~)(801()1~ 7-9

        • 1-/01~. 111~ 111(11-0(( (~()111(~111~111 0( 111~ 1113111 111)1(1510( 15 19 /-15, ~11~(~35 111~

        • 210

    • page 111

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • + ,,. .1

        • 0,,,

        • ~~ = ~.., = ~5 + ~~ (7-111)

        • 56~. 7-7

        • 211

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 112

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

      • Titles

        • ~ .

        • ,.,0081

        • ~.

        • 0,,,

        • (7-112)

        • (7-113)

        • 212

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 113

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (7-114)

        • (.1,,., _ 17 1.-,,.,1~

        • - 2~ - 0 - 2~~0

        • (7-115)

        • ~1~

        • 10.~ 6111~ (~~01(~0 ~0( 10.~ ~(1~(1~110( 10 (~~0.(1(~~ 10 10.~ 80~~1~ ~011(1~~,

        • (7-116)

        • (7 -117)

        • 58~. 7-7

        • 213

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 114

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • -----

        • (7-118)

        • ~~ ~ 1. )1-. ~ 1-, (7-119)

        • 10(10 ~~ ~01 ~00110~~8 10 0~~(1~ ~0111111~ 01(110 111~..1810.. 18 ..~11..~0 10 111~ 0~)(1 ~~~1~.

        • 110 = 1- (11./(1 + 11.((. + (..,) + 0.5(,/(111 + 11.))

        • (7-120)

        • 214

    • page 115

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • (7-121)

        • ~~301.,)~ 7-10

        • 8 )( 450 )( 450

        • /(,,,.. = 1 - (57.2 + 7.72 + 56.2) )( 400 )( 10~6 = 0.952

        • 58~. 7-8

        • 215

    • page 116

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 1. 10~11111)1111~ 11100~8 01 0~~(3.11011 10( 111~ ~110~~~( ~1(~1.111.

        • (7-122)

        • ~.

        • ~.

        • 0,,,

        • 216

    • page 117

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 0,,,

        • (7-123)

        • 1 1

        • /0

        • (7-125)

        • ~,.301()1~ 7-11

        • $8~. 7-8

        • 217

    • page 118

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 440

        • ~~~~80. ./1~0~9/1 (2

        • 352

        • = 110~ =

        • 11 /

        • 1-,

        • ~ = 11,~ . ~

        • ,,, ,,, ,,,

        • 0(

        • 218

    • page 119

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 0

        • ~,,, = 34.96 11

        • 1.,~1 ~,,, = 35 11~ 111~0 111~ ~~..,~~810~ 11~~, (, = ...~35 )( 30 = 101.8 8. ~~0~ ~()..

        • 11 = /(220 )( 101.8 + 0.5 )( 40.9 (380 + 220)) )( 10-6 0~ / = 317112

        • 11~ 111~ ((..,~~((~~ ~11~~~111, 1.~ = 440 ~.

        • 1,2 = 0.8 )( 440 ~(,//2 = 0.352 ~101.8 )( 300/2 = 43.5 ~

        • 111~ ~~~~6..,~ ~~8 ~11~~~111, 1, 5 = (4402 + 43.5)1/2 = 442.14 ~.

        • 111~ ~~8 ~11~~~111, 1, 5 = 440 ~ = 0.44 ~300 )( 40.9 = 48.7 ~.

        • 111~ ~~8 ~11~~~111, 1, , = 1,, ~ = 0.352 ~101.8 )( 300 = 43.5 ~.

        • 1.~ = 21,,/(,/... = 2 )( 352 )( 300 )( 101.8 )( 10-6/... = 6.84 ~

        • ~)(301~1~ 7-12

        • 58~. 7-8

        • 219

    • page 120

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~~3111())~ 7-13

        • 1,0(() = ,,4, 8111 270/( + 13, ~05 270/(

        • 1/118 ~11~~~11115 ~31~11131~0 1~0111

        • 1.

        • ~1.,,~11 0)1

        • 220

    • page 121

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 2. ~. ~. 8(1110, (1110 0. ~. ~~11~111(1115, ..~110~~~( ~0111(01 011 (1 1600-~ 0( 1((1~11011 511~-

        • 221

    • page 122

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 222

        • ~311~, 111~., 1981.

        • 12. ~. ~/183111, ~. 1,. 1(11810111, 3110 ~. ~. ~11)3, ..~1~~0~~0~~880~ ~0111~01 0( 3 ~11~~~11( 8011~~~

        • ~/13( 18 111~311( 0~ 3 0~ ~/10~~~~ 0~ 0~-0~ ~011~~~(~~7

        • 1/1~~1810~7

    • page 123

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~031 3(~ 10~ ~11~~15 01 5011(~~ 111011~1311~~ 7

        • 7.30.

        • 7.1. 10~ 0~ ~00~~~( 111 ~1~. 7-13 035 3 (~5156,,,~ 1030, ~ == 20 0 3110 111~111 ,,,0113~~, ~5 =

        • 10 0.9 ~110 3 51~~ 010.1.

        • 223

    • page 124

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 7-9. 10~ 00051 (~81113(0( 111 ~18. 7-83035 311 111~11( ~011(1~~, ~$ = 6 ,. 111~ (1~~~32~ 0111))111

        • 15 11(111(~0 (0 21,,,. 0~1~((11111~ ~ 3110 1-1.

        • 224

    • page 125

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 225

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 126

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 226

    • page 127

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ~80 = ~0

        • ~

        • (~) ~81/910,,.,,5 ~~~~ ,95~5~.1/9 ~080

        • 58~. 8-2

        • 227

    • page 128

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (8-1)

        • (8-2)

        • 0 10.- 11 = 2, 4, ...

        • 1, ~((.

        • (8-3)

        • ~0.- 30 1001.1~11~~ 10(10, 111~ 10(10 ~1.1 ~01 ~(10001 ~11(10~~ 10101~01(11~1~ ~1111111~

        • (8-4)

        • 228

    • page 129

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • (8-5)

        • ~)(3111()1~ 8-1

        • 8011.1~100 ~, = 48 ~ (1110 ~ = 2.411.

        • (0) 111~ ~~(1/( .~.,,~.5~ 010~/(111~ .,,011(1~~, ~8 = 2 )( 24 = 48 ~.

        • 58~. 8-3

        • 229

    • page 130

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 11

        • 1/2

        • 11

        • 11

        • 11

        • 1/.

        • ~0

        • 230

    • page 131

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 111~ (1118 001~01 ~01138~ ~30 0~ 1000~ 1(0111

        • 1012

        • 1/2

        • 0 10 0 5 .

        • (8-8)

        • ~ 4~5.

        • (8-9)

        • 0)

        • ~1 = ~ 70 = 0. 0~5 8-1

        • 80101100 ~5 = 48 ..., 3110 ~ = 2.4 0.

        • (~) 10.~ 11~3/( 1(31181810( ~1.1((~111, /,, = 48/2.4 = 20 /1... 5111~~ ~3~0.1(31181810(

        • (~~,7 ~~) 1/2 = (~6 - ~~)1/2 = 0.4352~5

        • ~~301~1~ 8-3

        • 58~. 8-4

        • 231

    • page 132

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 6 - -1 11.87/1 - 23.6//1 _ -1

        • 1 187 _ 2.346

        • ,, - 1311 10 - 1311 . /1 /1

        • 1-1~ = (/~ ~,,.~~1)1/2 = (( 118~~1) 2 _ 1 ~ 1/2 = 18.59%

        • ~0 = 13.022 )( 10 = 1695~.

        • 232

    • page 133

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~~008(1160(8~ ~~~~60(

        • -..

        • /1

        • 16.667 (115

        • (~ = 2.638 (115

        • ... ...

        • 5•~. 8-5

        • 233

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 134

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 234

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 135

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 0

        • 58~. 8-5

        • 235

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 136

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • ~ 3~

        • 1/.0

        • 0

        • 236

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 137

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ~ 4115 ~70.

        • 70

        • (8-11 )

        • ~ 4115 ~05 ~70 510 ~

        • ())( - ~

        • /1~1,3,5,... ~70 6 6

        • (8-12)

        • 1)~~ =

        • (8-13)

        • (8-14)

        • 58~. 8-5

        • 237

    • page 138

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 4 ~5 ~05 300

        • 111~ (1115 ~3111~ 01110~-10-0~111(31 ~0113~~5 ~30 0~ 101100 1(0111 111~ ~1135~ ~0113~~,

        • ~/1 = 0 = ~ = 0.4714~5 (8-16)

        • ~~301.,1~ 8-4

        • 0. 111~ 10~~(1~( 1(~()1.1~11~)11510 = 60 112 311~ 111~ ~~ 111~1.11 ,,,0113~~ 15 ~5 = 220 ~.

        • 238

    • page 139

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 1~(() = 14 5111 (377() - 2.801 5111 5(377()

        • (0) 10~ 10~~51-010~1 0(111110111~ 1510~ 11110, 1/1-5 = 1/1-1/5. ~10111 ~~. (8-4), 1-1~5

        • 110 = 31/,,1,, = 3 )( 103.9 )( 10.37 = 3226.4 ~

        • 1. 510~1~-~015~-~10111100001(11100

        • 58~. 8-6

        • 239

    • page 140

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • (8-17)

        • (70+8)/2

        • 1/2

        • 270 (70-8)/2

        • (8-18)

        • (8-19)

        • 240

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 141

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 0.8

        • 0.6 0.4

        • 0.2

        • (8-20)

        • 2~

        • (.,,/,,+0)/2

        • 1/2

        • ~0

        • () 2-.. (.,,/,, _ 8)/2 5 5 -..

        • (8- 21 )

        • (8-22)

        • 58~. 8-6

        • 241

    • page 142

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • ,,0

        • 2~

        • ()(~+8 2~

        • 10 _ 1110

        • (8-23)

        • 4 ~5 . 115.

        • (8-24)

        • (8-25)

        • 13,,

        • (8-26)

        • 242

    • page 143

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 0.8

        • 0.6 0.4

        • 0.2

        • 58~. 8-6

        • 243

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 144

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 2,,

        • (0)

        • 1/2

        • ,,,~ 1 70

        • (8-27)

        • 11,, = ~ 2115 (511111(0.~ + 0~) - 5111 110.,,,)

        • (8-28)

        • 244

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 145

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (8-29)

        • 0.6

        • ~=5

        • 0.8

        • 0.6

        • 0.4

        • ~11 =~13

        • 0.4

        • 0.2

        • ----------------

        • 0.2

        • --

        • --

        • 0.8

        • 0.6

        • 0.4

        • 0.2

        • (8-30)

        • 58~. 8-6

        • 245

    • page 146

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • (8- 31 )

        • /1 ~ 1,3,5,.. 1170

        • 111~ 111513111311~0115 0111~111 ~0113~~,

        • /1~1,3,5,... 1170

        • (8-32)

        • 5111~~ 5111 ~ - 5111 13 = 2 5111 ((~ + 13)/2) ~05 ((~ - 13)/2), ~~, (8-32) ~311 0~

        • 246

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 147

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 1) ~0 = ~ 4 ~, 5111 11~ ~05 11

        • ())( - ~

        • 11~1.3.5 1110 2 2

        • (8-33)

        • 111~ (1115 ~3111~ 01111~ 1111103111~11131 0111~111 ~0113~~ 15

        • (8-34)

        • 58~. 8-7

        • 247

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 148

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~,.3(1)))1~ 8-5

        • . 11~

        • 8102

        • 11

        • (8-35)

        • 248

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 149

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~0

        • 2..

