Chapter: Chapter 03: Human Development Multiple Choice Which of the following is true about developmental psychology? a) Developmental psychologists are only interested in similarities between groups of people b) Most developmental psychologists are only interested in the developmental changes in childhood c) Most developmental psychologists now view development as a process that continues throughout the lifespan d) Developmental psychologists are only interested in the psychological development of the person, not in biological development Ans: c Feedback A: Psychologists are also interested in the differences between people Feedback B: Psychologists today are interested in development across the lifespan Feedback C: Correct Feedback D: Developmental psychologists identify many factors that work together Section Ref: Introduction Learning Objective: Understand the key debates underlying research in child development Difficulty: Easy What key debate in developmental psychology considers whether genetics or environment has a greater impact on behavior? a) nature vs nurture b) quantitative vs qualitative c) endogenous vs exogenous d) genetics vs maturation Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: Whether stages of development represent quantitative or qualitative changes Feedback C: Genetics has a greater influence; environment has a greater influence Feedback D: Genetic influence; development is biologically programmed Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Easy True/False The belief that development is biologically programmed to happen sequentially is known as maturation Ans: True Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Easy Fill-in-the-blank The view of development suggests that our experiences heavily influence how we develop Ans: exogenous Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Medium Short Answer What does the term “nature” refer to in the nature vs nurture controversy? Ans: Genetic inheritance Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Easy Essay Which you believe is more important: nature or nurture? Reflect on your own life circumstances and determine whether your genetics or your environment has had a greater impact on who you are today Provide examples to support your choice Ans: State whether nature or nurture is more important State whether genetics or environment has had a greater impact Provide relevant examples that support their choice Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Medium True/False A stage is a developmental period characterized by a certain level of functioning that is qualitatively different from the functioning that characterizes other stages Ans: True Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Easy All children develop in the same way and there is no variation in the timing of developmental milestones Ans: False Feedback: There are variations in the timing of developmental milestones that still fall within the normal range Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Easy Fill-in-the-blank Stages represent shifts in the growth of persons Ans: qualitative Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Medium Essay Explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative shifts in growth and give an example of each type of change Ans: Stages theorists believe that development is best explained by qualitative shifts in the growth of persons A qualitative shift occurs when individuals make developmental jumps that cause them to be different than they were before Qualitative changes represent changes in form or kind For example, when children acquire language they begin to think about the world in a different Other psychologists disagree with the stage theory of development They claim that development comes from continuously acquiring new information and new experiences In their view, what may seem like a big, sudden developmental change actually results from a gradual accumulation of many small changes in quantity Walking is a good example of an achievement that is built on small steady developmental changes Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice Which type of shifts in developmental growth suggest that a person changes following the achievement of milestones a) quantitative b) maturation c) exogenous d) qualitative Ans: d Feedback A: Variance in timing of developmental milestones Feedback B: Biologically programmed to happen sequentially Feedback C: Belief that experiences have a greater influence on development Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Medium The documentary Babies follows the development of babies from four different cultures This film shows that a) each baby develops in response to his or her particular environment b) babies are unaffected by cultural influences during their first year of development c) Western babies achieve most physical, cognitive, and social milestones before non-Western babies d) a baby’s behavior is virtually unaffected by genetic factors Ans: a Feedback A: Correct Feedback B: Babies are affected by cultural influences Feedback C: The text does not mention that Western babies achieve most developmental milestones before non-Western babies Feedback D: Babies are affected by genetic influences Section Ref: Understanding how we develop Learning Objective: Understand the key debates underlying