TỔNG HỢP CÁC THÌ (TENSES) TRONG TIẾNG ANH Forms Uses and Examples The Present Simple Tense: - Diễn tả chân lí, thật hiển hiên Ex: The sun rises in the East - Diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy - ‘to be’: S + am/is/are Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle - ordinary verbs: S - Diễn tả hành động , việc tương lai xảy theo + V1-s/-es thời gian biểu hay lịch trình Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning The Present Continuous Tense - Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm nói xung quanh thời điểm nói Ex: Tom is having dinner at the moment Be quiet! The baby is sleeping S + am/is/are + V-ing - Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai có kế hoạch trước: Ex: George is leaving for New York tomorrow What are you doing tonight? The Present Perfect Tense - Diễn tả hành động vừ xảy Ex: I have just finished my homework - Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ không xác định rõ thời điểm Ex: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t - Diễn tả hảnh động xảy khứ, kéo dài đến tại, tiếp tục tương lai S + have/has + Ex: Mary has lived in this house for ten years V3-ed - Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần Ex: I have seen this film three times - Dùng cấu trúc: Be + the first/second… time + S + have/has + V3/ed Be + the ss + N + S + have/has + V3/ed Ex: This is the first time I have been to Paris She is the most honest person I have ever met The Present Perfect Continuous: Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu khứ kéo dài liên tục đến (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục hành động) Notes: Khơng dùng hồn thành tiếp diễn để nói S + have/has+ tình tồn thời gian dài có been + V-ing always Ex: Alice has always worked hard (Không dùng has always been working hard) Adverbs today, always, often, usually, sometimes, occasionally, never, generally, forever, rarely, every day/ year/ once/ three times a week/a month, now, right now, at the moment, at present, ; Look!, Listen!, never, ever, recently, lately, already, up to now, so far, for a long time, for ages, since, for, just, yet, several times, many times, How long, in the last hundred years, How long, since, for The Simple Past tense - Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc thời điểm xác định khứ - ‘tobe’: S + Ex: My mother left this city three years ago was/were - ordinary verbs: S - Diễn tả hành động xảy suốt thời gian dài + V2-ed q khứ hồn tòan chấm dứt Ex: Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music The Past Continuous Tense: - Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm hay khoảng thời gian khứ Ex: I was watching a football match on T.V at o'clock last night - Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ S + was/were + (QKTD) hành động khác xảy (quá khứ đơn) V-ing Ex: I was having dinner when he came - Diễn tả hai nhiều hành động xảy đồng thời thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: At 8p.m yesterday, Mary was watching TV while Tom was reading a newspaper The Past Perfect Tense: Diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc trước thời điểm hay việc khác khứ -ed Ex: He had worked in that company for years before S + had + V3 1995 The train had gone when we arrived the station The Past Perfect Continuous: Thì q khứ hồn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động khứ xảy kéo dài hành động khứ thứ xảy ra(hành động thứ dùng Past Simple) thường khoảng S + had been + thời gian kéo dài rõ câu V-ing Ex: The man had been playing cards for hours before I came The Simple Future Tense - Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai Ex: He will be 20 next week - Diễn đạt ý kiến, đưa lời hứa định tức S + will + V0 I, we + will/ shall + V0 Ex: I think Liverpool will win I’ phone you tonight ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/ month/ year/ Christmas, in 1995, at 7.00 pm yesterday, at this time last night, when, while, Before, after, up to then, when, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next month/ week/ year/ Christmas/ Sunday, soon, sooner or later, 10 Near Future: S + is/am/are + going to + V0 - Hành động xảy tương lai gần dựa vào dấu hiệu Ex: Look at the black clouds in the sky It's going to rain - Hành động tương lai có dự định trước: Ex: I am going to sell my house next week tomorrow, next , soon, 11 The Future Continuous Tense: - Diễn tả hành động tiến hành thời điểm tương lai Eg: At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning he will be working at his office - Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai có hành động khác xen vào Eg: I will be studying when you return this evening S + will/shall + be + V-ing They will be travelling in Italy by the time you arrive here - Dùng Will you be + V-ing? để hỏi dự định người ta cần điều cần người làm điều Ex: A: Will you be using your motorbike this evening? B: No, you can take it A: Will you be passing the post office when you go out? B: Yes, why? 12 The Future Perfect Tense Diễn tả hành động hoàn tất vào thời điểm S + will/shall + cho trước tương lai have + V-ing Ex: I will have finished my work by noon 13 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense: Diễn tả hành động khứ kéo dài đến thời điểm cho trước tương lai S + will/shall + Ex: By November, we will been living in this house for 10 have been + years