        • - ~5 - - ~

        • 11- (11

        • (8-36)

        • ~,,= 4~,

        • (,,,.511111())((/(())1) _ (,,,2511111())((/(())() + (70/2511111())((/(())()

        • 11

        • (8-37)

        • (8-40)

        • 58~. 8-8

        • 249

    • page 150

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~0

        • 1)0) = ./1) 5111 0)( + ./13 5111 30)( + ./15 5111 50)( +

        • 1)0 = 1)0) + 1)02 = 0 (./1) 5111 (0)( - ~) + ./15 51115(0)( + ~) + . . .)

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 151

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~)(301))1~ 8-6

        • (1, = 10.550

        • (12 = 16.090

        • (13 = 30.910

        • (14 = 32.870

        • 2. 5~..~5 .~50113111 111.,,~.1~.5 ~1111 0101.~(1101131 5~11(11~5

        • 58~. 8-9

        • 251

    • page 152

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (8-41 )

        • (8-42)

        • ())~ = (1-1~ _ 4~2) 1/2

        • (8-43)

        • (8-44)

        • (8-45)

        • (8-46)

        • 252

    • page 153

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • 1 ~1 ~ -

        • ~5 +

        • 1,

        • ~0

        • 0(

        • (8-47)

        • 58~. 8-9

        • 253

    • page 154

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

      • Titles

        • (8-48)

        • = - (115 + 1(0)~-,,,, (~ 510 ()).( + ()). ~05 ()).1)/()),- + ~,

        • ~1 10~ ~00 0~ 1015 0100~,

        • 0-/3 . 1 .

        • (8-50)

        • (8-51 )

        • 1 (,

        • = 1101~-,,,, (~ 510 ()).( + ()). ~05 ()).1)/()),-

        • (8-52)

        • (8-53)

        • (8-54)

        • 254

    • page 155

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (8-55)

        • (8-56)

        • (8-57)

        • 1

        • 58~. 8-9

        • 255

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 156

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~1(3111())~ 8-7

        • 1 ~2

        • 1/2

        • 1012 22 )( 1012

        • 1/2

        • 10.~ 1~5011(111111~()11~11(~ 15/~ = (0~/210 = 8619.8 1(10/5, 1~ = 1//~ = 116 ~5. ~10111 ~().

        • 10 10

        • (0) ~10111 ~(). (8-58), 1/1~ 111(1)(111111111 ()055101~ 11~()11~11(~ 15

        • 1

        • (() ~10111 ~(). (8-54),

        • 100.4 ~

        • 256

    • page 157

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~10111 6~. (8-56), 1101 = 220 + 100.4 = 320.4 1.1. 111~ ~~3~-~0-~~3~ ~3~3~1~01 ..01~3~~

        • (0) ~10111 6~. (8-47), ~11~ ~~3~ 1030 ~1111~11~, ~111~1115 ~11~ 53111~ 35 ~11~ ~~3~ 511~~1)1

        • _ 1- -1 (0, _ ~ -1 54.16 _

        • 3110 6~. (8-45) ~1..~5 ~11~ ~~3~ 1030 ~1111~11~ 35

        • ( = (

        • =1 = 320.4 ~-002~22.475111

        • 54 160)( 22.47)( 10-6

        • (~) 111~ 5~~~~11~5 101 /((), 1)0(1), 3110 /,(() 31~ 5110~11111 ~1~. 8-25.

        • ~ (,,/2

        • 1/2

        • (~) 1/1~ 011~~11~ ~0~~1, ~ 0 = 44.12 )( 2 = 3889 ~.

        • 140

        • 70.82

        • -----------------

        • 58~. 8-9

        • 257

    • page 158

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ~0

        • (0)

        • ~~301)))~ 8-8

        • ()/0 . 1

        • (8-59)

        • (8-60)

        • (8-61 )

        • (

        • = - (~$ + ~0)•-~( (0- 8111 ()),/ + ()),. ~08 ()),0/()),. + ~,

        • (8-62 )

        • 258

    • page 159

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • (8-63)

        • 58~. 8-9

        • 259

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 160

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

      • Titles

        • 01111111~ 01 3 10)1(1810(, 10~ 1113)(11111.1111 111~~(1~( 1(~()1.1~11~)118 ~1~~11 0)1

        • /,,,3.~ = -

        • 2(

        • 011

        • (8-64)

        • 3110/0 8001.110 0~ 1~88 10311 /,,,3.~.

        • 260

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 161

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 0,

        • ~)(301()1~ 8-9

        • 80111(100 ~11~11 (11)1(15(0( 11 15 (11(11~0 011, (11~ ~11((~11( 15 0~5~(10~0 0)1

        • (8-65 )

        • (8-66 )

        • (8-67)

        • ~11~(~ (1), = 1/~

        • 158,114

        • = 1, _

        • 39.74 _

        • (1 2 2 19.87 ~5

        • 58~. 8-9

        • 261

    • page 162

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ((1) 1,, = 11~ /1)~ = 220 /20/2 = 695.7 ~.

        • (~) 1,, = 1,, //0(/2 = 695.7 /20,000 )( 19.87 )( 10-6/2 = 310.1 ~.

        • ~,.3(1))1~ 8-10

        • 8010~100 11~ = 220 ,, ~. = ~, + ~2 = 6 /1-~, 1- = 50 /1-1-1, ~ = 20, (1110/0 = 3500

        • /7 = 5~~60 = 8619.9 1-1~

        • 0)7 = 54,160 ((10/8

        • 1

        • 1

        • 116

        • 1/1~ 011-~~(100 0110(10 ~1.1((~111,

        • (,) = 2 - 17 = 142.87 - 58 = 84.87 /1-8

        • _ ~ _, 54,160 _

        • , ,

        • 262

    • page 163

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • /~ = ~/01~1 16(() (/()1/2 = 22.05 ~

        • ~,.301()1~ 8-11

        • 801111100 11$ = 220~, ~ = 6 ~ , 1- = 50 ~11, ~ = 20, (1110/0 = 3500/(112. (0111

        • (/10 . 1 .

        • (8-68)

        • 1)~(() = - (11, + 11~)~-~( (0. 5111 (0~( + (0~ ~05 (0~() + 11$

        • (8-69)

        • (8-70)

        • (/10 . 1

        • (8-71 )

        • 58~. 8-9

        • 263

    • page 164

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (8- 72)

        • (8-73)

        • (8- 7 4 )

        • (3) ~(0111 ~~. (8-47),

        • _ ~ -1 54,160 _

        • , ,

        • (~) 111~ (1118 111~(1810( ~11((~111 ~311 0~ 101111() 1(0111 ~~. (8-68) ~

        • (()) 111~ (1118 103() ~11((~11118 /0 = 2/~ = 2 )( 44.1 = 88.2 ~.

        • 1. ~0)(1113()1 ~01111110131~0 111~~(1~(8

        • 264

    • page 165

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • ~~~

        • (~) .,.,8~610~015

        • 58~. 8-10

        • 265

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 166

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (,, = ~1-,,,~,,, (10 - 2 5111-1~) (8-75)

        • (8-76)

        • (8-77)

        • 266

    • page 167

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 58~. 8-10

        • 267

    • page 168

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • (8-78)

        • (8-79)

        • (8-80)

        • 0,11 1 .

        • (8-81 )

        • (8-82)

        • 0)=

        • (8-83)

        • (8-84)

        • 10~ (~~~(8~ ~01111~~ 11~(088 11 18

        • ~ ,,,

        • (8-85)

        • ((/ = /2(1-/1,~,,,) (~08-1 2(1 +1 ~2)1/2 - 11111~1 ~) (8-86)

        • 268

    • page 169

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • (8-87)

        • (8-88)

        • 11. = /,. - 21. ) 27. .,0 ,.,/,. ~ 0

        • (8-89)

        • (8-90)

        • 0.12

        • (8-91 )

        • ~11011111131 ~0110111011 12 (1 = 0) = 1/1 300 10~ 801011011 01 ~(). (8-91) 18

        • (8-92)

        • (8-93)

        • $8~. 8-10

        • 269

    • page 170

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • ~)(301()1~ 8-12

        • 50111~100 11, = 220 ~, 1.-,,, = 30 ~1-1, ~,,, = 50 ~~, 3110/,,, = 175~.

        • (,,, = (1,,, = ~2 )( 30 )( 501311-1 0.8714 = 46.78 ~5

        • ~(0111 ~()5. (8-82) 3110 (8-90), 10~ 11~3/( 10)1(1810( (1.1((~11118

        • - 175 = 357.76 ~

        • /,, = 2 )(

        • (0) ~(0111 ~(). (8-93), (2,,, = 175 )( 30/2 = 2625 ~5 3110 10~ (01111111.11311011 11111~

        • 15

        • (0 = (1,,, + (2,,, = 46.78 + 2625 = 2671.78 ~8

        • ~)(301()1~ 8-13

        • 270

    • page 171

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 106

        • 0(

        • (8-94)

        • (8-95)

        • 10.~ 011(~11011 01 (1100~ 1 ~~11 0~ 1011110 1(0(11 8(). (8-84)=

        • ~ 2~,0

        • (/ 1

        • = 50.91 ~5

        • (8-96 )

        • (8-97)

        • ~(0(11 8()5. (8-82) ~110 (8-97),

        • - 175 = 356.24 ~

        • 58~. 8-10

        • 271

    • page 172

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        • - ~2

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        • (8-98)

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        • 272

        • (8-100)

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 173

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        • (8-101)

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        • $8~. 8-11

        • 273

    • page 174

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        • , ~

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        • 274

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        • Table 1

    • page 175

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        • 58~. 8-11

        • 275

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        • Table 1

    • page 176

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        • 276

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        • ~)(301()1~ 8-14

        • )(~ = 1211,,. )( 60 )( 31.5)( 10-3 = 111.8711 0

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        • 58~. 8-13

        • 277

    • page 178

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        • (,(/) = 15.195111 (377( + 49.740) + 0.865111 (7 )( 377( - 82.850)

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        • 11.8711 _ 23.6

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        • 278

    • page 179

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        • 279

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        • 8-1. ~11(1118 (111 111~~~1~~7

        • 280

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        • 281

    • page 182

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        • 282

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        • 1. 150131100 0~1~~~0 111~ 50~(~~ 300 1030

        • 284

  • 03.pdf

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        • 285

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        • 286

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    • page 3

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        • 287

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        • ~, = ~5/, = 1.2/,. + 1.2/,. + ~,//0 + ~0

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        • 289

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        • Table 1

    • page 6

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        • 290

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        • 291

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        • 292

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        • ~1131 3(~ 111~ 30~31113~~5 3110 01530~31113~~5 01 ~(1511-~(111 ~011~~(1~(57

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        • 295

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        • 10

        • 296

    • page 13

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        • - - -

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        • 58~. 10-2

        • 297

    • page 14

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        • 17, = ~,1,

        • (10-6)