research in child development Difficulty: Medium Short Answer What term is used to describe a point in development when an organism is especially sensitive to particular kinds of environmental stimuli? Ans: Critical period Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Medium Essay 10 Define the term “imprinting” and identify the scientist most often associated with this research Ans: Lorenz coined the term imprinting to describe the attachment that young geese make when they connect with the moving stimuli they are with most often during the first 36 hours of life Section Ref: Understanding How We Develop Learning Objective: Understand the strengths and limitations on each side of key debates underlying research and theory in child development Difficulty: Hard 11 Most developmental psychologists believe that a) endogenous factors are more important than exogenous factors b) exogenous factors are more important than endogenous factors c) nature is more important than nurture d) development is a combination of exogenous and endogenous factors Ans: d Feedback A: Both nature (endogenous) and nurture (exogenous) factors are important aspects of development Feedback B: Both nature (endogenous) and nurture (exogenous) factors are important aspects of development Feedback C: Both nature (endogenous) and nurture (exogenous) factors are important aspects of development Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Understanding how we develop Learning Objective: Understand the key debates underlying research in child development Difficulty: Medium 13 Joseph recently found some duckling eggs that had been abandoned and hatched the eggs The ducklings followed Joseph around everywhere Which of the following experiments was Joseph replicating? a) Lorenz’s studies of sensitive periods b) Lorenz’s studies of imprinting c) Piaget’s theory of attachment d) Bowlby’s studies of attachment Ans: b Feedback A: Lorenz coined the term imprinting – not sensitive periods - to describe this phenomenon Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: Piaget studied cognitive development, not imprinting Feedback D: Bowlby studied human babies’ attachment styles Section Ref: Understanding how we develop Learning Objective: Understand the key debates underlying research in child development Difficulty: Medium 14 If you encountered an eight week old kitten that had never been exposed to humans before, what reaction would you most likely get from the kitten? a) The kitten would be friendly because it has the genes of a domestic animal b) The kitten would bite and scratch you because it never imprinted on humans c) The kitten would respond the same way its mother responds d) The particular reaction would depend on the specific personality of the individual kitten Ans: b Feedback A: Behavior is a combination of both genes and environmental forces Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: The kitten will respond like a wild animal because it never imprinted on humans Feedback D: The kitten will respond like a wild animal because it never imprinted on humans Section Ref: Understanding how we develop Learning Objective: Understand the key debates underlying research in child development Difficulty: Hard 15 What is the difference between a critical period and a sensitive period? a) Critical periods are more rigid than sensitive periods b) Sensitive periods are more rigid than critical periods c) Animals have sensitive periods, while humans have critical periods d) Critical periods and sensitive periods are the same thing Ans: a Feedback A: Correct Feedback B: Sensitive periods are more flexible and more responsive to environmental changes Feedback C: The term sensitive periods is generally used to discuss human development Feedback D: Sensitive periods are more flexible and more responsive to changes in experience Section Ref: Understanding how we develop Learning Objective: Understand the key debates underlying research in child development Difficulty: Medium 16 Mary is concerned that her baby is 12 months old, but is still not walking on her own Which of the following issues is most relevant to Mary’s concern? a) Nature vs nurture b) Critical periods vs sensitive periods c) Qualitative vs quantitative shifts in development d) Longitudinal vs cross-sectional Ans: c Feedback A: Individual variations in the timing of stages central to the issue of qualitative vs quantitative shifts in development Feedback B: Individual variations in the timing of stages central to the issue of qualitative vs quantitative shifts in development Feedback C: Correct Feedback D: Individual variations in the timing of stages central to the issue of qualitative vs quantitative shifts in development Section Ref: Understanding how we develop Learning Objective: Understand the key debates underlying research in child development Difficulty: Hard Short-Answer What is an “impact” study? Ans: When researchers conduct "impact" studies, they set children up in certain predicaments and see how they handle the unexpected turn of events Section Ref: How is Developmental Psychology Investigated? Learning Objective: Describe and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs for researching development Difficulty: Easy Why are questionnaires and interviews usually of limited use when conducting research on children? Why