V-ing By March 15th, I wil have been working for this company for years this time next week, this time tomorrow, By + mốc thời gian, by the time, by then By + for + khoảng thời gian, by the time, by then Khơng dùng tiếp diễn (continuous tenses) với động từ nhận thức sau: - Động từ giác quan hoạc động từ nối (verbs of senses or linking verbs): be, feel, look, hear, see, smell, sound, taste, notice, Ex: I don’t see anything now Can you turn on the light? (NOT: I’m mot seeing anything now ) - Động từ diễn tả tình cảm (verbs of emotions): like, love, hate, dislike, detest, fear, desire, need, respect, want, wish, Ex: Anita didn’t use to like classical music, but now she likes it a lot (NOT: But now she is liking it a lot) - Động từ sinh hoạt tinh thần (verbs of mental activities): believe, know, mean, realize, recognize, remember, understand, suppose, think (that), Ex: I believe they are enjoying themselves at the beach (NOT: I’m believing they are ) - Động từ sở hữu (verbs of possession): belong to, owe, own, possess, contain, consist of, depend on, have (=có), Ex: How much owe me now? (NOT: How much you are owing me now?) - Một số động từ thuộc nhóm mang ý nghĩa diễn tả hành động dùng tiếp diễn: Khơng dùng với tiếp diễn Smell (linking verb): có mùi Ex: Your tower smells bad Dùng với tiếp diễn Smell (action verb): ngửi Ex: Tom is smelling his tower to see it needs washing Các động từ giác quan khác có cách dùng tương tự: taste: có mùi vị (LV), nếm (AV); feel: có cảm giác (LV); sờ xem (AV) Think (that) cho Think about/of: suy nghĩ về/nhớ Ex: I think you should pay more attention to your Ex: “What are you thinking about?” work Have: có (động từ sở hữu) Ex: I have my credit card but I don’t have any cash now Have dùng với tiếp diễn cụm từ sau: - have breakfast/lunch/dinner/meat/steak : ăn = to eat - have coffee/tea/orange juice/wine : uống = to drink - have a walk/a swim/ a bath/ a drive: bộ/ bơi/ tắm/ lái xe - have trouble/a problem/a good time/ a party : gặp rắc rối/vui vẻ/ mở tiệc Ex: I don’t usually have wine with meals, but now I’m having a glass of whiskey Look (linking verb): trơng Ex: You look ill What’s the matter with you? Look at/ after/ for (action verb): nhìn vào/ chăm sóc/ tìm Ex: I’m looking for my pen, but I can’t see it anywhere Không dùng tương lai (Future tenses) mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian, Simple Future thay Simple Present, Future Perfect (hoặc Future Perfect Continuous) đựoc thay Present Perfect (hoặc Present Perfect continuous) Sequence of Tenses: (Sự phối hợp mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian) Adverbial clauses of time: bắt đầu liên từ thời gian như: when, whenever, before, after, since, as soon as, as, while, till, until, just as, no sooner…than, hardly…when, as long as, etc Main Clause Adverbial clause of time Present tenses Present tenses Past tenses Past tenses Future tenses Present tenses Biên soạn: Vu Dai Loi EXERCISES Use the correct form of verbs in brackets In all the world, there (be) only 14 mountains that (reach) above 8,000 meters He sometimes (come) to see his parents When I (come) , she (leave) for Dalat ten minutes ago My grandfather never (fly) in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so We just (decide) that we (undertake) the job He told me that he (take) a trip to California the following week I knew that this road (be) too narrow Right now I (attend) class Yesterday at this time I (attend) class Tomorrow I’m going to leave for home When I (arrive) at the airport, Mary (wait) for me 10 Margaret was born in 1950 By the year 2005, she (live) on this earth for 55 years 11 The traffic was very heavy By the time I (get) to Mary’s party, everyone already (arrive) 12 I will graduate in June I (see) you in July By the time I (see) you , I (graduate) 13 I (visit) my uncle’s home many times when I (be) a child 14 That book (lie) on the table for week You (not read) it yet ? 15 David (wash) his hands He just (repair) the TV set 16 You (be) here before? Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year 17 We never (meet) him We don’t know what he (look) like 18 The car (be) ready for him by the time he (come) tomorrow 19 On arriving at home I (find) that she just (leave) a few minutes before 20 When we (arrive) in London tonight, it probably (rain) 21 It (rain) hard We can’t anything until it (stop) 22 Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail) 23 That evening we (stay) up to talk about the town where he (live) for some years 24 I (sit) down for a rest while the shoes (repair) 25 Half way to the office Paul (turn) round and (go) back home because he (forget) to turn the gas off 26 London (change) a lot since we first (come) to live here 27 While we (talk) on the phone the children (start) fighting and (break) a window 28 He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) in his life 29 You know she (stand) looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes 30 I (spend) a lot of time travelling since I (get) this new job 31 When I (be) at school we all (study) Latin 32 When I (meet) him , he (work) as a waiter for a year or so 33 After he (finish) breakfast he (sit) down to write some letters 34 She (have) a hard life, but she’s always smiling 35 I think Jim (be) out of town Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D): 1) He for London one year ago A left B has