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        • 298

    • page 15

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        • 299

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        • 300

    • page 17

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        • 17,, = ~~ (1 + ~05 0.,,)

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        • 301

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        • Table 1

    • page 18

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        • ~

        • (~) 0~8(1~811(

        • 302

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        • Table 1

    • page 19

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        • (10-16)

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        • 5•~. 10-3

        • 303

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        • Table 1

    • page 20

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        • (10-19)

        • (10-20)

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        • 304

    • page 21

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        • ~,.301()1~ 10-2

        • 211,,, 2)( 294.16

        • 70 70

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        • = ~ = 187.27 = 1

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        • $8~. 10-3

        • 305

    • page 22

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        • ~)(301()1~ 10-3

        • 1/, = 21/,,, = 2 )( 622.25 = 396.14 ~

        • = 1/, = 396.14 = 2.26 ~

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        • 306

    • page 23

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        • .,~ = ~, = 9808.4 0 495

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        • 58~. 10-4

        • 307

    • page 24

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        • 301/,,,

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        • 308

    • page 25

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        • 30~111

        • (10-27)

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        • 309

    • page 26

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        • 30~/,1

        • (10-28)

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        • ~,.3(11))1~ 10-5

        • 310

    • page 27

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        • 80101100 8.,, = 0.25 0, 8., = 245 11, /(,, = 1.2 ~/ /1 30/5, 1//. = 208 ~, 3110 (0 =

        • (3) 1,, = 1,3.00 = 49.73 /1.. 3110

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        • ~ 270.39

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        • (() 111~ 5))~~0 .~~111311011 15 0~1111~0 35

        • 11111-1030 5))~~0 1800

        • ~)(3111()1~ 10-6

        • 58~. 10-4

        • 311

    • page 28

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        • 3 )( ~ )( 169.7

        • 70

        • ~10111 ~~. (10-4),

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        • ~8 = /()~ = 1.2 )( 1.936 )( 94.25 = 218.96 ~

        • 3 )( ~ )( 169.7

        • 70

        • 3 )( ~ )( 169.7

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        • 268.22

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        • 3 )( ~ )( 169.7

        • 70

        • 312

    • page 29

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        • ~/10~~~.. 0..1~~5 3..~ ~10~1~ 115~0 10 1..3~1100 3~~11~311005 311 0~~.. 1/1~ ~0..10. ~ 0~

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        • 58~. 10-5

        • 313

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 30

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        • ( 10- 31)

        • (10-32)

        • (10-33)

        • (10-34)

        • ( 10-35)

        • ~)(301()1~ 10-7

        • 80/01100 11, = 600~, 10 = 250 , 3110 /( = 0.6. 10~ 101(11 (1(111(1111(~ (1((1111 (~5151(111(~

        • ~, = /(11,1~ = 0.6 )( 600 )( 250 = 90 )(~

        • ~8 = 11~ - ~)~, = 360 - 0.05 )( 250 = 347.5 ~

        • 347.5

        • (0) ~(0111 6().. (10-10),

        • 30

        • 314

    • page 31

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        • Image 6

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        • Image 9

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      • Titles

        • (10-36)

        • (10-37)

        • (10-38)

        • 58~. 10-5

        • 315

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 32

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        • (10-40)

        • - ~~

        • (10-41)

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        • ~)(301())~ 10-8

        • 316

    • page 33

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        • 30

        • (~) ~(0111 ~~. (10-42), 10~ 111~)(11111.1111 ~~(111155101~ 0(~/(111~ 5~~~0,

        • (.0,,,.. = 0.01527 )( 250 + 0.01527 = 160.445 (~0/5 0( 1532.14 (~111

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        • 10 = 1,,(1 - /()

        • (10-43)

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        • (10-45)

        • 58~. 10-5

        • 317

    • page 34

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        • (10-46 )

        • ~)(301())~ 10-9

        • 318

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 35

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        • Image 1

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        • 58~. 10-5

        • 319

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 36

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        • Image 1

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        • Image 3

        • Image 4

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        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

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        • 320

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 37

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        • Image 1

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        • Image 3

        • Image 4

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        • + 1....

        • ~, = ~2 = ~3 =

        • 58~. 10-5

        • 321

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 38

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        • Image 1

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        • Image 3

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        • (10-47)

        • (10-48)

        • 1

        • (10-49)

        • 1 +

        • (10-50)

        • ~,.301())~ 10-10

        • 322

    • page 39

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        • ~)(3()))))~ 10-11

        • 80)01100 10 = 100 ~, ~ = 2, 1-_ = 0.3 1111-1, ~_ = 4500 ~, 3110 /0 =

        • 1.66 ~

        • 58~. 10-6

        • 323

    • page 40

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        • Image 1

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        • Image 3

        • Image 4

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        • Image 6

        • Image 7

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        • Image 9

        • Image 10

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        • (10-51)

        • (10-52)

        • (10-53)

        • (10-54)

        • (10-55)

        • ~,,(5) = ~1 ~~(5)

        • 324

    • page 41

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • (10-61)

        • (10-62)

        • (10-63)

        • (10-64)

        • ,.,(5)

        • 111~0..~ 10-23

        • 58~. 10-6

        • 325

    • page 42

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

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        • .~(5) _

        • ~2~,,1( ~ 11

        • ~~

        • (10-65)

        • ( 10-66)

        • 326

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 43

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

        • Image 14

      • Titles

        • 0.) 0.)() + ~0.) 1)~ = ~,-() + ~1)~ 11. = 11.() + ~11.

        • 10 (10-71) ~311 0~ 1111~3(12~0 10

        • ~•1/5) 1(,,(10() ~0.)(5) + 0.)() ~10(5))

        • 5•~. 10-6

        • 327

    • page 44

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

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        • (0(5) _ 1(21(,)(/(~/11/3)

        • (10-77)

        • (10-78)

        • 328

    • page 45

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

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        • ~()) = ~2~,)( ~ ~

        • (10-79)

        • (10-80)

        • ~)(301())~ 10-12

        • ~ _ ~ _ /(,)( 0.91 )( 1.4

        • 0.1 )( 280.86

        • /1(,) =

        • 58~. 10-6

        • 329

    • page 46

      • Images

        • Image 1

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        • Image 4

        • Image 5

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        • (0) /111-. = 1.1 )( 280.86 = 308.87 ~.01 3110 ~().. (10-80) 81..,~5

        • /1(0 =

        • 111~ 01010. 5))~~0,

        • 5))~~0,

        • 100 )( 0.91 )( 1.4 )( 1.9222

        • -17.8.30/5

        • (0 = 178.02 - 17.8 = 160.22 .30/5 0~ 1530 ~))01

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        • 0.1 )( 280.87

        • 0.1 )( 0.3 + (0.91 )( 1.4)2

        • 330

    • page 47

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        • (8)

        • 0~ (110(0~ 800 ,080

        • (0)

        • 58~. 10-6

        • 331

    • page 48

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        • ~ ~001~0~18~ ~ 1 - - - 1

        • -~ )

        • 332

    • page 49

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        • 333

    • page 50

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        • Image 1

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        • 10-12.

        • 10-13.

        • 10-14.

        • 10-15.

        • 10-16.

        • ~11~1 ~~~ 111~ 111~~~ 1)1~~5 01 0~ 0~1.,,~5 0~5~0 0(1 111~ 1(1~111 511~~1)17

        • 334

    • page 51

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        • ~1131 3(~ 111~ 30.,,31113~~5 0( ~110))))~(-(~0 0~ 0(1.,,~57

        • 335

    • page 52

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        • 336

    • page 53

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 337

    • page 54

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 338

  • 04.pdf

    • page 1

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

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        • 1 1

        • 339

    • page 2

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

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        • 20)

        • (11-2)

        • 0-~ 0-

        • -1-/~~111( 0)5 - 0)111) 510 ((0)5 - 0)111)( - 0)

        • (11-3)

        • 340

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 3

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 5 =

        • (11-4 )

        • 5~~

        • (11-5)

        • ~~

        • (11-6)

        • ( 11-7)

        • (11-8)

        • 58~. 11-2

        • 341

    • page 4

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

      • Titles

        • ( 11-9)

        • _ 2 ~~

        • (11-10)

        • (11-11)

        • (11-12)

        • (11-123 )

        • ~0 ~~/ - ~00 1030

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        • ~8(1 - 5)

        • _ 0

        • ~8 ~8

        • (11-14)

        • 342

    • page 5

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

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        • -1

        • 10~ 10~111 1111~~030~~ 0110~ 111010(,

        • ~. =

        • (11-15)

        • (11-16)

        • ~(0111 ~1~. (11-2), 10~ (010( ~11((~01,

        • ~ ((~5 + ~~/8)2 + (%5 + %~)2)1/2

        • 1,) =

        • ((

        • 80), ~, + ~)8 + %5 + %~)

        • (11-17)

        • (11-18)

        • $8~. 11-2

        • 343

    • page 6

      • Images

        • Image 1

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        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 1 3~~~~ (11-19)

        • $,,, = ~ (~~ + (%~~+ %~)2)1/2 (11-20)

        • (11010(111~, ~111~1118 3180 ~1111~0 17/1//-0/1( (0,.()/1~ 0( /),.~(//(00~11 (0,.()/1~,

        • 0). . + . + . + ~

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        • (11-23)

        • (11-24)

        • (11-25)

        • 344

    • page 7

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

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      • Titles

        • ~0(111~11210~ ~().8. (11-23) ~00 (11-24) ~110 (~8~~~110 ~().. (11-26) ~1~~8

        • (11-27)

        • 11 5 ~ 1, 52 ~~ 5~ ~00 ~().. (11-27) ~~0 0~ ~~~(0)(1111~1~0 10

        • (11-28)

        • (11-29)

        • (11-30)

        • 80)01100 / = 60 1-12, ~ = 4, 8., = 0.42 .0, 8., = 0.23 .0, %, = %, = 0.82 .0, %,,, =

        • $8~. ,,-2

        • 345

    • page 8

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 7,. = - 22(0.82 + 0.82) + 122(0.42 + 0.23/0.028) = 732 30 90

        • , _ 2, 7.732 /. . / .

        • ~~0111 ~().. (11-13),

        • , ((0.42 + 0.23/0.028)2 + (0.82 + 0.82)2)1/2 .

        • 3 )( 30.12 )( 0.23

        • (~) ~~0111 ~().. (11-7), ~,./ = 3 )( 30.12 )( 0.23 = 625~.

        • 265.58

        • 3 )( 0.23 )( 150.52

        • (1) ~~0111 ~().. (11-20), 111~ 8111110~ 1113)(11110111 10~().0~ (0~ 110~~~),

        • (111) ~~0111 ~().. (11-21), 111~ 1113)(11110111 0~,,,~1011~0 10~().0~,

        • = 265.64 ~.111

        • 346

    • page 9

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • (11) ~(0111 6().. (11-22), 10~ (113)(111111111 (~/5~11~(311~~ 10(().11~ 15

        • 1 =-

        • (0) ~(0111 6().. (11-25),

        • 0.23

        • ~0.1402

        • ~(0111 6().. (11-26),

        • 7,71111 =

        • 1 _ 3~~(6~5)2

        • ~0~(~ 6 ~ 1.