would an "impact" study be particularly appropriate for research on children? Ans: Children often not have sufficient insight into what factors drive their behavior This lack of introspection ability inhibits the usefulness of questionnaires and interviews Impact studies useful because they are based on behavioral observation and not require the child to engage in introspection Section Ref: How is Developmental Psychology Investigated? Learning Objective: Describe and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs for researching development Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank Impact studies are based on _ Ans: behavioral observation Section Ref: How is Developmental Psychology Investigated? Learning Objective: Describe and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs for researching development Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice 17 Eunice, age 65, participated in a research study that compared older adult’s scores on a cognitive test to the scores of younger adults Which type of study does this example represent? a) longitudinal b) experimental c) cross-sectional d) qualitative Ans: c Feedback A: Studies the same people as time passes, not different groups Feedback B: Focuses on the relationship between variables Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: Focuses on non-numerical data Section Ref: How is Developmental Psychology Investigated? Learning Objective: Describe and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs for researching development Difficulty: Hard True/False 18 The benefits of a longitudinal research design are ease and efficiency Ans: False Feedback: Follows same individuals over a significant period of time; time-consuming, more expensive, greater risk of losing participants Section Ref: How is Developmental Psychology Investigated? Learning Objective: Describe and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs for researching development Difficulty: Medium Fill-in-the-blank 19 A research design studies the same people over a significant period of time Ans: longitudinal Section Ref: How is Developmental Psychology Investigated? Learning Objective: Describe and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs for researching development Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 20 What type of research design attempts to combine the cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches? Ans: Cohort-sequential design Section Ref: How is Developmental Psychology Investigated? Learning Objective: Describe and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs for researching development Difficulty: Hard 174 Mrs Percival draws a figure on the board that is lopsided, and has sides, all of unequal lengths Physically, the right side is three inches, but the left side is six inches Mrs Percival tells the class that the figure is a square She tells the class that the right side is three inches in length and asks them how long the left side is Which of the following responses is correctly matched? a) Peter is in the concrete operations stage of development; his answer is “three inches.” b) Janice is in the formal operations stage of development; her answer is “three inches.” c) Paul is in the formal operations stage; his answer is “six inches.” d) Candice is in the formal operations stage; her answer is “I don’t know.” Ans: b Feedback A: People in the formal operations stage can understand symbolic relationships Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: People in the formal operations stage can understand symbolic relationships Feedback D: People in the formal operations stage can understand symbolic relationships Section Ref: Adolescence How We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during adolescence Difficulty: Hard 175 Jacob is 55 He has taken early retirement and now just sits around the house watching TV Which of Erikson’s stages is Jacob experiencing? a) integrity vs despair b) identity vs role confusion c) industry vs inferiority d) generativity vs self-absorption Ans: d Feedback A: This stage is over age 65 Feedback B: This stage is young adulthood Feedback C: This stage is ages 6-12 Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Adolescence How We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during adolescence Difficulty: Medium 176 Students sometimes have difficulty deciding whether to go to college or go directly into the workforce after high school Which of Erikson’s stages is relevant to this issue? a) intimacy vs isolation b) identity vs role confusion c) industry vs inferiority d) generativity vs self-absorption Ans: b Feedback A: This is the stage immediately following the challenge of forming an identity Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: This is ages 6-12 Feedback D: This is older adulthood Section Ref: Adolescence How We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during adolescence Difficulty: Medium 177 Which of the following are correctly matched? a) James is in a retirement complex The other residents don’t like him because all he does is complain about his lost “prime of life.” James is in the stage of generativity vs self-absorption b) Mrs Wilson is her block’s honorary “grandma.” Her own children are grown, but the neighborhood children play in her backyard while she bakes them