left C leaves D had left 2) She in Hue for twenty years A lives B has lived C lived D will live 3) I to the market with my mother yesterday A go B went C have gone D was going 4) What you , Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother A do/think B are/thinking C have/thought D were/thinking 5) How long you her? – For five months A do/know B are/knowing C have/known D had/known 6) I usually to school by bus A went B am going C go D have gone 7) Yesterday morning I up at 6.30 A got B get C was getting D had got 8) Please don’t make so much noise I A studying B study C am studying D studied 9) Water at 100 degrees Celsius A boils B boiled C is boiling D will boil 10) It is raining now It began raining two hours ago So it for two hours A rains B is raining C has rained D rained 11) you out last night? A Did/go B Do/go C Have/gone D Were/going 12) This house 35,000 pounds in 1980 A costs B cost C had cost D was cost 13) While Tom tennis, Ann a shower A played/took B playing/taking C was playing/was taking D was play/was take 14) Mike is playing chess How long he ? A did/play B is/playing C has/play D has/been playing 15) When they in the garden, the phone A worked/was ringing B were working/rang C worked/rang D work/rings 16) After they their breakfast, they shopping yesterday A have/go B had had/go C had/had gone D had had/went 17) They tea when the doorbell A have/is ringing B were having/rang C had had/ rang D having/ringing 18) Father his pipe while mother a magazine A smoked/read B had smoked/read C was smoking/was reading D smoking/reading 19) When I into the office, my boss for me A came/was waiting B was coming/waited C had come/waited D came/waiting 20) When I Brian, he a taxi A see/drives B see/was driving C saw/was driving D saw/is driving 21) When he , we dinner A arrived/having B arrived/were having C was arriving/had D had arrived/had 22) While they chess, we the shopping A playing/doing B were playing/doing C played/did D were playing/were doing 23) They football when the lights in the stadium out A were playing/went B played/was going C were playing/ was going D playing/went 24) While George and John their room, she the ironing A cleaning/doing B were cleaning/was doing C were cleaning/doing D cleaning/was doing 25) Today is Thursday and she late twice this week She late yesterday and on Monday A is/was B has been/is C has been/was D has been/had been 26) He in the same house since 1975 A has lived B is living C lived D had lived 27) We him since he married A didn’t see/got B haven’t seen/got C don’t/get D hadn’t seen/got 28) It for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis A is raining B had rained C has rained D was raining 29) He to HCMC last year and I him since then A moved/didn’t see B moves/haven’t seen C moved/haven’t seen D moved/hadn’t seen 30) We what to with the money yet A not decide B didn’t decide C haven’t decided D hadn’t decided 31) My father as a teacher for thirty years A works B is working C worked D has worked 32) He to New York three times this year A had been B was C has been D is 33) I how to dance when I six years old A don’t know / was B didn’t know / am C didn’t know / was D haven’t known/was 34) Last month my brother me his photos He me his photos every year A sends/sent B sent/sends C sent/sent D sends/sends 35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he carelessly A drove B had driven C drives D was driving 36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I when I was a child but not now A B did C have done D had done 37) I her at the school gate yesterday A met B meet C had met D am meeting 38) She English when she was six years old A learned B has learned C is learning D had learned 39) I don’t remember where and when I her A meet B had met C met D have met 40) They to know each other for more than ten years A get B got C have got D had got 41) you that film yet? A Do/see B Have/seen C Did/see D Had/seen 42) I the film with my friends last week A watched B watch C have watched D had watched 43) He up at five every morning A is getting B got C gets D was getting 44) she in Hue at the moment? A Does/live B Is/living C Did/live D Was/living 45) He usually her at weekend but now he in bed because of his severe illness A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/is staying 46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents A sleep B are sleeping C were sleeping D slept 47) Why you often so much noise in the house? A do/make B did/make C are/making D were/making 48) What he before you came? A does/do B had/do C had/done D has/done 49) While mum was watching TV, I my homework A am doing B was doing C had done D has done 50) At this time yesterday I to music A listened B had listened C was listening D am listening ... Smell (action verb): ngửi Ex: Tom is smelling his tower to see it needs washing Các động từ giác quan khác có cách dùng tương tự: taste: có mùi vị (LV), nếm (AV); feel: có cảm giác (LV); sờ xem... before S + had + V3 1995 The train had gone when we arrived the station The Past Perfect Continuous: Thì khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động khứ xảy kéo dài hành động khứ thứ xảy ra(hành động... You (not read) it yet ? 15 David (wash) his hands He just (repair) the TV set 16 You (be) here before? Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year 17 We never (meet)