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 10

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 51(1(110~ 111~11-110~~( 10~11~1100 (0010(5 10 11(011111~ 10-(11511 ~11((~01.

        • (11 111~ 111(1)(11111.1111 ~1.1~~~111, 1,,.

        • 377 )( 2/4 = 188.5 ~(10/5. 5111~~ 10~().1.1~ 15 11~0110~11011(1110 511~~0 5().1.1(1~~0,

        • (11-32)

        • (188.5 - 162.3)/188.500 = 0.139.

        • (11-33)

        • 1, =

        • 3~, (1 - 5)

        • 1/0

        • 3 )( 0.69 (1 - 0.139)

        • (11-34)

        • 348

    • page 11

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ((

        • 0.69

        • 2 11/2

        • (0) ~~0111 8~. (11-15),

        • ~. 139.34 0 0

        • 11, = 3 )( 139.34 )( 22.2 )( 0.812 = 7535.4 ~

        • 51~00,,, 11/2 =

        • 1 _

        • 5/(,,,00.

        • (11-35)

        • (11-36)

        • (11-37)

        • (11-38)

        • = 188.5 )( 2/3 = 125.27 ~30/5 0~ 1200 ~~111

        • (11-39)

        • (11-40)

        • 58~. 11-2

        • 349

    • page 12

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~~ = ~(1 - /()

        • (11-41)

        • ~,.3(11()1~ 11-3

        • 350

    • page 13

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

      • Titles

        • 58~. 11-2

        • 351

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 14

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

      • Titles

        • (11-42)

        • (11-43)

        • ~(0111 ~((. (11-43),

        • (11-44)

        • 11 11. 15 ~0.~ 511~ ~0~~(, ~0.~ ~((~ ~0~~(,

        • 8 5

        • (11-45)

        • (11-46)

        • ~.

        • ~.

        • ~098( 1~8,,$10~1119~

        • 352

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 15

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 51105111111111~ ~(). (11-44) 111 ~(). (11-46) 3110 501~111~ ~0~ /0 ~1~~5

        • 0 - 2.3394~511,,,

        • (11-47)

        • 2.3394.5~511 = /08.(1 - /()

        • /08.(1 - /()

        • 111~ 5~~~0 ~311 0~ ~011110 ~~0~ ~(). (11-48) 35

        • 1 _ /08.(1 - /()

        • 1 _ 11..(1)58.(1 - /()

        • - (1)5 (2.3394 ~511,,,)2

        • (11-48)

        • (11-49)

        • (11-50)

        • 800

        • 78.138.

        • 83.77 = 125.66 1 - 2.3394 )( 265.58 )( 0.9

        • (0) ~1 1050 ~~~

        • 1050

        • 2

        • 598.91 )( 125.66

        • 109.96 = 125.66

        • 1 _ 134.6 )( 2.3856(1 - /()

        • 2.3394 )( 265.58 )( 0.9

        • 58~. 11-2

        • 353

    • page 16

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (0) 511~,

        • 125.66 - 109.96 _

        • 1) = 125.66 -.1 5

        • 110 = 1~()),,, = 598.91 )( 109.96 = 65 856 ~

        • 1~ = ~ 1,/11,,, = ~ )( 134.6 )( 0.9 = 98.9 ~

        • 1055, 11$~ = 3 )( 0.041 )( 98.92 = 1203~. 10~ 111~111 ~0~~~,

        • 11 = ((0.77971,/11,,,)2 + (~~) 2)1/2

        • 10~ ~0~~~ 1~~10~ ~11~1~ 15 ~1~~11 0~

        • (11-51)

        • 1 17))(,,,

        • _ -1 43.54 - -24740

        • (11-52)

        • 354

    • page 17

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~~301~1~ 11-4

        • 5 = 125.66 - 109.96 = 0 125

        • 1050

        • 1 - 598.91)( 125.66 -

        • 134

        • (0) ~..0111 8((. (11-44),

        • ~0(1.,,~..1~.. (18

        • (11-53)

        • (11-54)

        • 58~. 11-2

        • 355

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 18

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 10~ 8~~~0, ~01~0 18 1110~~~110~111 0110(().11~, 0~~0111~8

        • 109.96 = 125.66

        • 1 + 0.4 ~08 ~

        • 0.9

        • (0) 10~ ~0~~( 1~0 03~/(,

        • (11-55)

        • ~0 = 1~(0,,, = 598.91 )( 109.96 = 65,856 ~

        • 12 = ~ 1,/110 / - ~ = ~ )( 134.6 )( 0.4 / - ~ = 41.98 / -106.30

        • 356

    • page 19

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

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      • Titles

        • ~())6 - ()),,,

        • ~())6

        • /1 - 5~())/7((~5 + ~./5)2 + (~%5 + ~%.)2)

        • (11-56)

        • (11-57)

        • ~ _ 3 17~

        • ,,, 2())/7(%5 + %.)

        • 170

        • 2

        • (11-58)

        • (11-59)

        • (11-60)

        • 1.0

        • - - --

        • 0.8

        • 0.6

        • 0.4

        • 0.2

        • 58~. ,,-2

        • 357

    • page 20

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~0(111311210~ ~(). (11-59) ~110 (~811~~110 ~(). (11-58) )11~108

        • (11-61)

        • (11-62)

        • ~,.301().~ 11-5

        • 1) = /1,,,,, = /61.11 = 1321

        • (() = 4 )( ~98.01 = 996.2 .30/5 0. 158.55 1-12

        • ,0 %, + %, 1.14 + 1.71 .

        • /1 (05 = (3(00, 300 10~ ~0113~~-10-1(~()1.1~0~)1 (3110 18 ~0081301 80 1031

        • (11-63)

        • 358

    • page 21

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 5005111011011 0~ 8~. (11-56) 111 8~. (11-57) )11~105

        • 0 - 0)~(~, + ~~)2 + ((~0)/1 - 0),,,)(%, + %~))2

        • (11-64)

        • ~~

        • (11-65)

        • ~)(310()1~ 11-6

        • 58~. 11-2

        • 359

    • page 22

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

        • Image 14

      • Titles

        • 0.38

        • 1,,, = 2 )( 188.5(0.66 + 0.662 + (1.14 + 1.71)2) = 156.55 ~.111

        • 360

    • page 23

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (0,,, = 94.25 )( (1 - 0.242) = 71.44 (3.0/8 0( 682 (~111

        • (0) ~1601-12, (06 = (0$ = 188.5 (3.0/8 3.110 ~. = 265.58 -..,,. ~(0111 ~~. (11-60),

        • (0,,, = 188.5 )( (1 - 0.1333) = 163.36 (3.0/8 0( 1560 (~111

        • (0,,, = 94.25 )( (1 - 0.2666) = 69.11 (3.0/8 0( 660 (~111

        • ~5~~~1311)1 31 10~ 1(~()0~0~)1.

        • .. = 1)(~1/ = 1 8

        • ~(0111 ~()5. (11-9) 300 (11-123), 10~ 0~~~10~~0 10(()0~ 15

        • (11-66)

        • (11-67)

        • (11-68)

        • (11-69)

        • 58~. 11-2

        • 361

    • page 24

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

      • Titles

        • %5 ~111 /)~ ~011513111 311,. ~~81~~11118111~ ~310~5 01 ~5 3110 %5, 8().. (11-69) /)~~0111~5

        • 5 = +

        • (11-70)

        • 5,,.,, 8().. (11-67) 81~~5 111~ 1113)(1111011110(().0~,

        • (11-71)

        • -~0

        • 0,,,

        • 362

    • page 25

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • ~,.301()1~ 11-7

        • 1 = 55 = 3(~~/5)(22.13 )( 20)2

        • ~5

        • 5 = 0.0501

        • 56~. 11-2

        • 363

    • page 26

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~(~5 + ~,/5)

        • = 6.26 0

        • = 3.899 0

        • (11-72)

        • (11-73)

        • = 31.90

        • (11-74)

        • 364

    • page 27

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 56~. 11-2

        • 365

    • page 28

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 366

    • page 29

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 58~. ,,-2

        • 367

    • page 30

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 368

    • page 31

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 58~. 11-3

        • 369

    • page 32

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • (11-75)

        • (11-76)

        • 370

    • page 33

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~~0181(1~8 ~(1~~801. ~.

        • ~0~8~ 18~10~ (..88~109

        • 0 ~

        • 1~ - 0 . ~ - 02 ~2

        • 111~ (~(11 ~(1(1 01 ~().. (11-79) 0~~0111~8

        • 1~ ~08 6,,, = 02 ~2

        • (11- 77)

        • (11-78)

        • (11-79)

        • (11-80)

        • (11-81)

        • (11-82)

        • (11-83)

        • 11111~ (1(111(1111(~ (~8181(10.~~ 18 0.~~11~101~, ~().. (11-84) 0~~0111~8

        • 1(/ =

        • 58~. 11-3

        • (11-84)

        • (11-85)

        • 371

    • page 34

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (11-86)

        • (1/-87)

        • ~,(301))1~ 11-8

        • 720

        • 2

        • ,,0 = 143.28 )( 75.4 = 10,803 ~

        • 372

    • page 35

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~/ = 159.34 - 22.6(1 + 10)(12.5) = 169.1 / -19.520

        • 428

        • 82

        • - - -

        • ~0( 11~~11~101~ 3(1113111(~ (~8181311~~, 111~ ~11380( 013~(3111 18 8110~11 111 ~1~.

        • 11-25.

        • 1() = 1,, 8111 (8~ - 8)

        • (11-92)

        • 58~. 11-3

        • 373

    • page 36

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 0

        • 01~10111~ 00111 810~8 0~ ~08 8 3110 801~111~ 10( 8 ~1~~8

        • 8 = -1311-1 (11-93)

        • 11110 3 0-3)(18 3110 3 /1-3)(18,

        • (11-94)

        • 81108111111111~ 1(/ 1(001 8(). (11-90) 31101~ 1(001 8(). (11-91) 111 8(). (11-94) ~1~108

        • ~ (/ = - - 8111 8 ~ 8111 28

        • ~ (/ - - 8111 0 ~ ~ 8111 28

        • (11-95)

        • (11-96)

        • 374

    • page 37

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 3~~ )((/ - )(

        • (11-98)

        • (11-99)

        • ~~301())~ 11-9

        • 12.5 )( 2 )( 188.5 )( 22.5 )( 3.5

        • 188.5 = 2356~. ~(0111 ~().. (11-98),

        • 1311 (10.84 ) = 132.79 - 3.5/. 8111 6,,,

        • 3110 ~0 = 2356 = 3 )( 132. 79/. ~08 6,,,. ~(0111 111~8~ 1~0 ~().113110118, /. 3110 6,,, ~311 0~

        • 58~. 11-3

        • 375

    • page 38

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 9.2 /-.. 3110 9,,,

        • 111~ 1)1~1~31 ~113.-3~1~.-1511~5 0( 10.-~11~, ~0 ~111, 3110 ~,.~11311011 ~0113~~ 3~311151 (.-~-

        • 1...

        • ~.

        • 376

    • page 39

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 377

    • page 40

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 378

    • page 41

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 6. ~. )). 1.3/10311, ~0(1/1(11)~ ~011(70/. ~~~ ~0(/(~ ~3(~~1 ))~/(/(~(, 1/1~., 1979.