cookies Mrs Wilson is in the stage of intimacy vs isolation c) Marcie is a bit of a recluse At age 30, she is not married; she lives alone and doesn’t get out much When she comes home from work, she makes dinner and then watches TV Marcie is in the stage of ego integrity vs despair d) Howard never had children, but he volunteers along with some of his coworkers at the local food bank, and also coaches hockey Howard is in the stage of generativity vs self-absorption Ans: d Feedback A: James is in the stage of ego integrity vs despair Feedback B: Mrs Wilson is in the stage of ego integrity vs despair Feedback C: Marcie is in the stage of intimacy vs isolation Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Adolescence How We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during adolescence Difficulty: Hard 178 Which of the following people is in Erikson’s stage of identity vs role confusion? a) 22 year old Fernando is convinced that he has found the girl he wants to marry b) 11 year old Mary has just joined the chess club at school c) 18 year old Justin has just informed his parents that he is no longer interested in going to church d) 32 year old Brigit has just decided to quit her job and go to graduate school Ans: c Feedback A: Fernando is in the stage of intimacy vs isolation Feedback B: Mary is in the stage of industry vs inferiority Feedback C: Correct Feedback D: Brigit is in the stage of generativity vs self-absorption Section Ref: Adolescence How We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during adolescence Difficulty: Medium Cross-cultural observations have confirmed that the tendency for persons in their 20s to continue living with their parents through adulthood occurs only in the United States Ans: False Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice Why it is becoming increasingly common for persons in their 20s to live with and receive financial assistance from their parents? Ans: Economic circumstances are changing Entry-level job opportunities are decreasing and the cost of housing is increasing As such it is becoming increasingly common around the world for persons in their 20s to continue living at home with their parents Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Hard Which of the following cultural shifts is changing the face of adult development? a) More married couples are choosing to remain childless b) Fewer unmarried couples are having children c) Adults are not staying as long in the workforce d) Married couples not waiting as long to have children Ans: a Feedback A: Correct! Feedback B: More unmarried couples are having children Feedback C: Adults are staying in the workforce longer Feedback D: Married couples waiting longer to have children Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Medium According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development, the primary goal of early adulthood (between ages 20-30 years of age) is to attain _ a) a stable identity b) love and intimacy c) generativity d) occupational achievements Ans: b Feedback A: The primary goal of early adulthood is to achieve love and intimacy Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: The primary goal of early adulthood is to achieve love and intimacy Feedback D: The primary goal of early adulthood is to achieve love and intimacy Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Medium According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development, resolving the conflict between generativity and stagnation is the primary goal of which developmental period? a) Middle childhood b) Adolescence c) Early adulthood d) Middle adulthood Ans: d Feedback A: Resolving the conflict between generativity and stagnation is the primary goal of middle adulthood Feedback B: Resolving the conflict between generativity and stagnation is the primary goal of middle adulthood Feedback C: Resolving the conflict between generativity and stagnation is the primary goal of middle adulthood Feedback D: Correct! Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Medium True-False In many societies, the timing and form adult milestones such as marriage, parenting, and retirement are less variable than they were in earlier days Ans: False Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Easy Today there are more couples are choosing to remain childless than there were in previous generations Ans: True Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Easy 179 Menopause usually occurs in women age 60 or older Ans: False Feedback: Age 50 or older Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Easy Multiple Choice 180 Which theory of aging provides a chemical-oriented explanation? a) wear-and-tear b) free radical c) cellular clock d) use-it-or-lose-it Ans: b Feedback A: Years of use wear out our bodies Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: Aging is built into our cells Feedback D: Cognitive belief Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Easy Fill-in-the-blank 181 The cellular clock theory of aging suggests that aging is built into our cells because grow shorter each time they are used in cell reproduction Ans: telomeres Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Hard Short Answer 182 What factors may accelerate the wear and tear theory of aging? Ans: Poor diet, stress, lack of exercise, etc Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Medium Essay 183 Describe the last conflict that older adults face according to Erikson’s theory? Ans: Older adults must reconcile their feelings of integrity versus despair by facing mortality with a sense that life was well lived Section Ref: Adulthood How Do We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during the course of adulthood Difficulty: Hard Multiple Choice 184 Which of the following best describes adulthood? a) It is an outcome of earlier periods of development b) Adulthood is the beginning of a period of decline c) There are not a lot of developmental changes during adulthood d) Adulthood is a time of continuing change Ans: d Feedback A: Psychologists now regard adulthood as a developmental period in its own right Feedback B: Change is not the same as decline Feedback C: Both the brain and the body continue to change throughout adulthood Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Adulthood How We Develop Learning Objective: Describe key physical, social, and emotional changes that take place across the course of adulthood Difficulty: Easy 185 Which of the following is NOT true about people in their 60s and 70s? a) We first start to notice a decline in our sensory abilities b) Pupils begin to shrink c) The immune system begins to decline d) We typically become thinner Ans: a Feedback A: Correct Feedback B: This is true of people in their 60s and 70s Feedback C: This is true of people in their 60s and 70s Feedback D: This is true of people in their 60s and 70s Section Ref: Adulthood How We Develop Learning Objective: Describe key physical, social, and emotional changes that take place across the course of adulthood Difficulty: Easy 187 Which of the following theories suggests that aging is caused by telomeres growing shorter as time passes? a) free-radical theory b) wear and tear theory c) cellular clock theory d) immunodeficiency theory Ans: Feedback A: The free radical theory assumes that negatively charged oxygen molecules damage our cells Feedback B: The wear and tear theory suggests that out bodies get worn down with increased “milage.” Feedback C: Correct Feedback D: This is not one of the theories of aging Section Ref: Adulthood How We Develop Learning Objective: Describe key physical, social, and emotional changes that take place across the course of adulthood Difficulty: Medium 188 Which of the following best describes the normal adult brain? a) As we age, we typically experience shrinkage in brain volume and weight b) Significant loss of neurons begins in middle adulthood and continues c) No new neurons form beyond the age of 50 d) Broad intellectual capacities remain intact throughout our lives Ans: d Feedback A: This is only true in cases of brain pathology Feedback B: Neuron formation continues as long as learning continues Feedback C: Neuron formation continues as long as learning continues Feedback D: Correct Section Ref: Adulthood How We Develop Learning Objective: Describe key physical, social, and emotional changes that take place across the course of adulthood Difficulty: Medium According to Levinson’s research, a midlife crisis is most likely to occur during which of the following period of development? a a) Between ages 30-35 b b) Between ages 35-40 c c) Between ages 40-45 d d) Between ages 50-55 Ans: c Feedback A: According to Levinson’s research, a midlife crisis is most likely to occur between ages 40 and 45 Feedback B: According to Levinson’s research, a midlife crisis is most likely to occur between ages 40 and 45 Feedback C: Correct! Feedback D: According to Levinson’s research, a midlife crisis is most likely to occur between ages 40 and 45 Section Ref: Adulthood How We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during adulthood Difficulty: Medium According to Eriskon’s psychosocial theory, the goal of old age is to attain _ a a) autonomy b b) pride c c) love d d) wisdom Ans: d Feedback A: According to Eriskon’s psychosocial theory, the goal of old age is to attain wisdom Feedback B: Correct! Feedback C: According to Eriskon’s psychosocial theory, the goal of old age is to attain wisdom Feedback D: According to Eriskon’s psychosocial theory, the goal of old age is to attain wisdom Section Ref: Adulthood How We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during adulthood Difficulty: Medium Essay Compare and contrast the concepts of chronological and functional age Ans: Chronological age is based purely on the number of years one has lived since birth Functional age reflects an individual’s capacity to adapt his or her behavior to the changing environment For example a person in optimal physical health might have chronological age of 60 and a functional age of 50 Section Ref: Adulthood How We Develop Learning Objective: Summarize the major physical, cognitive, and emotional developments that take place during adulthood Difficulty: Medium 189 Which behavioral problem is not associated with conduct disorder? a) bullying b) cruelty c) rule breaking d) anxiety disorder Ans: d Feedback A: Problem associated with conduct disorder Feedback B: Problem associated with conduct disorder Feedback C: Problem associated with conduct disorder Feedback D: Psychological disorder Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Easy True/False 190 Developmental psychopathologists are