        • ~113( 3(~ (0~ (~~~8 011/1011~(10/1 1110(0(87

        • 379

    • page 42

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 380

        • ~/131 15 5~313. ~0111.017

        • 11-1.

        • 11-4.

    • page 43

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 11-5. ~~~~31 ~(00. 11-411~, 18 11~~11~101~.

        • 381

    • page 44

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 11-20.

        • 11-21.

        • 382

    • page 45

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 12

        • 383

    • page 46

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 384

    • page 47

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • (12-1 )

        • 111~ ~~(1~ (~~~(8~ ~0((~111 ~(111 0~ ~)(~(~88~0 111 (~~~(8~ 0.//0.( (18

        • (12-2)

        • (12-3)

        • (12-4)

        • 8~0(11111~ 8~. (12-2) 10 8~. (12-4) ~1~~8

        • (12-5)

        • (12-6)

        • / 0./

        • 58~. 12-2

        • 385

    • page 48

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~~301))1~ 12-1

        • 1 (),

        • (0) ~(0111 ~(). (12-7),

        • 386

    • page 49

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 111~ 1351-(~~0.,,~()1 0100~5 113.,,~ 10~ (~~0.,,~()111(11~, 110((11311)11~55 111311 5 5. 111~)1

        • 58~. 12-3

        • 387

    • page 50

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ,~1.0., 19((1~9..81 9, ,.../. 1) 18 10~ 3~~(3~~ 1~11111~(3111(~ 0~~( 10~ ~001~

        • 510..899 19((1~9..81 9, ,..5~9. 15(8 0~110~8 10~ (30~~ 011~11111~(3111(~ ~11010

        • 388

    • page 51

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 58~. 12-4

        • 389

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 52

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 390

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 53

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 101

        • ~8~. 1~5,..~~1~~•0(.)5 .0~~~~0 ~01-185• - ~

        • ...1~0..8 12-6

        • 56~. 12-4

        • 391

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 54

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 100

        • ,0

        • 90

        • 80

        • 70

        • 60

        • 50

        • 30

        • 20

        • 10

        • 392

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

        • Table 4

        • Table 5

        • Table 6

        • Table 7

    • page 55

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 10-

        • 10-

        • 111~ ~0~~( 01551~31~0 10 111~ 0100~, ~~~1~ 15 ~)(~(~55~0 35

        • (12-8)

        • 58~. 12-4

        • 393

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 56

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 1~,~ ~~~2)

        • ~0 ~~,6.~•5 0.77 (0.030) ~~~.

        • /~

        • 01011111111~ 811(~(1~~ (~.~., 8010011111~88, ~(~(18~). ~10~5 18 ~)(.,(~88~0 (18

        • ~10~5 =

        • (12-9)

        • ,.~8 ,,8~ ...8585~881~8 015881/( ~0 8.,,~8881~, ~~,,5./4. ~105..4, ~111~1118 (1 01~(1811(~

        • 394

    • page 57

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

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        • Image 4

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      • Titles

        • 11(,,,3)()0 111~ (~()1.11(~0 ~(111.1~ 0~ ~1115.4 ~(111 0~ 0~1~(01111~0 ~(001

        • ~1115.4 = 111)

        • (12-10)

        • 58~0 12-4

        • 395

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 58

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~8)(.01...01 ..015 10..~8..~ ~ 9,,1. ~~(8,.,,,5). 1 ~(~/-.15) 15 111~ 111(1)(111111111 11~.-11115-

        • 396

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 59

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 3. 5 ~.0

        • ~1~11..~ 12.6

        • 56~. 12-4

        • 10~

        • 397

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 60

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 398

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

        • Table 4

        • Table 5

        • Table 6

        • Table 7

    • page 61

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 5500

        • ~000

        • 3500

        • 3000

        • 2500

        • 2000

        • ~8)(.01~01 ~98~ ...9~91.1.~9 10~8...() ~~ 901, ~~~,,,,. 1~~/.1 18 111~ (0(1)(1(011(0

        • ~8)(.01~01 ~98~ 009-~~~~9 000...9~91.1.~9 10~8...() ~~ 901, ~~5,,,,. 1~5/.118

        • 58~. 12-4

        • 399

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 62

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • ~8)(.811~811 ~98~ ..9~9..59 (0.. /98~899) ~~ 9.,~, /~~~. 1~~1-.118 10~ (11(1)(1(1111(11

        • 400

    • page 63

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~,.301())~ 12-2

        • 1100 = 0.636611,,, = 0.6366 )( 294.2 = 187.29 ~

        • 10~ (1...~((1~~ 10(10 ~11((~111, /00 = 187.29/0.47 = 398.5~, (111010~ (1...~((1~~ 0100~ 10( (1(0

        • 3 294.2.

        • = 0.6 + 1.565 8111 (1)( ~

        • 58~. 12-4

        • 401

    • page 64

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

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      • Titles

        • ~,,, 294.2

        • /2 )( 12 )( 1.7

        • (~) ~..0(11 111~ 0313 811~~1 010100~, ~,0_~ = 0.0900~. ~..0(11 ~~. (12-8),

        • 0..

        • ~~301()1~ 12.3

        • 0,

        • 1..

        • 402

    • page 65

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

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      • Titles

        • (),1 115

        • (12-11)

        • 58~. 12-5

        • 403

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 66

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • -------

        • 11 (~~ 18 111~ ..~ ~..8~ ..~~0 ~..~ 11111~ 011),.,,, 111~ ~~3~ ..~ ~..8~ ~11 ~111 011),.,, 18

        • (12-12)

        • ~11~11 111~ 111011~10.. ~11 ~111 0~~0111~8 1(1, 0100~ 1),.,, 111..118 011 81100~111~ (38811111111~

        • (12-13)

        • (12-14)

        • 404

    • page 67

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

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      • Titles

        • (12-15)

        • ~ ~. ~~ = ~ ~

        • (12-16)

        • ~~3111)))~ 12-4

        • 17 2

        • (~ 17. -1 2~,,,

        • ~08 (,)(

        • (,,

        • 77 1 0 ,,, 1 (,) 0

        • (12-17)

        • ~,,, = ~ ~. = ~ )( 120 = 169.7 ,

        • ((1) ~0( (77 50 ,.,..8 (1110,. = 2000 1-1~, 111~ (~011~1100 0~ 111~ (1.,,~((1~~ 011111111

        • = 0.061~,,, = 10.3 , 0( 9.51% 0~ ~00

        • 58~. 12-5

        • 405

    • page 68

      • Images

        • Image 1

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        • Image 3

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      • Titles

        • ~0

        • (/)) ~0~ 1__ = 50 /1-5 3110/, = 60 1-12, 01~ ~~011~11011 01111~ 0111~111 0~ ~0113~~

        • 71

        • = 9.6 )( 10-3 ~ 0~ 8.88)( 10-3% 01 ~00

        • 0100(111(11 60-1-12 5011(~~, 115 ~11~~1 ~(10 0~ ~00510~(~0 0~~11~101~.

        • 406

    • page 69

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

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        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

      • Titles

        • /

        • /

        • ...-

        • 1/ /

        • (12-18)

        • .,

        • / 0

        • /

        • ~ - - - - ~.2

        • 58~. 12-6

        • 407

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 70

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • ~..~ 12-13 5~~1~5 0100~5 ~11111/01(-

        • 136.0118111~ 0~1~~~11 ~1 3110 ~2 10( ~((1131 ~0113~~ 8113(111~ 38

        • (12-19)

        • ~ 1)1 ~ 1)2

        • (12-20)

        • ~ 1)1 + ~ 1)2 = ~5

        • (12-21)

        • 408

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 71

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 409

    • page 72

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        • Image 1

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        • 12-1.

        • 12-2.

        • 12-3.

        • 12-6.

        • 12-7.

        • .,1~(1..~ ..12-7

        • 410

    • page 73

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 100

        • 150

        • 2200

        • 2000

        • 1600

        • 800

        • ./

        • /

        • )~0..~ ..12-10

        • 411

    • page 74

      • Images

        • Image 1

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        • 13

        • 1. 131~01(1( 11.111~11011 1((11181810(8 (13118)

        • 111 ~(1(11~( ~11(1~1~(8, 13118 0( ~05~~18 ~~(~ (1881.1(11~0 (18 10~(11 8~11~11~8 10

        • 412

    • page 75

      • Images

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        • ,,

        • 8858

        • ,,

        • ~

        • (8) ,,~,,-(~8,,5~5(0~ (0) ~,,~-(~8,,5~5(0~

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 413

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 76

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ~8

        • 414

    • page 77

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 1~

        • 10~ ~011~~10( ~0((~111 035 1~0 ~0(11~011~1115~ 011~ 00~ 10 10~ 035~ ~0((~111 3110 010~(

        • (13-2)

        • 1~ = 18(1 + ~) + 1~~0

        • ~+1

        • (13-5)

        • (13-6)

        • ~

        • (13-7)

        • ~--

        • 1 - 0.

        • (13-8)

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 415

    • page 78

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • (13-9)

        • (13-10)

        • (13-11)

        • _ 11 ~~ - 11 ~10 _ 11 ~~ - 11810

        • 30(/ 111~ ~0((~8()00(/10~ ~3111~ 01 038~ ~11((~01

        • (13-12)

        • (13-13)

        • (13-14)

        • 416

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 79

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • (1110 10.~ ~0((~5~0110111~ ~(110~ 01 0(15~ ~0((~111 15

        • (13-15)

        • 00~ = ~

        • (13-16)

        • (1110 10.~ ((1110 011~5 10 1/3 15 ~(111~0 (1510,~~(/ ~, ~/ ~0.~(~

        • (13-17)

        • ( 13-18)

        • ~)(801()1~ 13-1

        • 80101100 ~~~ = 200 ,, ~01.0 = 8, ~01.. = 40, ~~ = 11 0, 00~ = 5, ~8 = 10 ,,

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 417

    • page 80

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

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      • Titles

        • 1~5

        • (13-19)

        • 418

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 81

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

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        • ~

        • 0.1 ,~5 - 1-

        • ------

        • ~

        • . ~-- ~~-~

        • ------

        • (13-20)

        • ~11~..~ __. 18 ~110~11 38 111~ 5(0,(./8~ (1111~ ~0115((./11( 0~ 111~ 1..31181810...

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 419

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 82

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

      • Titles

        • 8856

        • ~1(301())~ 13-2

        • ,~. -~- - -

        • .= 1/1

        • 420

    • page 83

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 10(() = /~/00

        • = 3 )( 10-3 )( 250 = 0.75 ~

        • 1 (,0

        • = 3 )( 10-3 )( 250 )( 0.5 )( 10-6 )( 10 )( 103 = 3.75 111~

        • (13-21)

        • . (

        • (13-22)

        • (, 11 ~~

        • 250

        • (13-23)

        • (13-24)

        • (13-25)

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 421

    • page 84

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • = 0.00375 + 42.33 = 42.33 ~

        • = 2 )( 100 = 200 ~

        • 1 ((.

        • = 2 )( 100 )( 48.5 )( 10-6 )( 10 )( 103 = 97 ~

        • = 2 )( 100 = 200 ~

        • 1 ((,

        • = 2 )( 100 )( 5 )( 10-6 )( 10 )( 103 = 10 ~

        • 11 ~~

        • (10(() = (01)~/0 = 11~~/~5 ((1 - 0~)

        • (1 = 11~~/~5

        • (13-26)

        • (13-27)

        • (13-28)

        • (13-29)

        • (13-30)

        • 1 ((/ 11 ~~/~5(,/$

        • 250 )( 100 )( 3 )( 10-6 )( 10 )( 103

        • 422

    • page 85

      • Images

        • Image 1

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        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • . (

        • 111~ ~0~~( 1088 01.1(111~ 11.1(11-01118

        • (13-32)

        • (13-33)

        • = 3 )( 10-3 )( 250 )( 42 )( 10-6 )( 10 )( 103 = 0.315 ~

        • (13-34)

        • = 42.33 + 97 + 135 + 0.315 = 274.65 ~

        • ~1.1((~111.

        • 10(1) = /85

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 423

    • page 86

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • =8)(3=24~

        • ~ 8 = 185 ~ 810(.8.)((00 + (0 + ($)~

        • 0. 111~

        • (13-35)

        • 13-2.3 ~8..,0,.81130~8 ~3,.3811818,.5

        • 424

    • page 87

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~ 0~0~~111 81~~(11~ 06708 18 11 0~~ ~1~... ~~~~0( 1-0~~~

        • ()... ~~~00 2~0

        • 400 - 500 ~ ~~0(808)= 500 - 700 ~ ~~~

        • ~01~9.5

        • ~ 01~5

        • 0155.(18~.001

        • 0670~5 0670~6 0670~7

        • 312.5

        • 2500

        • , ,,,.1 ~.515~.0.. ~01~

        • .4

        • ---.-------

        • 8~8~~~(~8.~ ~~8.~8.~~8~(5~/~5~ (1~ = 250( 001.88 0( ~.8. 5.,.0111.(/)

        • ~8110(0,1)=-1.5~) _.)=1500(

        • 500

        • 425

    • page 88

      • Images

        • Image 1

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        • Image 3

        • Image 4

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      • Titles

        • 0.,13~ 1.(11., 10

        • 111(/~(1.~., (1( = 100~. (...11./.1~ = 250 , 181 = 5~,-181 = 10~ ,1.=100/111)

        • 0.00~ ~~~~~~,.~~.5,..~5

        • 426

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

    • page 89

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • /0670~ ~

        • ~00 200

        • ~0.0

        • ~ ~0.0

        • .0

        • 200

        • 00

        • ,00 200

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 427

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

        • Table 4

        • Table 5

        • Table 6

        • Table 7

        • Table 8

        • Table 9

    • page 90

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

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        • Image 12

      • Titles

        • /0670~ ~

        • ~0000

        • ~ ~.0

        • 1~ . ~0~/...~~,.0~ ~0~~(~,.. (/4~~(~(5)

        • 200

        • .0

        • ~0.0

        • .1,.2500

        • 428

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

        • Table 4

        • Table 5

        • Table 6

    • page 91

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

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      • Titles

        • ~()67()~ /

        • 02

        • 0.5

        • 2.0

        • .0

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        • ~ ~.0

        • 0.2

        • 0.5

        • 20

        • 0..

        • ...

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        • ~00 200 300 400 500

        • ~~6()~~ 17= ~~~~~5~ 8~~5 5~~~ 0~~~~,./~6 ~~~~

        • --

        • 1,182

        • ( .00~~

        • 02

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        • .5

        • 2.0

        • ,.

        • .0

        • ~00

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 429

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

    • page 92

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

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        • Image 13

        • Image 14

      • Titles

        • ~()67()~ ~

        • ..0

        • 2.0

        • ..0

        • 20

        • 40

        • 60

        • ~00

        • .20

        • .40

        • 80

        • ...8~~~~1- ~0~~()~0

        • ,...,/0 ,.~00~~,.5 0/05~~~8/00 ~~ ,...,~5 5,./0~.~.~ ,..0~ $..,/0(,. 5..,0~(.0 8( .., ~0(.(0 ,..., ~ ~/0 ,...,( ~(~ ~~ ,.0~,.~0~

        • 8~5~,

        • 430

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

    • page 93

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

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        • Image 6

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      • Titles

        • 066(3~5,6,7

        • .~8 0668,,,, ~5 3 ~8 , ~~9~ ,,,0~(398 ~~~ ~~9~

        • ~~8...,~~$

        • ~0~,-8

        • 5•~. 13-2

        • 431

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 94

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

      • Titles

        • 90

        • 80

        • 70

        • 60

        • 00

        • 40

        • 30

        • 20

        • ~0.0

        • 60

        • 80

        • ~00 ~20 ~40 ~60

        • 20 40

        • ,. , _~~~~~~~~1~ _ --,

        • 6. ~ ~ 0~_

        • ~~...,-01( 1 9, (011. 111~ 510(3~~ 11111~, (5, ~111~1115 0~.,~110~111 011 111~ 0~~(-

        • ~..0550~9..1 9, (~. 111~ ~(0550~~( 11111~, (0 15 0~1111~0 35 111~ 1111~(~31 011(111~

        • 432

    • page 95

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        • 58~. 13-2

        • 433

    • page 96

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ..

        • 1~ = 11 - ~1~1~

        • (13-36)

        • 111~ 111(1)(111111111 ~0~~( 01881~(11100 ~ 118 110(111(111)1 8~~~111~0 (11 1~. = 250~. 11

        • ~ 1080= 111~ 111(1)(111111111 ~011(1~~ 0~1~~~11 111~ ~111111~( 1~(111111(11 (1110 0(18~ 1~(111111(11

        • 434

    • page 97

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        • ~

        • ~)(301~1~ 13-4

        • ~)(3111~1~ 13-5

        • 80101/00 (3,,, = 25 ~110 /(. = 50~.

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 435

    • page 98

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (() ~1~11~~ 13-12.9 ~1~~5, (~ = 0.4 ,..,..5, (,/ = 0.085 ,..,..5~ 111~~~10~~, (00 = (,/ + (~ =

        • (13-37)

        • (100 111~ ~10(11 .,,(1111~ 0~ 111~ 0(15~ ~11((~01 15

        • /31 - .8.1 + .8.2

        • (13-38)

        • - ~82 - - - - - - - -

        • 436

    • page 99

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

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        • 10.~ ~(1~(1~110( ~1 ~0.(1(~~8 1.1~ 10 (1 110(11 .,,(111.1~ 01

        • ~~ ~ ~1 ~1 + ~2

        • 71 =

        • (13-39)

        • (13-40)

        • 0-0~ ~001..0~. 1110.~ 10~1.11.,,011(1~~ 10 ~1~. 13-1618 ~0.(10~~0 10 - ~2 01.1(10~

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 437

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 100

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

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      • Titles

        • _ ~ ~~ - ~0,,

        • ~~

        • (13-41)

        • 438

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 101

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

      • Titles

        • (13-43)

        • (13-44)

        • (13-45)

        • (13-46)

        • ~(0(/1 8~. (13-45),

        • (13-47)

        • ~,.801())~ 13-6

        • ~~10 = 0.7 + 2.1 - 0.9 = 1.9 ~

        • 58~. 13-2

        • 439

    • page 102

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ~00

        • ~00

        • ~00

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        • 440

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    • page 111

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    • page 112

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        • 477

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        • 478

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        • 479

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    • page 26

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        • 480

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        • 481

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        • 482

    • page 29

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        • 483

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    • page 30

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        • 484

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        • 485

    • page 32

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    • page 33

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        • 58~. 14-9

        • 487

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    • page 34

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    • page 35

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        • 489

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    • page 36

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        • 490

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    • page 37

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        • 58~. 14-9

        • 491

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        • 492

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        • 494

    • page 41

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        • 495

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        • Image 6

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        • 1.

        • 0) ~~88~ ,.8 8,.~8 0~18985 8~~~~ 10,. ~8~0 0,. 0898~...,8 9818 0,1.398.

        • 496

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 43

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 130

        • 5~~. 14-9

        • 130.----

        • ~

        • 497

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 44

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • .-

        • 111~0,.~ 14-21

        • 498

        • 400

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

        • Table 4

        • Table 5

    • page 45

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 10

        • 90 100

        • 200

        • 1000

        • 1=.9. 12 - ~, 1=.(( , ..,5. 0 51.1. ~ 1

        • 58~. 14-9

        • 1200

        • 5 102 103

        • 1=.9. 13 - ~., , 0... ~ 9~ ~.. ~..(5.

        • 499

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

        • Table 4

        • Table 5

        • Table 6

        • Table 7

        • Table 8

        • Table 9

    • page 46

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • ~.9. 14 - ~.)(.011..011 ,,-011 (0,,..9.,. ~.. ~..,..

        • 5 1.0 10

        • 100

        • 1..

        • 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

        • 103 ~

        • 10-1 1

        • 10

        • 500

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

        • Table 4

        • Table 5

        • Table 6

        • Table 7

        • Table 8

        • Table 9

        • Table 10

    • page 47

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • , .,

        • ~ ~ ~ ,

        • ,

        • 1 2.(5~5

        • ..,,)~11..~ 14-21 ((0/1(//1/,/~~)

        • 58~. 14-9

        • 501

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 48

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • ~0.,~..0~~8~~9 ~98~ 0.,-5~8~9 ~ 9.,~, /.,.60. 110(2 18 111~ ~~11~ ~11111~ 01 011-

        • ~11~..~ ~5 18 111~ 8111100~.. ~11~11~111111~~.

        • 5.,...~~9.. ~...~ ~ ~95.9., ~0.,5.~9..8~.0.,5. 111~ 8111100~.. ~1..~1111 ~1(1)18 11 81~-

        • 502

    • page 49

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

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      • Titles

        • 1(151 (~~~(5~ (~~0~~()1. ~//(/,( 51100.10 0~ ~~()1111~1110( ~0.1~~ 1((11151~( 01 (11100~ ~0.((~111

        • 0,,,

        • ~1

        • ~,.3(1))1~ 14-6

        • (~) ~0.1, = 600~, ~1~. 14-21.12 ~1,,,~5 /, = 0.65 ~5.

        • ~0~~. 1055 15

        • ~, = ~00 + ~011 + ~0 = 560 + 880 + 750 = 2110 ~

        • 58~. 14-9

        • 503

    • page 50

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 011-51816

        • /110 = 101 - 102 = 17 - 12 - 17 + 11 = 11 - 12 0( 12 = 11 - /110

        • (14-19)

        • ~1

        • ~1

        • ~01 ,. 1

        • ~02

        • 504

    • page 51

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 501~111~ ~(). (14-19) 10( 111~ ~01111~~ 11~(088 11,

        • 111)1 =

        • (14-20)

        • (14-21)

        • -~. -

        • 1/02

        • 58~. 14-10

        • 505

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 52

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~ ~ = ~ ~10 = (22 - (21 = ~(2

        • (14-22)

        • (14-24)

        • 0~~ = 1

        • (14-25)

        • ~~301())~ 14-7

        • 05(,,-,..) - 10 - 2 4 ~

        • (0) ~(0111 ~().. (14-25), 10.~ 81~(0)1-8131~ 0~(31111~ 13~10( 18

        • 0~~ = 1 - 10 )( 2004 = 25.15%

        • (~) ~(0111 ~().. (14-24), 10.~ 1113)(1111111111(31181~111 ,,,0113~~ 80.3(111~ 18

        • 07(,,-,..) - 10 - ~

        • (0) ~(0111 ~().. (14-25), 10.~ 1(31181~111 0~(31111~ 13~10( 18

        • 10 )( 1770

        • 0~~ = 1

        • 15.25%

        • 506

    • page 53

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • 0,

        • 56~. 14-12

        • 507

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 54

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • 0.,

        • 508

    • page 55

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (0)

        • 509

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 56

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 510

    • page 57

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 14-27.

        • ~1131 3(~ 111~ 1)1~~5 01111)1(1510(57

        • 14-1.

        • 14-4.

        • 14-5.

        • 14-6.

        • ~1

        • 511

    • page 58

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 14-7.

        • ~~~~31 ~100. 14-8 111/1~ 111~111 ~0113~~ 15 3~, 1), = 179 5111 377(.

        • 14-8.

        • 14-11.

        • 512

    • page 59

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 513

    • page 60

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 15

        • 514

    • page 61

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • 1./ = 11-4(~./~. + ~~.5 + ~5-4) (15-1)

        • 5•~. 15-2

        • 515

    • page 62

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 100

        • 200

        • 300

        • 700

        • 800

        • 0.9

        • 0.8

        • ~

        • 0.1

        • 50

        • 100

        • 150

        • 200 250

        • 300

        • 350

        • 400

        • 516

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

    • page 63

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 58~. 15-2

        • 517

    • page 64

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • (15-2)

        • 11 = ~(/2(() (15-3)

        • (15-4)

        • 111

        • ,,~ 1,3,..

        • ~(1)

        • - --

        • ~1

        • 518

    • page 65

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 11(() = ~10 + 21~1 + 22(~2 - ~1) + 23(~3 - ~2) + . . . (15-5)

        • ,,,

        • ,,~ 1,2,..

        • ~)(301))1~ 15-1

        • 2 (( = (1) = 21 = 23 = 25 = 0.03500~

        • 1200

        • 58~. 15-2

    • page 66

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

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        • 50

        • 40

        • 26

        • 30

        • 20

        • 10

        • 2.5

        • 4 4.5

        • ~7./ (/ = 1 ()15) = 1./ (/ = 1 ()15) - 1./0 = 21~1 = 0.035 )( 800 = 280~

        • 01

        • 520

    • page 67

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

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      • Titles

        • (/1 1

        • (/1

        • 5 (/(

        • 58~. 15-4

        • 521

    • page 68

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 10~ 011011111~~0 111110(1111(~()0~11~)115

        • 8~~~~~

        • ~~ = (~5 - ~/8.) (2~ ~05 (0( + (02 = ~2 5111 (0()~-,,,(

        • ~.

        • (15-8)

        • (15-9)

        • (15-10)

        • (15-11)

        • (15-12)

        • (15-13)

        • ~ _ ~/

        • (~0

        • (15-14)

        • (15-15)

        • (/ = /8. ~ = /8.

        • 522

        • (15-16)

        • (15-17)

    • page 69

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • (0(115 - ~1~)2~ + 1~/~)

        • 11/1 = 11 (( = (1) (15-19)

        • 0.6 0.8 1

        • 10

        • 0.8

        • 0.6

        • 0.4

        • 0.2

        • 0.2

        • 0.4

        • 6 8 10

        • 58~. 15-4

        • 523

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 70

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • ~~3111()1~ 15-2

        • 20

        • (15-20)

        • (0) ~(0111 ~(). (15-11), 111~ 8111100~( (~8181311~~ 18

        • (15-21)

        • 524

    • page 71

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (~) ~~0111 ~~. (15-10),

        • (00 = ~50 )( 0.735 = 164,957 ~(10/8

        • ~~0111 ~1~. 15-14,

        • (/1)

        • (1) ~~0111 ~~. (15-14), 10.~ 1016(11 ~~~~~8~ ~011(1~~ 18

        • ~~301()(~ 15-3

        • 0, 10.~ 10~(1~0 ~011(1~~ (1~~088 10.~ 0~~1~~ ~(10 0~ 0~1~~11110~0 1~0111 ~~. (15-8),

        • (15-22)

        • ~~0111 ~~. (15-13),

        • (15-23)

        • (15-24)

        • 58~. 15-4

        • 525

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 72

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • (15-28)

        • (15-29)

        • 0~

        • (15-30)

        • (15-31)

        • 0~

        • 8 ~ 0.5

        • 0~

        • 10~ 8 ~ 0.5

        • (15-32)

        • 106

        • ~~0111 8~. (15-11),8 = (6.6/2) ~ = 0.404, 31101~0111 ~~. (15-12),

        • 11,, = 220(1 + 0.36) = 299.3 ~.

        • 526

    • page 73

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

      • Titles

        • /(0 =

        • (15-33)

        • (15-34)

        • (15-35)

        • (15-36)

        • 56~. 15-5

        • 527

    • page 74

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • .,(/) ~ .0(/) ~ 110008.,,,,/ + /, ) /.~ 81~ .,,,,/

        • 1-

        • 1/2

        • 11,,, (81026 + (02~,,,~~0826)1/2 810 ((00( +~)

        • (15-37)

        • (15-38)

        • (15-39)

        • 1

        • (15-40)

        • 11/1 = 11,,, (15-41)

        • = 1 (0( 6 = 00), 18

        • (15-42)

        • 5110811111110~ ~(). (15-42) 10 ~(). (15-43) ~1~~8 118

        • (15-43)

        • (15-44)

        • 528

    • page 75

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • + 0

        • 7,, ~.~1 .

        • 51

        • 8

        • ~)(301)))~ 15-4

        • 11,,. 169.7

        • (~) 11,, = 300~. ~(0111 ~~. (15-44), 111~ (~~111(~0 ~3~3~11311~~ 18

        • 5~~. 1 5-6

        • 529

    • page 76

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • (15-45)

        • 8.

        • 530

    • page 77

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • 15-7.1 (= 5.819

        • 58~. 15-7

        • 531

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 78

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (15-46)

        • 532

    • page 79

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ~~~~9 ~~~~~

        • ... 1,,, -./ 18 ---.

        • 1. 111~ 1118~ 1111181 ~(1((~ ~01111111101181~ 111~ ~~~1~~ ((11~~ ~11((~111.

        • /

        • ---

        • ~---

        • 100

        • (,5

        • 58~. 15-7

        • 533

    • page 80

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        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

      • Titles

        • 5/11~00/(1 /0, ,,,0~~~1/79 /-/19/1 ,,0~(1, 5(11711~0/70/1~~0, 0(1~1~(15

        • ~5,.. ~ ~8~1~~~~318 0~ 500~1 ~/~~~ ~1 ~31~095 30(/

        • ~...~~.~ (~,0,... 5~~~( ~~~,0, .~0~5

        • .~ ~~~,0,... ,0,~0 ~~~~,0,~ (~,0,... 5~~~( ~~~,0, .~0~5

        • ,

        • 1-

        • 59(232).10,11

        • 32.6(128).113. ,

        • 13(051)(11,0

        • 85 (334) ,,,~.

        • 534

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 81

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

      • Titles

        • 0

        • 58~. 15-7

        • 535

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

    • page 82

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

        • Image 12

        • Image 13

      • Titles

        • /(0,1~0~/,.,,..,/..

        • ,-~• ,..,..350 5•..-~•5 0~ 5•01~~0,.,0~~10..- 1~5•5 ~,-• 0 8~~80~• ~~1~ ~700

        • ~0)(,011..,011 (.011.5. ~0~(098 (0(,09~

        • 1.25

        • ~8)(,011..,011 ~8~ (8011~8(8(..,(8~

        • 536

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 83

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

        • Image 10

        • Image 11

      • Titles

        • 30

        • 35

        • 40

        • 45

        • 50

        • 55

        • 1.5

        • ~0~ 3~085~120~......

        • 58~. 15-7

        • 537

      • Tables

        • Table 1

        • Table 2

        • Table 3

    • page 84

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 0,,,

        • 538

    • page 85

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • _~0

        • 1 = ~ 810 (())( + 6 - ~) + (10 - ~) 810 (6 - ~)~-~(/1-

        • (15-48)

        • (15-49)

        • 11,,,

        • (15-50)

        • 58~. 15-7

        • 539

    • page 86

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • 111~ ~11((~111 01 3 0~ ~1(~1111111 ~1~. 15-3118 ~1~~11 0)1

        • ~

        • (15-51 )

        • (15-52)

        • ~~301)).~ 15-5

        • 540

    • page 87

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • (~()1.11(~0.

        • 1980, ~~. 513-523.

        • 10~ ~0~~~ ~1~~1~0111~5 5~11~/1~5.,, 1~~~ 1,(1/15(1~(10/15 0/1 1/10-1(5(1)1 ,41111/1~(1(/0/15, ~01. 1~22,

        • 541

    • page 88

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 5~~1.11100, ~(1111. = 1111~.-11(111011(11 ~~~116~.-8, 1972.

        • ~/1(11 18 (1 /1~(11 8111)(7

        • ~/1(11 (1.-~ 1/1~ (10~(1111(1~~8 (1110 018(10~(1111(1~~8 01 /1~(11 ~1~~87

        • ~/1(1118 (1 ~01(1.-12~0 8111.100~.-7

        • ~11(11 15 (1 ~.-0~0(1.-7

        • 542

    • page 89

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • 1500

        • 1000

        • 500

        • 2000

        • 1500

        • 1000

        • 500

        • 10

        • (~) 11111131 (~.,,~(5~ .,,0113~~.

        • 543

    • page 90

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 15-9.

        • 15-10.

        • 15-11.

        • 15-12.

        • 544

    • page 91

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 10 3 510~1~-~1135~ ~1(~1.111 35 5110~0 10 ~1~. ~-13, 111~ ~1.1((~0115 ~)(~(~55~0 35

        • ( = ~ + ))( 2 (~-1)

        • 1(0~~030~~, 15 /(00~0 35 111~ ~0~•,. /(1~(0,. (111/5/•.

        • (0) ~/1850~ 0~89~801

        • 545

    • page 92

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • ~(1 ~/1~

        • 111~ 110~-10-110~ ~011(1~~5 (1(~

        • (1~ (1

        • 546

        • (~-3)

    • page 93

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

        • Image 9

      • Titles

        • ~1-- . /1

        • (~-5)

        • ~1-- ~ = ~,, ~

        • 111~ 111(~~ 1111115~-~0((~1115 11(~ ~

        • - - -

        • 1~ = 1~,, -1/)~ = 01,, /-2700 - 8~ = 11-- /-2700 - 8~

        • 547

    • page 94

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 111~ 10~01 ~0~~( 10 111~ 1030 18

        • (~-7)

        • ~ = 3~/01/0 ~08 8 (~-8)

        • 548

    • page 95

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • ~ /3~

        • ~11~(~ ~ = 60)(, ~~0~(5

        • 549

    • page 96

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • (~-5)

        • ~0~~~ 1-1, 300 /, 3~~ 10~ ~3~0~11210~ (0~~~ 300 1~0~10 0( /10 8~~1100 ~~8~~~11~~1)1,

        • 300 (11)( 0)1

        • (~-6)

        • (~-7)

        • (~-8)

        • 550

    • page 97

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • (13-9)

        • 1. = ~ = 1-/~

        • (13-10)

        • (13-11 )

        • ~)(301())~ 8-1

        • (3) ~(0111 5~. (8-8),

        • 1 )( 10-3

        • 8 470)( 10-7 )( 5 )( 10-3

        • ~(0111 5~. (8-9),

        • 30 )( 10-2

        • ~ = 159,155 + 13,641 = 172,796

        • 551

    • page 98

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ~ 111 5111 0)( = - 1-1 •7~

        • (~-12)

        • (~-13 )

        • ~ -0~. ~

        • 111 - 270/1-1 - 270/1-1 - 4.44/1-1

        • (~-14)

        • ~/1 /. 1-1/1

        • -. 1~.

        • - - -, - --

        • 552

    • page 99

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (13-16)

        • ~11~(~ /(,, 18 3 11~81~(~818 ~0081301 ~111~11 0~~~008 00 111~ 11131~(131 300 /3 )( 18 111~

        • (13-17)

        • (13-18)

        • 58~. 8-2

        • 553

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 100

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • (~-1 )

        • 5(6) = 81 - 84 = 83 - 82

        • 554

    • page 101

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ~.(8)/,(6) = ~0(8)/0(6)

        • (~-2)

        • (~-3)

        • (~-4)

        • ~.(8) = 5(6)~0(6)

        • (~-5)

        • (~-6)

        • 555

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 102

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • (~-7)

        • .4 00

        • ,,-1,2,...

        • 1( 4

        • 10 0 ~10

        • (~-8)

        • ~0( ~ = 1, 3, ...

        • 4 00 510 ~8

        • (~-9)

        • (~-10)

        • 556

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 103

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ( ~-11 )

        • 2~,,,

        • 1 1

        • 1 1 1 1

        • = 2~,,,

        • (~-12)

        • (~-13)

        • (~-14 )

        • ./1 00

        • ,,-1,2,...

        • ( ~-15)

        • 557

    • page 104

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

      • Titles

        • -((

        • 10 0

        • -((/2

        • 10 0

        • (1

        • ,.2

        • ,..

        • .,. (11 (13

        • 1110 111~ 1,2,3,...

        • (~-16)

        • 5(6) ~~,, ~08 116

        • /1

        • = 1110,,=1~5,... 111~~,3,... (-1)111811111~111~08116 (~-17)

        • (18

        • (~-18)

        • 558

    • page 105

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • 00

        • ,,= 1,3,5,...

        • (~-19)

        • ~ 00

        • ~~1 ~ ~ ~,,-1 + ~,,+1

        • (~-20)

        • 00

        • ,,=1,3,5,...

        • (~-21)

        • 00

        • ,,~1,3,5,...

        • (~-22)

        • (~-23)

        • 559

    • page 106

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (0-1 )

        • ~111111111131 ~0110111011~ 1)~(1 = 0) = 0.

        • (0-2)

        • 560

    • page 107

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

      • Titles

        • (0-3)

        • 1 (/

        • 111 111~ 81~30~-8131~ (31 ( = (0),

        • (0-4)

        • (0-5)

        • 58~. 0-2

        • 561

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 108

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

        • Image 8

      • Titles

        • ~111110111~1 ~00011100= 1(/ = 0) = 11. 10 1.,~.,1~~~,8 00111~10 0( 8, ~(). (0-5) 0~~0111~8

        • (0-6)

        • ~11~..~ ~ = ~/ /..,

        • ~

        • (0-7)

        • (0-8)

        • 111~ 1..~081~01 ~11 ~01 111..011811111~ ~~.,11~110.. 10 ~18. 3-2~ 18 ~)(.,..~88~0 ~8

        • ~/ ~

        • (0-9)

        • (0-10)

        • ~11~..~ (0,,, = 1/~(/..,~)

        • (0-11)

        • 562

    • page 109

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

      • Titles

        • (0-12)

        • (0-13)

        • ~5

        • 1 ~0

        • 3.110 801~111~ 10( 10~ ~0((~111 /(5) ~1~~8

        • 22

        • (0-14)

        • ~0~(~ 00,,. = 1/~(1,~)

        • .(,) ~ (1/, - 1/ 0) ~ 5.. (.,,,,,1) + 1~ 005 (.,,~,)

        • (0-15)

        • (0-16)

        • 563

    • page 110

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • (~-1 )

        • ~11~(~ 115 111~ ~~(1001~ 11(11~

        • 2,,-

        • (~-2)

        • (~-3)

        • (~-4 )

        • 564

    • page 111

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

        • Image 4

        • Image 5

        • Image 6

        • Image 7

      • Titles

        • (~-5)

        • (~-6)

        • (~-7)

        • 0.,, ~05 11())( + 0,, 5111 11())(

        • 0.2 + 02

        • 1/2

        • (~-8)

        • (0.~ + 0~)1/2 5111 (11())( + ~,,) (~-9)

        • 51105111111111~ ~(). (~-9) 11110 ~(). (~-4), 111~ 5~(1~5 111(1)1 (1150 0~ ~(111~11 (15

        • 565

      • Tables

        • Table 1

    • page 112

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

      • Titles

        • (1,, = ~ 11 1)0(() ~05 110)( ()( = ~ 1270 1)0(0)•) ~05 110)( ()(0)(), 11 = 1, 3, 5, . . .

        • 11 = 1,3,5, . . .

        • 00

        • ,,= 1,3,5,...

        • 566

    • page 113

      • Titles

        • ********* ~~08-1 **********

        • 20 ~~5

        • 70 ~~ 1~. ..~00~ 1 (3~ 100 100~)( 1 ~55 ~~(30 1 1..

        • 83 1~~0. ~~

        • 567

    • page 114

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 140 0(~1~0=0(~1~~*180/~1

        • 390 11=8(1)/5~~(2)

        • ~~0~-2 ..........

        • 30 (1..5

        • 568

    • page 115

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 82 ~~1~1 .,~151= 0~ ~0~,..1•,.. ~0•~~1~1•~1=51 ~0,.. ~(5 ,1- 8~0 ~0,.. ~0 ,2- ..

        • 569

    • page 116

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        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 381 ~~1~. ..~0. 0~ ~~15~5 ~~... ~81~-~)(~1~ = .~~

        • 390 11=8(1)/5~~(2)

        • ~~06-3 ..........

        • 2 ~~5

        • 570

    • page 117

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 245 1~ ~4(0 .~(~ ~4=0

        • 380 .1=0

        • 900 ~=2*(~*(~*~

        • 920 ~~1~,. ..~~~~ ,-=-~00~ = .., ~~

        • **...*.-*** ~~(3-4 **********

        • 5 ~(..5

        • 571

    • page 118

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 70 )(=4*~.~(1.0)

        • 572

    • page 119

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 512 1~=1~*51~(~)

        • 630 1(=50~(50(/..1)

        • 645 ~~ 1 ~1 ..~~5 ~~~0~ 0~ ~ 1 ~~ (0~~~~1 ~ = .., 1 ~

        • 650 ~=1~*1~*~*3

        • ********* ~~06-5 **********

        • 5 (~5

        • 60 1~~01 ~~

        • 85 1~~01 ~~

        • 573

    • page 120

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 180 ~~~~~(~)=~~~~~(1)+(~1/~~)*(~-1)

        • ********* ~~6-6 **********

        • 5 ~~5

        • 574

    • page 121

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 91 ~~ 1 ~1 ..1981 ~0~)( 19~~ 0)( ~. ~. ~85~ 10..

        • 215 ~~)(1 ~

        • 388 ~~ 1 ~1 ..~-..0080180~81 ~/15 0-..~~-..~ 01 ~898 10 ~ 0~ 0~ 10~-..~ 01 ~898 = ..~ ( 1 ) * 100

        • 575

    • page 122

      • Images

        • Image 1

        • Image 2

        • Image 3

      • Titles

        • 392 ~~=~~~~(~+1)-~~~~(~)+~~

        • 396 ~~=~5*5~~(~~/~1)

        • ********* ~~06-7 **********

        • 5 ~~5

        • 60 /~~0,. ,.,,~

        • 82 ~~1~,. ..~15~ 01= ~0 ,..1~,.. ~0~1=~1~1~,,~51 ~0,.. ~~5 ,1- 8,-,01=0,.. ~0 ,2- ..

        • 85 1~~0,. ,.,,~

        • 576

    • page 123

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        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 175 ~~=~85(~(~)-~(~-1))

        • 275 ~~~. ~

        • 388 ~~ 1~. ..~~(10801~(1~81 ~...5 0~~~~~ ...01 ~89~ 1 (1 1. 0~ 0~ 1 (1~~~ ...01 ~89~ = ..~ ( 1 ) *100

        • 425 5(.)...=0

        • 577

    • page 124

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 81001008.0,~. .6., 1-/0~. 0. 1-1010., 11,./11~/()/~5 01 /111/~,.(~,. 0,.~~/(5. ~~~ ~0~/(= 10011 ~1)~~

        • 818.0, 8. ~., 1-/0 1(. 0. 1(11-/(), .411 /11(,.00~~(/011 (0 110~~,. ~/~~(,.011/~5. ~01~0~81~~, ~~81

        • 1(1300, 1980.

        • 0 ~18, ~. ~., 110~~,. 1)/00~ (1110 7/1)1,./5(0,. 0,.~~/(5. 51~,,,~113~~, 1-1~~18, .611~)3110= 11181111111011

        • ~1)~~ 80 50118, 111~., 1984.

        • 0~11~,.(1/ ~/~~(,./~ 5~~ /.1(111~(1/ 6(/1 ~(/. 08 101-/ 1-/, 0. ~., 1-/0~. 8. 00/..0101-/, .611~)~~000

        • ~0111))311~, 111~., 1981.

        • 578

    • page 125

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 1-10~..., ~. 0., 5~8. ..41111//~(1(/0115 1/(1110000/(. 8~~1111(10, ~(111~~ 1111~(11(111011(11 ~~~11~1~( ~0(-

        • 1,1(1., 1973.

        • 111111(111 ~1101180.~(8 1.1(1., 1978.

        • 579

    • page 126

      • Images

        • Image 1

      • Titles

        • 835~ 5))~~0, 298

        • 580

    • page 127

      • Titles

        • ~/10~~~(5 (~0/1(0.)

        • ~0111(01 (~0/1(0.)

        • 0

        • 581

    • page 128

      • Titles

        • 0~ 0(1,,,~8, 296

        • ~0111(01, 301

        • 3~, 339

        • 582

        • ~31111 ~11((~111 ,

    • page 129

      • Titles

        • 11101.1~11011 111010(8, 340

        • ~(1811~11~ ~1(~1.1118, 549

        • ~05~818 (~0/1((/.)

        • ~(1110

        • 583

    • page 130

      • Titles

        • ~~~11(1~15 (~011(0.)

        • 584

        • ,..

        • 13() ~11311~~15

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