interested in identifying risk factors that may influence the likelihood of behavioral problems occurring Ans: True Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Easy Fill-in-the-blank 191 The concept of suggests that individuals may start at different places but eventually end up functioning similarly based on life experiences Ans: equifinality Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Medium Short Answer 192 What principle states that people can start from the same place but may eventually end up in a variety of situations? Ans: Multifinality Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Medium Essay 193 What is resilience? Ans: Ability to recover from or avoid serious effects of negative experiences or consequences Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Medium Multiple Choice 194 A disorder characterized by a number of emotional and behavioral problems, including frequent rule breaking and trouble with authority figures is called a) oppositional defiant disorder b) conduct disorder c) antisocial personality disorder d) equifinality Ans: b Feedback A: This is not as serious as conduct disorder Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: This is not a developmental disorder discussed in your text Feedback D: This term refers to levels of functioning, not conduct Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Easy 195 The biggest concern reported by school children of all ages was a) bullying b) racism c) AIDS d) pressure to try sex or alcohol Ans: a Feedback A: Correct Feedback B: Bullying was the biggest stated concern Feedback C: Bullying was the biggest stated concern Feedback D: Bullying was the biggest stated concern Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Easy 196 What percent of children have experienced bullying? a) 30 b) 50 c) 70 d) almost all children have been bullied at some time Ans: c Feedback A: The answer is 70% Feedback B: The answer is 70% Feedback C: Corrrect Feedback D: The answer is 70% Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Easy 197 Mary was bullied when she was younger, and Jeremy was not Today, both of them are happy, well-functioning adults Which of the following terms best describes this? a) psychological moratorium b) equifinality c) resiliance d) multifinality Ans: b Feedback A: The principle of equifinality suggests that there can be many paths to the same final result Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: The principle of equifinality suggests that there can be many paths to the same final result Feedback D: The principle of equifinality suggests that there can be many paths to the same final result Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Medium 198 Kevin and William are brothers, two years apart in age They grew up in a rough neighborhood, but Kevin became a doctor, while William became involved with gangs and ended up in jail Which of the following terms best describes this? a) equifinality b) multifinality c) conduct disorder d) externalization Ans: b Feedback A: The principle of multifinality states that two people can have the same starting point and end up with different results Feedback B: Correct Feedback C: The principle of multifinality states that two people can have the same starting point and end up with different results Feedback D: The principle of multifinality states that two people can have the same starting point and end up with different results Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Medium 199 Resilience is defined as a) an ability to recover from or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances b) the tendency to develop oppositional tendencies as a coping mechanism c) a physical predisposition to thrive, as opposed to fail d) the degree to which people can end up with different outcomes, even though they start from the same place Ans: Feedback A: Correct Feedback B: Resilience is defined as the ability to recover from or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances Feedback C: Resilience is defined as the ability to recover from or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances Feedback D: Resilience is defined as the ability to recover from or avoid the serious effects of negative circumstances Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Medium Short Answer Why is the “evil child” such a common theme in many horror films? Ans: It is hard to accurately know what a child is thinking or feeling because children cannot engage in introspection as well as adults Section Ref: Developmental Psychopathology: When Things Go Wrong Learning Objective: Understand how the developmental psychopathology approach uses a developmental perspective to look at problematic behaviors Difficulty: Medium ... of exogenous and endogenous factors Ans: d Feedback A: Both nature (endogenous) and nurture (exogenous) factors are important aspects of development Feedback B: Both nature (endogenous) and nurture... Medium Fill-in-the-blank Impact studies are based on _ Ans: behavioral observation Section Ref: How is Developmental Psychology Investigated? Learning Objective: Describe and discuss the advantages... Feedback D: Focuses on non-numerical data Section Ref: How is Developmental Psychology Investigated? Learning Objective: Describe and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional and